घनानन्द
hindi bhasha ke ritikal ke kavi ghananand [janm- 1689 eesvi - mrityu- 1739 eesvi (lagabhag)] ke sambandh mean nishchit janakari nahian hai. kuchh log inaka janmasthan uttar pradesh ke janapad bulandashahar ko manate haian. janm 1658 se 1689 eesvi ke bich aur nidhan 1739 eesvi (lagabhag) mana jata hai. inaka nidhan abdali durrani dvara mathura mean kiye gaye katleam mean hua tha. ghananand shrriangar dhara ke kavi the. ye sakhibhav se shrikrishna ki upasana karate the. virakt hone se pahale ye bahadurashah ke mir muanshi the. vahian par sujan namak nartaki se inaka prem ho gaya tha. inhoanne apani premika ko sambodhit karake hi apani kavy rachanayean ki haian. kuchh vidvanh inaki rachanaoan mean adhyatmikata bhi manate haian.
jivan parichay
janm
ghananand ke jivan ke lagabhag sabhi mahattvapoorn tathy vivadaspad haian . jaise nam, janm-sthan, rachanaean, janm-tithi ityadi . inaki janm-tithi ke sanbandh mean bhi vidvanoan ki vibhinn manyataean haian . lala bhagavanadin ne ghananand ka janm sanvath 1715 mana hai, parantu shukl ji ne is janm savant ko n manakar san, 1746 mean inaka janm mana hai . isi prakar any alochakoan ne inaki janm-tithi ke vishay mean apane mat die haian, parantu inaki janm-tithi ka abhi tak kuchh pata nahian chala hai- keval savant ke vishay mean vivad hai . atah ham keval janm ke savant ke vishay mean hi likh sakate haian - janm-tithi atit ke aandhakar mean poornatah lupt ho chuki hai. vibhinn alochakoan ke matoan ki alochana karane ke pashchath d aau. manoharalal gau d ne apani pustak ‘ghananand aur svachchhand kavyadhara’ mean likha hai- ‘samvath 1730 mean inaka janm man lene par diksha ke samay ye 26 ya 29 varsh ke hote haian, jo inake jivan-vritt ko dekhakar thik pratit hota hai.’[1]
ghananand aur sujan
ghananand ke kavy mean ‘sujan’ ka hi varnan milata hai- par yah sujan kaun thi, isaka vivechan bhi avashyak ho jata hai . ghananand muhammadashah rangile ke darabar mean khas-kalam (praivet sekretari) the . is par bhi - farasi mean mahir the- ek to kavi aur doosare saras gayak. pratibhasanpann hone ke karan badashah ka in par vishash anugrah tha. muhammadashah rangile ke darabar ki ek nrity-gayan vidya mean nipun sujan namak veshya se inako prem ho gaya. idhar sujan ki in par anurakti aur doosari or badashah ke khas-kalam-in donoan batoan se ghananand ki unnati se sabhi darabari man hi mean eershya karate the. aantatah unhoanne ek aisa shadyantr racha, jisamean ghananand poori tarah se lut ge. darabari logoan ne muhammadashah rangile se kaha ki ghananand bahut achchha gate haian. unaki bat manakar badashah ne ek din inhean gane ke lie kaha, par ye itane svabhimani aur manamauji vyakti the ki gana gane se inhoanne inakar kar diya . darabari logoan ko is bat ka pata tha ki badashah ke kahane se ye kabhi gana nahian gaeange aur hua bhi vahi. darabari log isi gh di ki to pratiksha kar rahe the. unahoanne badashah se kaha ki yadi sujan ko bulaya jae aur vah ghananand se anurodh kare to ye avashy gana gaeange aur yah hua bhi. badashah ki ajna se sujan veshya darabar mean bulaee gee aur usake kahane par ghananand ne gana sunaya - sujan ki or muanh karake aur badashah ki aur pith karake, parantu itani tanmayata se gana sunaya ki badashah aur sabhi darabari mantr-mugdh ho ge. parantu badashah jitane hi anand-vibhor gana sunate samay hue the, utane hi kupit gana samapt hone ke bad hue . yah unaki beadabi thi ki sujan ka kaha unase badhakar ho gaya . phalatah krodhit hokar unhoanne tatkal ghananand ko darabar v rajy chho dane ka adesh diya. darabariyoan ki chahat poorn ho chuki thi. ghananand ne chalate samay sujan se sath chalane ka agrah kiya, parantu usane apane jatiy gun ki raksha ki aur ghananand ke sath jana asvikar kar diya. jan aur jahan donoan hi lutakar ghananand ne vriandavan ki or mukh kiya. jivan se inhean poorn virakti ho chuki thi . vriandavan mean unhoanne nimbark sanpraday mean diksha li.[1]
mrityu
ghananand ki mrityu-tithi bhi unaki janm-tithi ke saman hi vivadaspad hai. ghananand ki abhilasha thi ki ve braj-raj mean lotate hue hi apane pran tyagean aur unaki yah ichchha bhagavan krishna ne poori kar di. is bat ki pushti ‘radha-krishna granthavali’ mean ek sthan par milati hai- ‘suna hai, mathura mean katleam karane valoan se unhoanne kaha ki mujhe talavar ke ghav tho di-tho di der tak do. inako jyoan-jyoan talavar ke ghav lagate ge, tyoan-tyoan ye braj-raj mean lotate rahe aur aise deh tyag di.[1]
kritiyaan
apane vyaktitv ki bhaanti hi ghananand ka krititv bhi ritikalin any kaviyoan ki apeksha adhik vyapak aur gahari bhavabhoomi par pratishthit hai. achary vishvanathaprasad mishr ne 'ghananand granthavali' ke aantargat inaki nimnalikhit rachanaoan ko sthan diya hai :
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh