राजनीति में जवाहरलाल नेहरू

javaharalal neharoo vishay soochi

parivar    rajaniti mean    svatantrata mean yogadan    pradhanamantri pad    prerak prasang

rajaniti mean javaharalal neharoo
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poora nam	pandit javaharalal neharoo
any nam	chacha neharoo, pandit ji
janm	14 navambar, 1889
janm bhoomi	ilahabad, uttar pradesh
mrityu	27 mee, 1964
mrityu sthan	dilli
mrityu karan	dil ka daura
abhibhavak	pan. motilal neharoo aur svaroop rani
pati/patni	kamala neharoo
santan	iandira gaandhi
smarak	shaantivan, dilli
nagarikata	bharatiy
parti	bharatiy rashtriy kaangres
pad	bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri
kary kal	15 agast 1947-27 mee 1964
shiksha	bairistar
vidyalay	ianglaind ke hairo skool, keanbrij ke triniti k aaulej
bhasha	hindi, aangrezi
jel yatra	nau bar jel yatra ki
puraskar-upadhi	bharat ratn samman
sanbandhit lekh	jaliyaanvala bag, mahatma gaandhi, saradar patel, iandira gaandhi
rachanaean	vishv itihas ki jhalak, bharat ki khoj adi
any janakari	neharoo ji ka janm divas 14 navanbar poore desh mean bal divas ke roop mean manaya jata hai.

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bharat lautane ke bad neharooji ne pahale vakil ke roop mean sthapit hone ka prayas kiya lekin apane pita ke viparit unaki is peshe mean koee khas ruchi nahian thi aur unhean vakalat aur vakiloan ka sath, donoan hi napasand the. us samay vah apani pidhi ke kee any logoan ki bhaanti bhitar se ek aise rashtravadi the, jo apane desh ki azadi ke lie betab ho, lekin apane adhikaansh samakalinoan ki tarah use hasil karane ki thos yojanaean n bana paya ho.

gaandhi ji se mulakat

1916 ee. ke lakhanoo adhiveshan mean ve sarvapratham mahatma gaandhi ke sampark mean aye. gaandhi unase 20 sal b de the. donoan mean se kisi ne bhi aranbh mean ek-doosare ko bahut prabhavit nahian kiya. baharahal, 1929 mean kaangres ke aitihasik lahaur adhiveshan ka adhyaksh chune jane tak neharoo bharatiy rajaniti mean agrani bhoomika mean nahian a pae the. is adhiveshan mean bharat ke rajanitik lakshy ke roop mean sanpoorn svarajy ki ghoshana ki gee. usase pahale mukhy lakshy aupaniveshik sthiti ki maang tha. neharoo ji ke shabdoan mean:-

kutilata ki niti ant mean chalakar fayademand nahian hoti. ho sakata hai ki asthayi taur par isase kuchh fayada ho jae.

[[chitr:Jawaharlal-Nehru-And-Mahatma-Gandhi.jpg|thumb|javaharalal neharoo aur mahatma gaandhi|left]]

agar ham is desh ki garibi ko door kareange, to qanoonoan se nahian, shoragul machake nahian, shikayat karake nahian, balki mehanat karake. ek-ek adami boodha aur chhota, mard , aurat aur bachcha mehanat karega. hamare samane aram nahian hai.

samay ke sath-sath pan. neharoo ki ruchi bharatiy rajaniti mean badhati gayi. jaliyaanvala bag hatyakand ki jaanch mean deshabandhu chitaranjanadas evan mahatma gaandhi ke sahayogi rahe aur 1921 ke asahayog andolan mean to mahatma gaandhi ke atyadhik nikat sampark mean a gaye. yah sambandh samay ki gati ke sath-sath dridhatar hota gaya aur usaki samapti keval mahatma gaandhi ji ki mrityu se hi huee.

gaandhi ji ke anuyayi ke roop mean

neharoo ki atmakatha se bharatiy rajaniti mean unaki gahari ruchi ka pata chalata hai. unhian dinoan apane pita ko likhe ge patroan se bharat ki svatantrata mean un donoan ki saman ruchi dikhaee deti hai. lekin gaandhi se mulaqat hone tak pita aur putr mean svatantrata prapti ke lie nishchit yojanaoan ka vikas nahian hua tha. gaandhi ne unhean rajaniti mean apana anuyayi bana liya. gaandhi dvara karm par bal die jane ke gun se vah donoan prabhavit hue. mahatma gaandhi ka tark tha ki galati ki sirf nianda hi nahian, balki pratirodh bhi kiya jana chahie. isase pahale neharoo aur unake pita samakalin bharatiy rajanitijnoan ka tiraskar karate the, jinaka rashtravad, kuchh apavadoan ko chho dakar lanbe bhashanoan aur prastavoan tak simit tha. gaandhi dvara gret briten ke khilaf bina bhay ya ghrina ke l dane par zor dene se bhi javaharalal bahut prabhavit hue.

jel yatra

[[chitr:Gandhi-Patel-Nehru.png|thumb|250px|mahatma gaandhi, saradar vallabh bhaee patel aur javaharalal neharoo]]

kaangres parti ke sath neharoo ka ju dav 1919 mean pratham vishv yuddh ke turant bad aranbh hua. is kal mean rashtravadi gatividhiyoan ki lahar zoroan par thi aur aprail 1919 ko amritasar ke narasanhar ke roop mean sarakari daman khulakar samane aya; sthaniy british sena kamaandar ne apani tuk diyoan ko nihatthe bharatiyoan ki ek sabha par goli chalane ka hukm diya, jisamean 379 log mare gaye aur kam se kam 1,200 ghayal hue. neharoo ji ke shabdoan mean:-

bharat ki seva ka arth, karo doan pi ditoan ki seva hai. isaka arth daridrata aur ajnan, aur avasar ki vishamata ka ant karana hai. hamari pidhi ke sabase b de adami ki yah akaanksha rahi hai-ki pratyek aankh ke pratyek aansoo ko poanchh diya jae. aisa karana hamari shakti se bahar ho sakata hai, lekin jab tak aansoo haian aur pi da hai, tab tak hamara kam poora nahian hoga.

tin moorti bhavan, javaharalal neharoo ka nivas, dilli
Teen Murti Bhavan, Nehru's Residence |thumb|left 1921 ke akhir mean jab kaangres parti ke pramukh netaoan aur karyakartaoan ko kuchh praantoan mean gair qanooni ghoshit kar diya gaya, tab pahali bar neharoo jel gaye. agale 24 varsh mean unhean ath bar bandi banaya gaya, jinamean se aantim aur sabase lanba bandikal, lagabhag tin varsh ka karavas joon 1945 mean samapt hua. neharoo ne kul milakar nau varsh se zyada samay jeloan mean bitaya. apane svabhav ke anuroop hi unhoanne apani jel-yatraoan ko asamany rajanitik gatividhi vale jivan ke aantaraloan ke roop mean varnit kiya hai.

vyapak kshetroan ki yatra

kaangres ke sath unaka rajanitik prashikshan 1919 se 1929 tak chala. 1923 mean aur phir 1927 mean vah do-do varsh ke lie parti ke mahasachiv bane. unaki ruchiyoan aur zimmedariyoan ne unhean bharat ke vyapak kshetroan ki yatra ka avasar pradan kiya, visheshakar unake grih pradesh sanyukt praant ka, jahaan unhean ghor garibi aur kisanoan ki badahali ki pahali jhalak mili aur jisane in mahattvapoorn samasyaoan ko door karane ki unaki mool yojanaoan ko prabhavit kiya. yadyapi unaka kuchh-kuchh jhukav samajavad ki or tha, lekin unaka sudharavad kisi nishchit dhaanche mean dhala hua nahian tha. 1926-27 mean unaki yoorop tatha soviyat sangh ki yatra ne unake arthik aur rajanitik chiantan ko poori tarah prabhavit kar diya. neharoo ji ne kaha tha:-

antarrashtriy drishti se, aj ka b da saval vishvashanti ka hai. aj hamare lie yahi vikalp hai ki ham duniya ko usake apane roop mean hi svikar karean. ham desh ko is bat ki svatantrata dete rahe ki vah apane dhang se apana vikas kare aur doosaroan se sikhe, lekin doosare us par apani koee chiz nahian thopean. nishchay hi isake lie ek nee manasik vidha chahie. panchashil ya paanch siddhant yahi vidha batate haian.

marksavad aur samajavadi vicharadhara mean neharoo ki vastavik ruchi isi yatra se paida huee, yadyapi isase unake samyavadi siddhaantoan aur vyavahar ke jnan mean koee khas vriddhi nahian huee. bad mean jel yatraoan ke dauran unhean adhik gaharaee se marksavad ke adhyayan ka mauqa mila. isake siddhaantoan mean unaki ruchi thi, lekin isake kuchh tariqoan se vikarshit hone ke karan vah karl marks ki kritiyoan ko sare prashnoan ka uttar dene vale shastroan ke roop mean svikar nahian kar pae. phir bhi marksavad hi unaki arthik vicharadhara ka manadand raha, jisamean avashyakata p dane par bharatiy paristhitiyoan ke anusar pherabadal kiya gaya.

pahala chunav prachar

desh ke pahale pradhanamantri javaharalal neharoo ka pahala chunav prachar bhi yadagar hai. ek kameantetar ke mutabiq kaangres ka chunav prachar keval neharoo par kendrit tha. chunav mean neharoo ne s dak, rel, pani aur havaee jahaz sabhi ka sahara liya. unhoanne 25,000 mil ki doori tay ki. 18,000 mil havaee jahaz se, 5200 mil kar se, 1600 mil tren se aur 90 mil nav se. chunav ayog ke lie rahat ki bat ye thi ki niraksharata ke bavajood poore desh mean 60 pratishat votiang huee. jabaki pahale lokasabha chunavoan mean kaangres ko sabase zyada 364 sitean mili thi.

rajyoan ka punargathan

neharoo ke samay mean ek aur aham faisala bhashaee adhar par rajyoan ke punargathan ka tha. isake lie rajy punargathan qanoon (1956) pas kiya gaya. azadi ke bad bharat mean rajyoan ki simaoan mean hua yah sabase b da badalav tha. isake tahat 14 rajyoan aur chhah keandr shasit pradeshoan ki sthapana huee. isi qanoon ke tahat keral aur b aaumbe ko rajy ka darja mila. sanvidhan mean ek naya anuchchhed jo da gaya jisake tahat bhashaee alpasankhyakoan ko unaki matribhasha mean shiksha prapt karane ka adhikar mila.

sanbandhit lekh

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