पृथ्वी
| chitr:Disamb2.jpg prithvi | ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- prithvi (bahuvikalpi) |
prithvi
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| vivaran | prithvi akar mean paanchavaan sabase b da aur soory se doori ke kram mean tisara grah hai. sauramandal ka ekamatr grah, jis par jivan hai. |
| anumanit ayu | 4600,000,000 / char arab sath karo d varsh |
| sampoorn dharataliy kshetraphal | 510,100,500 / ikyavan karo d ek lakh paanch sau varg ki.mi. |
| bhoomi kshetraphal | 14,84,00,000 varg ki.mi. |
| jaliy kshetraphal | 36,13,00,000 varg ki.mi. (71%) |
| ayatan | 1.08321X1012 ghan ki.mi. |
| dravyaman | 5.9736×1024 ki.gra. |
| ausat ghanatv | 5.52 (pani ke ghanatv ke sapeksh) |
| vyas | 12,742 ki.mi. |
| vishuvat rekhiy vyas | 12,756 ki.mi. |
| dhruviy vyas | 12,714 ki.mi. |
| samudratal se adhikatam ooanchaee | 8848 mitar (mauant evarest) |
| samudratal se adhikatam gaharaee | 11,033 mitar (mariyana treanch) |
| soory se doori | 14,95,97,900 / 14 karo d, 95 lakh, 97 hazar, nau sau ki.mi. |
| chandrama se doori | 3,84,403 ki.mi. (lagabhag) |
| paribhraman kal | 365 din, 5 ghante, 48 minat, 45.51 sekand |
| ghoornan avadhi | 23 ghante, 56 minat, 4.091 sekand (apane aksh par) |
| upagrah | chandrama |
| soory se prithvi tak prakash pahuanchane mean lagane vala samay | 8 minat 18 sekand |
| prithvi ke dharatal ka sarvadhik nichala sthan | mrit sagar athava ded si (samudr tal se 423 mitar niche) |
| bahari k diyaan | googal arth |
prithvi (aangrezi: Earth) akar mean 5vaan sabase b da grah hai aur soory se doori ke kram mean tisara grah hai. yah sauramandal ka ekamatr grah hai, jis par jivan hai.
- isaka vishuvatiy / bhoomadhyarekhiy vyas 12,756 kilomitar aur dhruviy vyas 12,714 kilomitar hai.
- prithvi apane aksh par 23 1º/2 jhuki huee hai.
- yah apane aksh par pashchim se poorv 1610 kilomitar pratighanta ki chal se 23 ghante 56 minat aur 4 sekend mean ek chakkar poora karati hai. prithvi ki is gati ko ghoornan ya dainik gati kahate haian. is gati se hi din v rat hote haian.
- prithvi ko soory ki ek parikrama poori karane mean 365 din 5 ghante 48 minat 46 sekend (lagabhag 365 din v 6 ghante) ka samay lagata hai. soory ke chaturdik prithvi ki is parikrama ko prithvi ki varshik gati athava parikraman kahate haian. prithvi ko soory ki ek parikrama poori karane mean lage samay ko saur varsh kaha jata hai. pratyek saur varsh, kailandar varsh se lagabhag 6 ghanta badh jata hai. jise har chauthe varsh mean lip varsh banakar samayojit kiya jata hai. lip varsh 366 din ka hota hai. jisake karan faravari mah mean 28 din ke sthan par 29 din hote haian.
- prithvi par rritu parivartan, isaki kaksha par jhuke hone ke karan tatha soory ke sapeksh isaki sthiti mean parivartan yani varshik gati ke karan hoti hai. varshik gati ke karan hi prithvi par din–rat chhota–b da hota hai.
- akar evan banavat ki drishti se prithvi shukr ke saman hai.
- jal ki upasthiti tatha aantariksh se nila dikhaee dene ke karan ise nila grah bhi kaha jata hai.
- prithvi ki utpatti 4.6 arab varsh poorv huee thi. jisaka 70.8 % bhag jaliy or 29.2 % bhag sthaliy hai.
- isaka aksh isaki kaksha ke sapeksh 66.5º ka kon banata hai.
- soory ke bad prithvi ke sabase nikat ka tara 'pr aauksima siantori' hai, jo alpha siantori samooh ka ek tara hai. yah prithvi se 4.22 prakash varsh door hai.
- prithvi ka ekamatr upagrah chandrama hai.
nirman
prithvi grah ka nirman lagabhag 4.54 arab varsh poorv hua tha aur is ghatana ke ek arab varsh pashchath yahaan jivan ka vikas shuroo ho gaya tha. tab se prithvi ke jaivamandal ne yahaan ke vayu mandal mean kafi parivartan kiya hai. samay bitane ke sath ojon part bani jisane prithvi ke chumbakiy kshetr ke sath milakar prithvi par ane vale hanikarak saur vikiran ko rokakar isako rahane yogy banaya. prithvi ka dravyaman 6.569x1021 tan hai. prithvi brihaspati jaisa gaisiy grah n hokar ek patharila grah hai. prithvi sabhi char saur bhaumik grahoan mean dravyaman aur akar mean sabase b di hai. any tin bhaumik grah haian- budh, shukr aur mangal. in sabhi grahoan mean prithvi ka ghanatv, gurutvakarshan, chumbakiy kshetr aur ghoornan sabase jyada hai.
aisa mana jata hai ki prithvi saur niharika ke avasheshoan se any grahoan ke sath hi bani. isaka aandarooni hissa garmi se pighala aur lohe jaise bhari tatv prithvi ke kendr mean pahuanch ge. loha v nikil garmi se pighal kar drav mean badal ge aur inake ghoornan se prithvi do dhruvoan vale vishal chuanbak mean badal gee. bad mean prithvi mean mahadvipiy vivartan ya vichalan jaisi bhoovaijnanik kriyaean paida huee. isi prakriya se prithvi par mahadvip, mahasagar aur vayumandal adi bane.
aantarik sanrachana
prithvi ki aantarik sanrachana ke sambandh mean vaijnanikoan mean anekoan matabhed haian. bhoo-garbh mean paee jane vali paratoan ki motaee, ghanatv, tapaman, bhar evan vahaan par pae jane vale padarth ki prakriti par abhi poorn sahamati nahian ho payi hai. phir bhi tapaman, dabav, ghanatv, ulkaoan evan bhookampiy tarangoan par adharit pramanoan ko ekatrit karake prithvi ki aantarik sanrachana ke sambandh mean janakari prapt karane ke prayas kie ge haian. prithvi ke andar ke hisse ko tin bhagoan mean baanta gaya hai-
- bhoo-parpati
- avaran
- kendriy bhag
prithvi ki akriti laghvaksh golabh ke saman hai. yah lagabhag golakar hai jo dhruvoan par tho da chapati hai. prithvi par sabase uchchatam biandu mauant evarest hai jisaki ooanchaee 8848 mi. hai. doosari or sabase nimnatam biandu prashaant mahasagar mean sthit mariyana khaee hai jisaki samudri star se gaharaee 10,911 mi. hai. prithvi ki aantarik sanrachana kee staroan ke tin pradhan aang hai- oopari satah/ bhooparpati, madhy star/ maiantal aur aantarik star/ dhatvik krod. prithvi ke kul ayatan ka 0.5% bhag bhooparpati ka hai jabaki 83% bhag mean maiantal vistrit hai. shesh 16% bhag krod hai.
prithvi ka nirman ayaran (32.1 phisadi), aauksijan (30.1 phisadi), silik aaun (15.1 phisadi), maignishiyam (13.9 phisadi), salphar (2.9 phisadi), nikil (1.8 phisadi), kailasiyam (1.5 phisadi) aur elyuminiyam (1.4 phisadi) se hua hai. isake atirikt lagabhag 1.2 phisadi any tatvoan ka bhi yogadan hai. krod ka nirman lagabhag 88.8 phisadi ayaran se hua hai. bhoo rasayan shastri eph. dalbyoo, kl aaurk ke anusar prithvi ki bhooparpati mean lagabhag 47 phisadi aauksijan hai.
bhoo-parpati
thumb|250px|prithvi ki aantarik paratean prithvi ke oopari bhag ko bhoo-parpati kahate haian. yah andar ki taraf 34 ki.mi. tak ka kshetr hai. yah mukhyatah besalt chattanoan se bana hai. isake do bhag haian- siyal aur sima. siyal kshetr mean silikan evan elyumina evan sima kshetr mean silikan evan maignishiyam ki bahulata hoti hai. karst bhag ka ausat ghanatv 2.7gram/se.mi.3 hai. yah prithvi ke kul ayatan ka 0.5% bhag ghere hue hai. bhooparpati athava krast ki motaee 8 se 40 ki.mi. tak mani jati hai. is parat ki nichali sima ko 'mohorovisik asanbaddhata' ya 'moho asanbaddhata' kaha jata hai. prithvi par mahasagar aur mahadvip keval isi bhag mean sthit hai.
bhoopatal ki rachana samagri
bhoopatal ki rachana mean sabase adhik aauksijan (46.80%), doosare sthan par silikan 27.72% aur tisare sthan par elyoominiyam 8.13% ka yogadan hai.
maiantal
2900 ki.mi. mota yah kshetr mukhyatah baisalt pattharoan ke samooh ki chattanoan se bana hai. maiantal ke is hisse mean maigma chaimbar pae jate haian. isaka ausat ghanatv 3.5 gram/se.mi.3 se 5.5 gram/se.mi.3 hai. yah prithvi ke kul ayatan ka 83% bhag ghere hue hai. maiantal ki motaee lagabhag 2895 ki.mi. hai. yah arddh-thos avastha mean hai. ek sankraman parat jo maiantal ko krod ya kor se vibhakt karati hai use gutenabarg asanbaddhata kahate haian.
kendriy bhag
| gaharaee (kimi.) | parat |
|---|---|
| 0-35 | bhooparpati ya krast |
| 35-60 | oopari bhooparpati |
| 60-2890 | maiantal |
| 2890-5100 | bahari krod |
| 5100-6378 | aantarik krod |
prithvi ke kendr ke kshetr ko 'kendriy bhag' kahate haian. yah sabase b da kshetr hai. yah kshetr nikil v feras ka bana hai. isaka ausat ghanatv 13 gram/se.mi.3 hai. prithvi ka kendriy bhag sambhavatah drav athava plastik avastha mean hai. yah prithvi ka kul ayatan ka 16% bhag ghere hue hai. prithvi ka ausat ghanatv 5.5 gram/semi.3 evan ausat trijya lagabhag 6370 ki.mi. hai. prithvi ke niche jane par prati 32 mitar ki gaharaee par tapaman 1ºC badhata jata hai. prithvi ke sthaliy kshetr par sabase nicha kshetr j aaurdan mean mrit sagar ke asapas ka kshetr hai. yah kshetr samudr tal se ausatan 400 mitar nicha hai. sabase pahale paithagoras ne bataya ki prithvi gol hai aur yah akash mean svatantr roop se lataki huee hai. bahyatam krod ki visheshata yah hai ki yah taral avastha mean hai jabaki aantarik krod ka padarth thos padarth ki bhaanti vyavahar karata hai. isaki trijya lagabhag 1255 kimi. hai. aantarik krod ke ghoornan ka koniy veg prithvi ke koniy veg se tho da adhik hota hai. sar aizak nyootan ne sabit kiya ki prithvi narangi ke saman hai. jems jin ne ise narangi ke bajae nashapati ke saman batalaya. prithvi ki bahy satah ko mukhyatah 4 bhagoan mean baant sakate haian-
prithvi ki gatiyaan
prithvi apane aksh par nirantar ghoomati rahati hai. isaki do gatiyaan hai-
ghoornan
prithvi ke aksh par chakran ko ghoornan kahate haian. prithvi pashchim se poorv disha mean ghoomati hai aur ek ghoornan poora karane mean 23 ghante, 56 minat aur 4.091 sekend ka samay leti hai. isi se din v rat hote haian.
parikraman
prithvi soory ke charoan or aandakar path par 365 din, 5 ghante, 48 minat v 45.51 sekend mean ek chakkar poora karati hai, jise usaki parikraman gati kahate haian. prithvi ki is gati ki vajah se rritu parivartan hota hai.
sthalakritiyaan
prithvi ka tal asaman hai. tal ka 70.8 phisadi bhag jal se achchhadit hai, jisamean adhikaansh mahasagariy nital samudri star ke niche hai. dharatal par kahian vishal parvat, kahian oob d-khab d pathar to kahian par upajaoo maidan paye jate haian. mahadvip aur mahasagaroan ko pratham star ki sthalakriti mana jata hai jabaki parvat, pathar, ghati nichale staroan ke aantargat rakhe jate haian. prithvi ka tal samay kal ke dauran plet tektoniks aur ksharan ki vajah se lagatar parivartit hota rahata hai. plet tektoniks ki vajah se tal par hue badalav par mausam, varsha, ooshmiy chakr aur rasayanik parivartanoan ka asar p data hai. himikaran, tatiy ksharan, praval bhittiyoan ka nirman aur b de ulka piandoan ke prithvi par girane jaise karakoan ki vajah se bhi prithvi ke tal par parivartan hote haian.
prithvi devi
purakal mean aangiraoan ne adityoan ko yajan karaya. adityoan ne unhean dakshina svaroop sanpoorn prithvi pradan ki. dopahar ke samay dakshina svaroop pradatt prithvi ne aangiraoan ko paritapt kar diya, at: unhoanne usaka tyag kar diya. usane[1] kruddh hokar sianh ka roop dharan kiya tatha vah manushyoan ko khane lagi. usase bhayabhit hokar manushy bhagane lage. unake bhag jane se kshudhagni mean santapt bhoomi mean pradar[2] p d gaye. is ghatana se poorv prithvi samatal thi.
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sanbandhit lekh