सिक्ख धर्म

thumb|250px|sikkh dharm ka pratik
Symbol Of Sikh sikkh dharm ki sthapana 15vian shatabdi mean bharat ke uttar-pashchimi bhag ke panjab mean guru nanak dev dvara ki gee. 'sikkh' shabd shishy se utpann hua hai, jisaka tatpary hai guru nanak ke shishy, arthath unaki shikshaoan ka anusaran karane vale. nanak dev ka janm 1469 ee0 mean lahaur (vartaman pakistan) ke samip talavandi namak sthan mean hua tha. inake pita ka nam kaloochand aur mata ka tripta tha. bachapan se hi pratibha ke dhani nanak ko ekaantavas, chintan evan satsang mean vishesh ruchi thi. sulakkhini devi se vivah ke pashchath shrichand aur lakhamichand namak do putr hue. parantu saansarik gatividhiyoan mean vishesh ruchi n utpann hone par ve apane parivar ko sasural mean chho dakar svayan bhraman, satsang aur upadesh adi mean lag gaye. is dauran ve panjab, makka, madina, kabul, sianhal, kamaroop, puri, dilli, kashmir, kashi, haridvar adi ki yatra par gaye. in yatraoan mean unake do shishy sadaiv sath rahe- mardana jo bhajan gate samay rabab bajata tha, aur balabandhuan any mahan santoan ke saman hi guru nanak ke sath bhi anek chamatkarik evan divy ghatanaean ju di huee haian. vastav mean ye ghatanaean nanak ke roodhiyoan v aandhavishvasoan ke prati virodhi drishtikon ko darshati haian. nanak apani yatraoan ke dauran dinadukhiyoan ki pi daoan evan samasyaoan ko door karane ka prayas karate the. ve sabhi dharmoan tatha jatiyoan ke logoan ke sath saman roop se prem, namrata aur sadbhav ka vyavahar karate the. hindoo-musalaman ekata ke ve pakke samarthak the. apane priy shishy lahana ki kshamataoan ko pahachan kar unhoanne use apana uttaradhikari niyukt kiya aur use aangad nam diya. guru aangad ne nanakadev ki vaniyoan ko sangrahit karake guramukhi lipi mean vaddh karaya. isi ke pashchath 1539 mean guru nanak dev ki mrityu ho gee.

guru nanakadev ne am bol-chal ki bhasha mean rache padoan tatha bhajanoan ke madhyam se apane upadesh diye. unhoanne kaha ki sabaka nirmata, karta, palanahara 'ek oankar' ek eeshvar hai, jo 'satanam' (usi ka nam saty hai), 'karata purukh' (rachayita), 'akamoorat' (akshay aur nirakar), 'nirbhu' (nirbhay), 'niravair' (dvesh rahit) aur 'ajuni sabhang' (janm-maran se mukt sarvajnata) hai. use sirph 'guru prasad' arthath guru ki kripa se hi jana ja sakata hai. usake samane sabhi barabar haian, at: chhooachhoot, roodhivadita, ooanch-nich sab jhooth aur adanbar haian.

siddhaant

janm-maran vihin ek eeshvar mean astha, chhuachhoot rahit samatamoolak samaj ki sthapana aur manav matr ke kalyan ki kamana sikh dharm ke pramukh siddhant haian. karm karana, baant kar khana aur prabhu ka nam jap karana isake adhar haian. inhian mantavyoan ki prapti ke lie guru nanak dev ne is dharm ki sthapana ki.

das guru

sikkh panth mean guru parampara ka vishesh mahatv raha hai. isamean das guru mane gaye haian, jinake nam v kal is prakar hai-

1. guru nanakadev (1469-1539),
2. guru aangad (1539-1552),
3. guru amaradas (1552-1574),
4. guru ramadas (1574-1581),
5. guru arjunadas (1581-1606),
6. guru haragoviand (1606-1644),
7. guru hararay (1644-1661),
8. guru harkrishna (1661-1664),
9. guru tegabahadur (1664-1675) tatha
10. guru govind sianh (1675-1608).

tisare guru amaradas ne jati pratha evan chhooachhoot ko samapt karane ke uddeshy se langar parampara ki nianv dali. chauthe guru ramadas ne 'amrit sarovar' (av amritasar) namak ek naye nagar ki nianv rakhi. amritasar mean hi paanchavean guru arjunadas ne 'harimandir sahab' (svarn mandir) ki sthapana ki. unhoanne hi apane pichhale guruoan tatha unake samakalin hindoo, muslim santoan ke padoan evan bhajanoan ka sangrah kar a'di granth' banaya. guru arjun dev ko muslim shasakoan ne nadi mean dubokar hatya karava di thi. chhathe guru haragoviand ke kal mean mugal badashahoan ke gairamusalamanoan par atyachar badhate ja rahe the, jisaka unhoanne bahaduri se mukabala kiya. unhoanne apane anuyayiyoan ko hintutv ki raksha hetu sipahiyoan ki tarah lais rahane aur achchhe ghu dasavar banane ka upadesh diya. guru tegabahadur dvara bhi islam dharm svikar n karane se inkar kar dene par aurangazeb ne unake donoan betoan ko divar mean chinava diya. dasavean guru goviand sianh ne sikkh panth ko naya svaroop, nayi shakti aur nayi ojasvita pradan ki. unhoanne 'khalasa' (shuddh) paranpara ki sthapana ki. khalasaoan ke paanch anivary lakshan nirdharit kiye gaye, jinhean paanch 'kakke' kahate haian, kyoanki ye paanchoan lakshan 'k' se shuru hote haian jaise- kesh, kandha, k da, kachchha aur kripan. ye paanchoan lakshan ek sikkh ko vishisht pahachan pradan karate haian. sikh dharm mean kripan dharan karane ka adesh atmaraksha ke lie hai. guru govind sianh ji chahate the ki sikhoan mean santoan vale gun bhi hoan aur sipahiyoan vali bhavana bhi. is karan kripan sikhoan ka ek dharmik chinh van gaya hai. guru goviand ne purush khalasaoan ko 'sianh' ki tatha mahilaoan ko 'kaur' ki upadhi di. apane shishyoan mean dharmaraksha hetu sadaiv mar mitane ko taiyar rahane vale paanch shishyoan ko chunakar unhean 'paanch pyare' ki sanjna di aur unhean amrit chhaka kar dharmarakshakoan ke roop mean vishishtata pradan ki aur netritv mean khalasaoan ne muslim shasakoan ka bahaduri poorvak samana kiya. guru goviand sianh ne kaha ki unake bad koee any guru nahian hoga, balki 'adigranth' ki hi guru mana jaye. tab se adigranth ko 'guru granth sahab' kaha jane laga. at: sikkh is pavitr granth ko sajiv guru ke saman hi samman dete haian. use sadaiv 'rumala' mean lapetakar rakhate haian aur makhamali chaandani ke niche rakhate haian. ek sthan se doosare sthan par le jane hetu is granth ko hamesha sir par rakhakar le jate haian. is par hamesha chanvar dulaya jata hai. gurudvare mean isaka path karane vale vishesh vyakti ko 'granthi' aur vishisht roop se gayan mean pravin vyakti ko 'ragi' kahate haian.

bhaee maradana

sanpoorn sikh paranpara mean bhaee maradana ka atyant mahattvapoorn sthan hai. ve jati se mirasi musalaman the aur guru nanak dev ke bachapan ke mitr the. bhaee maradana bahut kushal rabab vadak the. ve sara jivan guru nanak dev ke sath rahe. guru nanak dev ki 20 varsh ki desh-videsh ki yatra mean bhaee maradana unake sath rahe. guru nanak dev jo bhi vani rachate the, bhaee maradana unake sath rahe. guru nanak dev jo bhi vani rachate the, bhaee maradana use sangitabaddh karate the. aantim samay mean bhi ve guru nanak dev ke sath rahean gurugranth sahab mean bhaee maradana rachit tin shlok sangrahit haian.

sikkh nishan sahab

yah sikkh panth ka pavitr nishan hai, jisamean do or vakrakar talavaraan ke bich ek vritt tatha vritt ke bich ek sidha khaanda hota hai. talavarean dharmaraksha ke lie samarpan ka, vritta 'ek oankar' ka tatha khaanda pavitrata ka pratik hai.

langar

gurudvaroan mean pratidin, vishesh avasaroan par bhaktajanoan ke lie bhoj ki vyavastha hoti hai, jisamean halava, chhole tatha pani, chini, pianjari, makkhan se bana tatha kripan se hilaya hua k da prasad diya jata hai. tisare guru amaradas ne sikkhoan tatha any dharmavalambiyoan mean samanata v ekata sthapit karane ke uddeshy se langar ki shuruat ki thi.

• vahe guru- yah eeshvar ka prashansatmak nam hai.
• sat shri akal, bole so nihal- eeshvar saty, kalyanakari aur kalatit hai, jisake nam ke smaran se mukti milati hai.
• vahe guru d khalasa, vahe guru di fatah- khalasa panth vahe guru (eeshvar) ka panth aur aur aantat: usi ki vijay hoti hai.

paanch takht

sikkh dharm ke paanch pramukh dharmakendr (takht) haian-

1. akal takht,
2. haramandir sahib,
3. patana sahab,
4. anandapur sahib aur
5. hujoor sahab.

dharm sambandhi kisi bhi vivad par in takhtoan ke pithasin adhikariyoan ka nirnay aantim mana jata hai.

paanch kakar

sikhoan ke 10vean aur aantim guru govind sianh ne paanch kakar-kesh, kangha, k da aur kripan ko anivary bana diya.

seva

gurudvare mean pratidin ya vishesh avasaro par svechchha se kiya gaya shram jaise- gurudvare ki sidhiyoan ki saphaee, k da prasad banana, bhaktajanoan ke joote sanbhalana v saph karana adi. kabhi-kabhi dharm virodhi kary karane par saja ke roop mean vyakti ko ye kary karane ka adesh diya jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh