आनंदवाद
anandavad us vicharadhara ka nam hai jisamean anand ko hi manav jivan ka mool lakshy mana jata hai. vishv ki vicharadhara mean anandavad ke do roop milate haian. pratham vichar ke anusar anand is jivan mean manushy ka charam lakshy hai aur doosari dhara ke anusar is jivan mean kathor niyamoan ka palan karane par hi bhavishy mean manushy ko param anand ki prapti hoti hai.
pratham dhara ka pradhan pratipadak grik darshanik epikyooras (341-270 ee.poo.) tha. usake anusar is jivan mean anand ki prapti sabhi chahate haian. vyakti janm se hi anand chahata hai aur du:kh se door rahana chahata hai. sabhi anand achchhe haian, sabhi du:kh bure haian. kiantu manushy n to sabhi anandoan ka upabhog kar sakata hai aur n sabhi du:khoan se door rah sakata hai. kabhi anand ke bad du:kh milata hai aur kabhi du:kh ke bad anand. jis kasht ke bad 'anand' milata hai vah kasht us anand se achchha hai jisake bad du:kh milata hai. at: anand ko chunane mean savadhani ki avashyakata hai. anand ke bhi kee bhed hote haian jinamean manasik anand sharirik anand se shreshth hai. adarsh roop mean vahi anand sarvochch hai jisamean du:kh ka lesh bhi n ho, kiantu samaj aur rajy dvara nirdharit niyamoan ki avahelana karake jo anand prapt hota hai vah du:kh se bhi bura hai, kyoanki manushy ko us avahelana ka dand bhogana p data hai. sadachari aur niraparadh vyakti hi apani manovritti ko sanyamit karake acharan ke dvara uchch anand prapt kar sakata hai. is drishti epikyooras ka anandavad vishayopabhog ki shiksha nahian deta, apitu anandaprapti ke lie sadgunoan ko atyavashyak manata hai. epikyooras ka yah mat kalaantar mean hey drishti se dekha jane laga kyoanki isake mananevale sadgunoan ki upeksha karake vishayopabhog ko hi pradhanata dene lage. adhunik pashchaty darshan mean jan lak (1632-1704), devid hyoom (1711-1776), beantham (1739-1832) tatha jan stuart mil (1806-1873) is vicharadhara ke prabal samarthakoan mean se the. mil ki upayogitavad ke anusar vah anand jisase adhik se adhik logoan ka adhik se adhik labh ho, sarvashreshth hai. keval pariman ke anusar hi nahian, apitu gun ke anusar bhi anand ke kee bhed haian. moorkh aur vidvanh ke anand mean gunagat bhed hai, parimanagat nahian. papi ka anand sadguni ke anand se hin hai at: logoan ko sadguni banakar sachcha anand prapt karana chahie.
bharat mean charrvak darshan ne paralok, eeshvar adi ka khandan karate hue is sansar mean hi upalabdh anand ke poorn upabhog ko pranimatr ka kartavy mana hai. kam hi sarvashreshth purusharth hai. sabhi kartavy kam ki poorti ke lie kie jate haian. vatsyayan ne dharm aur arth ko kam ka sahayak mana hai. isaka tatpary yah hai ki samajik acharanoan ke samany niyamoan (dharm) ka ullanghan karate hue kam ki tripti karana hi sarvashreshth marg hai.
doosari vicharadhara ke anusar sansar ke nashvar padarthoan ke upabhog se utpann anand nashvanh hai. at: prani ko avinashi anand ki khoj karani chahie. isake lie hamean is sansar ka tyag karana p de to vah bhi svikar hoga. upanishadoan mean sarvapratham is vicharadhara ka pratipadan milata hai. manushy ki iandriyoan ko priy laganevala anand (prey) aant mean du:kh deta hai. isalie us anand ki khoj karani chahie jisaka parinam kalyanakari ho (shrey). anand ka mool atma mani gee hai aur atma ko anandaroop kaha gaya hai. vidvanh sansar mean bhatakane ki apeksha apane ap mean sthit anand ko dhooandhate haian. anandavastha jiv ki poornata hai. apani shuddh atma ko prapt karane ke bad anand apane ap prapt ho jata hai. upanishadoan ke darshan ko adhar manakar chalanevale sabhi dharmik aur darshanik sanpradayoan mean anand ko atma ki charam abhivyakti mana gaya hai. shankar, ramanuj, madhv, vallabh, nianbark, chaitany aur taantrik sanpraday tatha araviand darshan kisi n roop mean anand ko atma ki poornata ka roop manate haian.
bauddh darshan mean sansar ko du:khamay mana gaya hai. du:khamay sansar ko tyagakar nirvanapad prapt karana pratyek bauddh ka lakshy hai. nirvanavastha ko anandavastha aur mahasukh kaha gaya hai. jain sanpraday mean bhi sharir ghor kashsht dene ke bad nity 'oorghvgaman' karata hua asim anandopalabdhi karata hai. poorvamimaansa mean saansarik anand ko 'anarth' kahakar tiraskrit kiya gaya hai aur us dharm ke palan ka vidhan hai jo vedoan dvara vihit hai aur jisaka parinam anand hai.[1]
afalatoon ke anusar sadguni jivan poornanand ka jivan hai, yadyapi anand svayan vyakti ka dhyey nahian hai. arastoo ke anusar ve sabhi karm jinase manushy-manushy banata hai, kartavy ke aantargat ate haian. inhian karmoan ka parinam anand hai. edimonijm stoik darshan mean saansarik anand ko atma ka rog mana gaya hai. is rog se mukt rahakar sadgunoan ka nirapeksh bhav se sevan karane par adhyatmik anand prapt karana hi manushy ka sachcha lakshy hai. navy afalatooni darshan mean saansarik vishayoan ki apeksha eeshvar aur jiv ki abhedavastha se utpann anand ko uchch mana gaya hai. eesaee darshanik agastin (353-430) ne b de joradar shabdoan mean eeshvarasakshatkar se utpann anand ki tulana mean saansarik anand ko mare vyakti ka anand mana hai. spinoza (1632-1677) ne kaha, 'nity aur anant tatv ke prati jo prem utpann hota hai vah aisa anand pradan karata hai jisamean du:kh ka lesh bhi nahian hai. imanuel kaant (1724-1804) ka kahana hai ki sarvottam shrey (gud) is sansar mean nahian prapt ho sakata, kyoanki yahaan log abhav aur kamanaoan ke shikar hote haian. achar ke anullanghaniy niyamoan ko (ethikal ianparetiv) pahachanakar chalane par manushy apani iandriyoan ki bhookh ka daman kar sakata hai. manushy ki ichchha svatantr hai. usaka kuchh kartavy hai, at: vah karata hai. kartavy-kartavy ke lie hai. kartavy ka any koee lakshy nahian hai. nirvikar bhav se kartavyapath par chalanevale vyakti ko sachche anand ki prapti honi chahie, kiantu is sansar mean kartavyanishth vyakti ko anand ki prapti avashyak nahian hai. at: kaant ke anusar bhi vastavik anand saansarik nahian, kartavyapalan se utpann paramarthik anand hi poorn anand hai.[2] (ra.paan.)
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 374-75 |
- ↑ san.gran.-mahabharat, shaantiparv; upanishadh; shankar, ramanuj, vallabh tatha nianbark ke granth; tantralok; madhav: sarvadarshanasangrah; afalatoon ke 'laz' aur 'ripablik'; jelar: grik darshan; mil: yootiliteriyanijm.