छायावादी युग

chhayavadi yug (1920-1936) pray: 'dvivedi yug' ke bad ke samay ko kaha jata hai. bisavian sadi ka poorvarddh chhayavadi kaviyoan ka utthan kal tha. is yug ko jayashankar prasad, mahadevi varma, sooryakaant tripathi 'nirala' aur sumitranandan pant jaise chhayavadi prakriti upasak-saundary poojak kaviyoan ka yug kaha jata hai. 'dvivedi yug' ki pratikriya ka parinam hi 'chhayavadi yug' hai. is yug mean hindi sahity mean gady gitoan, bhav taralata, rahasyatmak aur marmasparshi kalpana, rashtriyata aur svatantr chintan adi ka samavesh hota chala gaya. is samay ki hindi kavita ke aantarang aur bahirang mean ekadam parivartan ho gaya. vastu niroopan ke sthan par anubhooti niroopan ko pradhanata prapt huee thi. prakriti ka pranamay pradesh kavita mean aya. jayashankar prasad, sooryakaant tripathi 'nirala', sumitranandan pant aur mahadevi varma 'chhayavadi yug' ke char pramukh stanbh mane jate haian.

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mukhy kavi aur unaki rachanaean

jayashankar prasad, sooryakaant tripathi 'nirala', sumitranandan pant aur mahadevi varma is yug ke char pramukh stanbh kahe jate haian. 'chhayavad' ka keval pahala arthath mool arth lekar to hindi kavy kshetr mean chalane vali mahadevi varma hi haian. ramakumar varma, makhanalal chaturvedi, harivansharay bachchan aur ramadhari sianh dinakar ko bhi 'chhayavad' ne prabhavit kiya. kiantu ramakumar varma age chalakar natakakar ke roop mean prasiddh hue, makhanalal chaturvedi rashtravadi dhara ki or rahe, bachchan ne prem ke rag ko mukhar kiya aur dinakar ji ne vidroh ki ag ko avaz di. any kaviyoan mean harikrishna 'premi', janaki vallabh shastri, bhagavaticharan varma, udayashankar bhatt, narendr sharma, rameshvar shukl 'aanchal' ke nam bhi ullekhaniy haian. inaki rachanaean nimnanusar haian-

jayashankar prasad (1889-1936 ee.) ke kavy sangrah-

'chitradhar' (braj bhasha mean rachit kavitaean), 'kanan-kusum', 'maharana ka mahattv', 'karunalay', 'jharana', 'aansoo', 'lahar' aur 'kamayani'.

sumitranandan pant (1900-1977ee.) ke kavy sangrah-

'vina', 'granthi', 'pallav', 'guanjan', 'yugaant', 'yugavani', 'gramya', 'svarn-kiran', 'svarn-dhooli', 'yugantar', 'uttara', 'rajat-shikhar', 'shilpi', 'pratima', 'sauvarn', 'vani', 'chidanbara', 'rashmibandh', 'kala aur boodha chaand', 'abhishekit', 'harish suri sunahari ter', 'lokayatan', 'kiran vina'.

sooryakaant tripathi 'nirala' (1898-1961 ee.) ke kavy-sangrah-

'anamika', 'parimal', 'gitika', 'tulasidas', 'aradhana', 'kukuramutta', 'anima', 'ne patte', 'bela', 'archana'.

mahadevi varma (1907-1988 ee.) ki kavy rachanaean-

'rashmi', 'nihar', 'niraja', 'saandhyagit', 'dipashikha', 'yama'.

d aau. ramakumar varma ki kavy rachanaean-

'aanjali', 'rooparashi', 'chitau d ki chita', 'chandrakiran', 'abhishap', 'nishith', 'chitrarekha', 'vir hamir', 'ekalavy'.

harikrishna 'premi' ki kavy rachanaean-

'akhoan mean', 'anant ke path par', 'roopadarshan', 'jadoogarani', 'agnigan', 'svarnavihan'.

kavy ki pravrittiyaan

1. vaiyaktikata
2. prakriti-sauandary aur prem ki vyanjana
3. shrangarikata
4. rahasyanubhooti
5. tattv chiantan
6. vedana aur karuna ki vivritti
7. manavatavadi drishtikon
8. nari ke prati navin drishtikon
9. adarshavad
10. svachchhandatavad
11. desh-prem evan rashtriy bhavana
12. pratikatmakata
13. chitratmak bhasha evan lakshanik padavali
14. geyata
15. alankar-vidhan

braj bhasha ka kavy

'chhayavadi yug' mean kaviyoan ka ek varg aisa bhi tha, jo sooradas, tulasidas, senapati, bihari aur ghananand jaisi samarth pratibha sanpann kavy-dhara ko jivit rakhane ke lie brajabhasha mean kavy rachana kar rahe the. 'bharateandu yug' mean jahaan brajabhasha ka kavy prachur matra mean likha gaya, vahian chhayavad ate-ate brajabhasha mean gaun roop se kavy rachana likhi jati rahian. in kaviyoan ka mat tha ki brajabhasha mean kavy ki lanbi parampara ne use kavy ke anukool bana diya hai. chhayavadi yug mean brajabhasha mean kavy rachana karane vale kaviyoan mean ramanath jotisi, ramachandr shukl, ray krishnadas, jagadanba prasad mishr 'hitaishi', dulare lal bhargav, viyogi hari, balkrishna sharma 'navin', anoop sharma, rameshvar 'karun', kishoridas vajapeyi, umashankar vajapeyi 'umesh' pramukh haian.

1. ramanath jotisi ki rachanaoan mean 'ramachandroday' mukhy hai. isamean ramakatha ko yug ke anuroop prastut kiya gaya hai. is kavy par keshav ki 'ramachandrika' ka prabhav lakshit hota hai. vibhinn chhandoan ka saphal prayog hua hai.
2. ramachandr shukl, jo moolat: alochak the, ne 'edavin arnald' ke akhyan kavy 'lait aauf eshiya' ka 'buddhacharit' shirshak se bhavanuvad kiya. shukl ji ki bhasha saral aur vyavaharik hai.
3. ray krishnadas krit 'brajaras', jagadamba prasad mishr 'hitaishi' dvara rachit 'kavitt-savaiye' aur dularelal bhargav ki 'dulare-dohavali' is kal ki pramukh v ullekhaniy rachanaean haian.
4. viyogi hari ki 'vir satasee' mean rashtriy bhavanaoan ki shreshth abhivyakti huee hai.
5. balkrishna sharma 'navin' ne anek sphut rachanaean likhian. lekin inaka brajabhasha ka vaishishtay 'oormmila' mahakavy mean lakshit hota hai, jahaan inhoanne urmila ka ujjval charitr-chitran kiya hai.
6. anoop sharma ke champoo kavy 'pheri-milibo' (1938) mean kurukshetr mean radha aur krishna ke punarmilan ka marmik varnan hai.
7. rameshvar 'karun' ki 'karun-satasee' (1930) mean karuna, anubhooti ki tivrata aur samasyamoolak anek vyangyoan ko dekha ja sakata hai.
8. kishori das vajapeyi ki 'tarangini' mean rachana ki drishti se prachinata aur navinata ka suandar samanvay dekha ja sakata hai.
9. umashankar vajapeyi 'umesh' ki rachanaoan mean bhi bhasha aur sanvedana ki drishti se navinata dikhaee p dati hai.

in rachanaoan mean navinata aur chhayavadi kavy ki sookshmata prakat huee hai, yadi is bhasha ka kavy pariman mean adhik hota to yah kal brajabhasha ka chhayavad sabit hota.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh