मराठा शासन और सैन्य व्यवस्था

hindoo tatha musalaman shasan evan sainy vyavastha ka mishrit roop hai. isaka sootrapat shivaji ne kiya, isamean samast rajyashakti raja ke hath mean rahati thi. vah ashtapradhanoan ki sahayata se shasan karata tha, jinaki niyukti vah svayan karata tha. apani ichchhanusar vah jab chahe unhean apane pad se hata sakata tha. ashtapradhanoan ka neta peshava kahalata tha. usaka pad pradhanamantri ke saman tha. any sat vitt, lekhagar, patrachar, vaideshik mamale, sena, dharmik krity evan dan tatha nyay vibhag ke pradhan hote the. dharmik tatha nyay vibhagoan ke pradhanoan ko chho dakar baki ashtapradhan sainy adhikari bhi hote the. jab ve sainy-seva mean rahate the, unaka prashasakiy kary unake nayab karate the.

ashtapradhanoan ke nayaboan ki niyukti bhi raja karata tha. malagujari ki vasooli ka kary pateloan ke hathoan mean tha. bhoomi ki upaj ka ek tihaee bhag malagujari ke roop mean vasool kiya jata tha. bhoomi ka vistrit sarvekshan kiya jata tha aur urvarata ke anusar usaka char shreniyoan mean vargikaran kiya jata tha. videshi athava mugal niyantran mean jo bhoomi hoti thi, us par do prakar ke kar liye jate the. ek ko 'saradeshamukhi' kahate the. yah malagujari ek-dasavean bhag ke barabar hota tha. doosara 'chauth' kahalata tha. yah malagujari ke ek-chauthaee bhag ke barabar hota tha. chauth dene vale ko loota nahian jata tha. isalie maharashtr se bahar ke logoan ki drishti mean maratha shasan vyavastha loot-khasot par adharit mani jati thi. maratha samrajy ke vistar ke sath loot-khasot ki yah pratritti badhati gayi aur svarajy ki bhavana ke adhar par sare desh par maratha shasan sthapit hone mean badhak siddh huee.

shivaji ne shasan vyavastha ke sath-sath sena ki bhi vyavastha ki. sena mean mukhy roop se paidal sainik tatha ghu dasavar hote the. yah sena chhapamar yuddh tatha parvatiy kshetroan mean l dane ke lie bahut upayukt thi. raja svayan sainik ka chunav karata tha. vetan ya to naqad diya jata tha ya zila prashasan ko supurd kar diya jata tha. shivaji ne vetan ke lie jagirean dene ki pratha nahian chalaee. sena mean k da anushasan rakha jata tha aur sainikoan ko shivir mean striyoan ko sath rakhane ki anumati nahian thi. sainik loot ka sara mal rajy ko sauanp dete the. sena ko bhari shastrastr athava shiviroan ke lie bhari asabab lekar nahian chalana p data tha. shivaji ne ghu dasavaroan ko do shreniyoan mean baant rakha tha. 'baragiriyoan' ko gho de tatha shastrastr rajy ki or se milate the. 'silahadaroan' ko gho doan aur shastrastroan ki svayan vyavastha karani p dati thi. sena ka niyantran karane ke lie kramik riti se nayakoan, jumaladaroan, hazariyoan aur panjahazariyoan ki niyukti ki jati thi. in sabake oopar aur ek saranaubat ghu dasavar sena ke oopar hota tha. samast sena ke oopar senapati rahata tha. maharashtr ke parvatiy kshetr mean qiloan ka bahut mahattv tha aur shivaji ne apane rajy ke sabhi mahattvapoorn darroan par qile sthapit kar diye the aur unamean sainikoan tatha rasad ki uttam vyavastha ki thi. marathoan ka sara mulki tatha sainik prashasan raja ke pratyaksh niyantran mean rahata tha. phalasvaroop raja ke oopar bahut adhik kartavy bhar p d jata tha. bad ke maratha shasak apane uttaradayitvoan ko sucharoo riti se vahan nahian kar paye. phalasvaroop maratha shasan evan sainy vyavastha mean shithilata a gayi aur jab usako aangrezoan ki adhunik sainy-vyavastha ka muqabala karana p da, vah viphal siddh huee.

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