चालुक्य साम्राज्य
dakshinapath maury samrajy ke aantargat tha. jab maury samratoan ki shakti shithil huee, aur bharat mean anek pradesh unaki adhinata se mukt hokar svatantr hone lage, to dakshinapath mean satavahan vansh ne apane ek prithak rajy ki sthapana ki. kalantar mean is satavahan vansh ka bahut hi utkarsh hua, aur isane magadh par bhi apana adhipaty sthapit kar liya. shakoan ke sath nirantar sangharsh ke karan jab is rajavansh ki shakti kshin huee, to dakshinapath mean anek ne rajavanshoan ka pradurbhav hua, jisamean vakatak, kadamb aur pallav vansh ke nam vishesh roop se ullekhaniy hai.
vatapi ka chaluky vansh
vakatak vansh ke raja b de pratapi the, aur unhoanne videshi kushanoan ki shakti ka kshay karane mean bahut adhik kartritv pradarshit kiya tha. in rajaoan ne apani vijayoan ke upalakshy mean anek ashvamedh yajnoan ka bhi anushthan kiya. paanchavian sadi ke prarambh mean guptoan ke utkarsh ke karan is vansh ke rajy ki svatantr satta ka ant hua. kadamb vansh ka rajy uttari kanara belagaanv aur dharava d ke pradeshoan mean tha. pratapi gupt samratoan ne ise bhi gupt samrajy ki adhinata mean lane mean saphalata prapt ki thi. pallav vansh ki rajadhani kaanchi (kanjivaram) thi, aur samrat samudragupt ne usaki bhi vijay ki thi. gupt samrajy ke kshin hone par uttari bharat ke saman dakshinapath mean bhi anek rajavanshoan ne svatantratapoorvak shasan karana prarambh kiya. dakshinapath ke in rajyoan mean chaluky aur rashtrakoot vanshoan ke dvara sthapit rajy pradhan the. unake atirikt devagiri ke yadav, varangal ke kakatiy, koankan ke shilahar, banavasi ke kadamb, talakad ke gang aur dvarasamudr ke hoyasal vanshoan ne bhi is yug mean dakshinapath ke vividh pradeshoan par shasan kiya. jis prakar uttari bharat mean vividh rajavanshoan ke pratapi v mahatvakaankshi raja vijay yatraean karane aur any rajaoan ko jitakar apana utkarsh karane ke lie tatpar rahate the, vahi dasha dakshinapath mean bhi thi.
- pulakeshi pratham
- kirtivarma
- pulakeshi dvitiy
- vikramadity pratham (655--681)
- vinayadity
- vijayadity
- vikramadity dvitiy
- kirtivarma dvitiy
chaluky shakti ka ant
vikramadity dvitiy ke bad 744 ee. ke lagabhag kirtivarma dvitiy vishal chaluky samrajy ka svami bana. par vah apane poorvajoan dvara sthapit samrajy ko qayam rakhane mean asamarth raha. dantidurg namak rashtrakoot neta ne use parast kar maharashtr mean ek ne rajavansh ki nianv dali, aur dhire-dhire rashtrakootoan ka yah vansh itana shaktishali ho gaya, ki chalukyoan ka ant kar dakshinapath par apana adhipaty sthapit kar liya. chalukyoan ke rajy ka ant 753 ee. ke lagabhag hua. vatapi ke chaluky raja n keval vir aur vijeta the, apitu unhoanne sahity, vastukala adi ke sanrakshan v sanvardhan ki or bhi apana dhyan diya.
kalyani ka chaluky vansh
rashtrakootoan se pahale dakshinapath mean chalukyoan ka adhipaty tha. unhian ko parast kar rashtrakootoan ne apani shakti ko sthapit kiya tha. par antim rashtrakoot raja kark ka uchchhed kar chalukyoan ne ek bar phir apani shakti ka punaruddhar kiya. rashtrakootoan ke shasan kal mean chalukyoan ka moolonmoolan nahian ho gaya tha. apane apakarsh ke kal mean chaluky vansh ke raja rashtrakootoan ke samant roop mean apane kshetr mean nivas karate rahe the. jis raja tailap ne kark ya karak ko parast kar apane vansh ka utkarsh kiya, shuroo mean usaki sthiti bhi samant ki hi thi. rashtrakootoan ki nirbalata se labh uthakar tailap ne n keval apane ko svatantr kar liya, apitu shighr hi sare dakshinapath par apana shasan sthapit kar liya. pahale chalukyavansh ki rajadhani vatapi thi, par is naye chaluky vansh ne kalyani ko rajadhani banakar apani shakti ka vistar kiya. isilie ye 'kalyani ke chaluky' kahalate haian.
- tailap
- satyashray
- vikramadity pancham
- jayasianh jagadekamall
- someshvar pratham ahavamall
- someshvar dvitiy bhuvanaikamall
- vikramadity shashth
- someshvar tritiy
chaluky vansh ka ant
someshvar tritiy ke bad kalyani ke chaluky vansh ka kshay shuroo ho gaya. 1138 ee. mean someshvar ki mrityu ho jane par usaka putr jagadekamall dvitiy raja bana. is raja ke shasan kal mean chalukyoan mean nirbalata a gee. anhilava da kumarapal (1143-1171) ke jagadekamall ke sath anek yuddh hue, jinamean kumarapal vijayi hua.
1151 ee. mean jagadekamall ki mrityu ke bad tail ne kalyani ka rajasianhasan prapt kiya. usaka mantri v senapati vijjal tha, jo kalachuri vansh ka tha. vijjal itana shaktishali vyakti tha, ki usane raja tail ko apane hathoan mean kathaputali ke saman bana rakha tha. bahut se samant usake hathoan mean the. unaki sahayata se 1156 ee. ke lagabhag vijjal ne tail ko rajyachyut kar svayan kalyani ki rajagaddi par apana adhikar kar liya, aur vasav ko apana mantri niyukt kiya.
bharat ke dharmik itihas mean vasav ka bahut adhik mahatv hai. vah liangayat sampraday ka pravartak tha. jisaka dakshini bharat mean bahut prachar hua. vijjal svayan jain tha, atah raja aur mantri mean virodh utpann ho gaya. isake parinamasvaroop vasav ne vijjal ki hatya kar di. vijjal ke bad usake putr sovidev ne rajy prapt kiya, aur vasav ki shakti ko apane qaboo mean lane mean saphalata prapt ki. dharmik virodh ke karan vijjal aur sovidev ke samay mean jo avyavastha utpann ho gee thi, chaluky raja tail ke putr someshvar chaturth ne usase labh uthaya, aur 1183 ee. mean sovidev ko parast kar chaluky kul ke gaurav ko phir se sthapit kiya. par chalukyoan ki yah shakti der tak sthir nahian rah saki. vijjal aur sovidev ke samay mean kalyani ke rajy mean jo avyavastha utpann ho gee thi, usake karan bahut se samant v adhinasth raja svatantr ho ge, aur any anek rajavanshoan ke pratapi v mahatvakaankshi rajaoan ne vijay yatraean kar apani shakti ka utkarsh shuroo kar diya. in pratapi rajaoan mean devagiri ke yadav raja bhillam ka nam vishesh roop se ullekhaniy hai. 1187 ee. mean bhillam ne chaluky raja someshvar chaturth ko parast kar kalyani par adhikar kar liya, aur is prakar pratapi chaluky vansh ka ant hua.
veangi ka chaluky vansh
prachin samay mean chalukyoan ke anek rajavanshoan ne dakshinapath v gujarat mean shasan kiya tha. inamean se anhilava da (gujarat) vatapi aur kalyani ko rajadhani banakar shasan karane vale chaluky vansh the. par in tinoan ke atirikt chaluky ka ek any vansh bhi tha, jisaki rajadhani veangi thi. yah itihas mean 'poorvi chaluky' ke nam se vikhyat hai, kyoanki isaka rajy chalukyoan ke mukhy rajavansh (jisane kalyani ko rajadhani banakar shasan kiya) ke rajy se poorv mean sthit tha. inase prithaktv pradarshit karane ke lie kalyani ke rajavansh ko 'pashchimi chaluky rajavansh' bhi kaha jata hai. itihas mean veangi ke poorvi chaluky vansh ka bahut adhik mahatv nahian hai, kyoanki usake rajaoan ne n kisi b de samrajy ke nirman mean saphalata prapt ki, aur n door-door tak vijay yatraean kian. par kyoanki kuchh samay tak usake rajaoan ne bhi svatantr roop se rajy kiya, atah unake sambandh mean bhi sankshipt vivaran prapt hota hai.
- jis samay vatapi ke prasiddh chaluky samrat pulakeshi dvitiy ne (satavian sadi ke poorvardh mean) dakshinapath mean apane vishal samrajy ki sthapana ki, usane apane chhote bhaee kubj vishnuvardhan ko veangi ka shasan karane ke lie niyukt kiya tha. vishnuvardhan ki sthiti ek prantiy shasak ke saman thi, aur vah pulakeshi dvitiy ki or se hi krishnaa aur godavari nadiyoan ke madhyavarti pradesh ka shasan karata tha. par usaka putr jayasianh pratham poornataya svatantr ho gaya tha, aur is prakar poorvi chaluky vansh ka pradurbhav hua. is vansh ke svatantr rajy ka prarambhakal satavian sadi ke madhy bhag mean tha.
- jab tak vatapi mean madhy chaluky vansh ki shakti qayam rahi, veangi ke poorvi chalukyoan ko apane utkarsh ka avasan nahian mil saka. par jab 753 ee. mean lagabhag rashtakoot dantidurg dvara vatapi ke chaluky rajy ka ant kar diya gaya, to veangi ke rajavansh mean anek aise pratapi raja hue, jinhoanne rashtrakootoan aur any p dosi rajaoan par akraman karake unake sath yuddh kiya. *inamean vikramadity dvitiy (lagabhag 799-843) aur vijayadity tritiy (843-888) ke nam vishesh roop se ullekhaniy haian. in donoan rajaoan ne rashtakootoan ke muqabale mean apane rajy ki svatantr satta qayam rakhane mean saphalata prapt ki. inake uttaradhikari chaluky raja bhi apani svatantrata ki raksha karane mean saphal rahe.
- dasavian sadi ke antim bhag mean veangi ko ek nayi vipatti ka samana karana p da. jo cholaraj rajaraj pratham (985-1014) ke roop mean thi. is samay tak dakshinapath mean rashtakootoan ki shakti ka ant ho chuka tha, aur kalyani ko apani rajadhani banakar chaluky ek bar phir dakshinapathapati ban ge the. rajaraj pratham ne n keval kalyani ke chaluky raja satyashray ko parast kiya, apitu veangi ke chaluky raja par bhi akraman kiya. is samay veangi ke rajasianhasan par shaktivarma virajaman tha. usane chol akranta ka muqabala karane ke lie bahut prayatn kiya, aur anek yuddhoan mean use saphalata bhi prapt huee, par usake uttaradhikari vimaladity (1011-1018) ne yahi uchit samajha, ki shaktishali chol samrat ki adhinata svikar kar li jae.
- rajaraj pratham ne vimaladity ke sath apani putri ka vivah kar use apana sambandhi v param sahayak bana liya. vimaladity ke bad usaka putr vishnuvardhan poorvi chaluky rajy ka svami bana. usaka vivah bhi cholavansh ki hi ek kumari ke sath hua tha. usaka putr rajendr tha, jo kulottuang ke nam se veangi ka raja bana. usaka vivah bhi ek chol rajakumari ke sath hua, aur vivahoan ke karan veangi ke chaluky kul aur cholaraj ka sambandh bahut ghanishth ho gaya.
- cholaraja adhirajendr ke koee santan nahian thi. vah 1070 ee. mean chol rajy ka svami bana, aur usi sal usaki mrityu bhi ho gee. is dasha mean veangi ke chaluky raja rajendr kulottuang ne chol vansh ka rajy bhi prapt kar liya, kyoanki vah chale rajakumari ka putr tha. is prakar chol rajy aur veangi ka poorvi chaluky rajy paraspar mil kar ek ho ge, aur rajendr kulottuang ke vanshaj in donoan rajyoan par do sadi ke lagabhag tak shasan karate rahe. 1070 ke bad veangi ke rajavansh ki apani koee prithak satta nahian rah gayi thi.
- kalyani ke chaluky vansh ka dakshinapath ke b de bhag par unaka adhipaty tha, aur anek pratapi chaluky rajaoan ne dakshin mean chol, paandy aur keral tak v uttar mean bang, magadh aur nepal tak vijay yatraean ki thian. par jab barahavian sadi ke antim bhag mean chalukyoan ki shakti kshin huee, to unake anek samant raja svatantr ho ge, aur apane-apane kshetr mean svatantr roop se shasan karane lage. jis prakar uttari bharat mean gurjar pratihar samrajy ke hras kal mean anek chhote-b de rajapoot rajy qayam hue, vaise hi dakshini bharat mean kalyani ke chalukyoan ki shakti kshin hone par anek rajaoan ne svatantr hokar apane prithak rajyoan ki sthapana ki.
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