सोनिया गाँधी

soniya gaandhi
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poora nam	soniya gaandhi
janm	9 disanbar 1946
janm bhoomi	itali
abhibhavak	stiphaino
pati/patni	sv.shri rajiv gaandhi
santan	rahul gaandhi aur priyanka gaandhi
nagarikata	bharatiy
parti	kaangres
pad	kaangres ki poorv adhyaksh
kary kal	adhyaksh- 14 march 1998 – 11 disanbar 2017 (19 varsh)
bhasha	hindi, aangrezi
any janakari	soniya gaandhi kaangres ke adhyaksh ke pad par sabase jyada samay (19 varsh) tak karyarat rahi haian.
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soniya gaandhi (aangrezi: Sonia Gandhi) prasiddh bharatiy netri haian. soniya ka janm 9 disanbar 1946 ko itali ke 'lusiyana' mean 'maino' parivar mean hua tha. soniya gaandhi bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ki adhyaksh haian. ve rayabareli, uttar pradesh ki saansad haian aur isake sath hi ve 14 vian lokasabha mean 'yoopie' ki bhi pramukh haian. pati rajiv gaandhi ki hatya hone ke bad unhoanne apana qadam rajaniti mean rakha. rashtriy aur aanrtarashtriy rajanitik kshitij par soniya gaandhi ne mahattvapoorn sthan prapt kiya haian. soniya gaandhi bharat ke prabhavashali rajanitik gharane ki bahoo haian.

jivan parichay

soniya ke paida hone par lusiyana ke gharoan mean paranpara ke anusar gulabi riban baandhe ge. charch mean soniya ka nam 'edavije enatoniya alabina maino' rakha gaya, lekin unake pita 'stiphaino' ne unhean soniya ke nam se pukara. roosi nam rakhakar vo un roosi parivaroan ka shukriya ada karana chahate the jinhoanne dvitiy vishvayuddh ke dauran unaki jan bachaee thi. soniya ke pita stiphaino, musolini ki sena mean the jo roosi sena se har gee thi. thumb|left|250px|soniya gaandhi
Sonia Gandhi soniya ne 'jiyaveno' ke k aaunvent skool mean shiksha grihan ki, vo achchhi stoodent nahian thi, lekin hansamukh aur doosaroan ki madad karane vali thian. qaph aur asthama ki shikayat ki vajah se vo bordiang skool mean akeli soti thian. age jakar 'toorin' mean padhaee ke dauran unake man mean eyar hostes banane ka araman bhi jaga lekin vo sapana jald hi badal gaya. isake bad vo 'videshi bhasha ki adhyapika' ya 'sanyukt rashtr mean anuvadak' bhi banana chahati thian. kaangres adhyaksh soniya gaandhi ko bharatiyoan ne bhale hi b di sahajata se svikar kar liya ho, par doosare deshoan ke lie unaki saphalata ashchary ka vishay bani huee hai. ek sadharan parivar se duniya ke sabase b de lokatantr ke shirsh par pahuanchane ka unaka yah safar logoan mean gahari utsukata jagata raha hai. isi ko dhyan mean rakhakar 'spainish lekhak aur patrakar' 'jeviyar moro' ne unake jivan par 'el sari rojo' (d red sa di) namak ek kitab likhi hai.

vaivahik jivan

prarambhik shiksha ke pashchat, unhoanne videshi bhasha sikhane vale ek shaikshik sanstha mean dakhila liya aur aangrezi, phreanch v roosi bhashaean sikhian. shri rajiv gaandhi se unaki mulakat 'kaianbrij' mean huee thi, jahaan ve aangrezi bhasha mean age ki padhaee kar rahi thian. rajiv, us vaqt kaianmbrij ke triniti k aaulej mean padh rahe the. sal 1965 mean donoan ki mulakat ek 'grik restraan' mean huee. usake bad soniya gaandhi bharat a gee. rajiv gaandhi ke sath inaka vivah 1968 mean nayi dilli mean sampann hua. rajiv gaandhi payalat the aur unaki dilachaspi rajaniti mean nahian thi. soniya gaandhi ne apane vaivahik jivan ka adhikaansh samay apane parivar ki dekhabhal karate hue bitaya. apani sas iandira gaandhi ke sahayogi ke roop mean bhi apani zimmedariyoan ko inhoanne bakhoobi nibhaya. soniya gaandhi ki do santan, beta rahul gaandhi aur beti priyanka gaandhi haian.

pati ke sath yogadan

soniya gaandhi ke pati rajiv gaandhi ko rajaniti mean koee ruchi nahian thi aur vo ek eyaralain payalet ki naukari karate the. imarajensi ke uparant jab indira gaandhi ko satta chho dani p di thi tab kuchh samay ke lie rajiv gaandhi parivar ke sath videsh mean rahane chale ge the. parantu 1980 mean apane chhote bhaee sanjay gaandhi ki ek havaee jahaz durghatana mean asamayik mrityu ke bad mata indira gaandhi ko sahayog dene ke lie 1982 mean rajiv gaandhi ne rajaniti mean pravesh liya. prarambh mean soniya rajanitik gatividhiyoan se bachati rahi aur poori tarah ek 'grihini' ki bhoomika mean dhal chuki thian. bharatiy sarvajanik jivan mean unaki maujoodagi unaki sas tatha poorv pradhanamantri iandira gaandhi ki hatya aur unake pati ke pradhanamantri nirvachit hone ke bad badhi. [[chitr:Rajiv-Gandhi-And-Sonia-Gandhi.jpg|thumb|250px|soniya gaandhi evan rajiv gaandhi
Rajiv Gandhi And Sonia Gandhi]] pradhanamantri ki patni hone ke nate soniya unaki sarakari mezaban ki bhoomika ada karatian aur unake sath alag alag desho ki yatra par jatian. vah apane pati ke nirvachan kshetr amethi se ju de mamaloan ko bhi samay samay par dekhati rahian. uttar pradesh ke vikas karyoan par unhoanne poora dhyan diya, khasataur par 'svasthy sanbandhi kaianp' evan 'jan kalyan karyoan' ko unhoanne apani bhagidari se bahut badhava diya. sanh 1984 mean unake pati ke pradhanamantritv kal mean 'bharatiy sena' dvara 'bofors top' ki kharidari mean lie gaye 'kikabaik (kamishan - ghoos) ka mudda' uchhala jisaka mukhy patr itali ka ek nagarik, otaviyo kvatorachi tha jo ki soniya gaandhi ka mitr tha. agale chunav mean kaangres ki har huee aur rajiv gaandhi ko pradhanamantri pad se hatana p da. agale chunavoan mean kaangres ke jitane aur rajiv gaandhi ke pun: pradhanamantri banane ki poori sanbhavana thi parantu 21 mee , 1991 ko tamil atankavadiyoan ne rajiv gaandhi ki ek bam visfot mean hatya kar di thi.

sanstha adhyaksh

1991 mean apane pati ki hatya ke bad unhoanne 'rajiv gaandhi phauandeshan' aur isaki sahayogi sanstha 'rajiv gaandhi instityoot f aaur kantempreri stadiz' ki sthapana ki. in sansthaoan ke adhyaksh ke roop mean unhoanne apane pati ki vaicharik virasat ko age badhane mean sakriy yogadan kiya. sath hi ve aur bhi any gair sarakari sansthaoan ki adhyaksh haian.

soniya gaandhi ka rajanitik jivan

pati ki hatya hone ke pashchath kaangres ke varishth netaoan ne soniya se poochhe bina soniya gaandhi ko kaangres ka adhyaksh banaye jane ki ghoshana kar di parantu soniya ne ise svikar nahian kiya aur rajanitijnoan ke prati apani nafarat aur avishvas ko in shabdoan mean vyakt kiya ki maian apane bachchoan ko bhikh maangate dekh looangi, parantu maian rajaniti mean qadam nahian rakhooangi. kafi samay tak rajaniti mean qadam n rakh kar unhoanne apane bete aur beti ka palan poshan karane par apana dhyan keandrit kiya. 'pi vi narasianharav' ke kamazor pradhanamantritv kal ke karan kaangres 1996 ka am chunav bhi har gee aur usake bad 'sitaram kesari' ke kaangres ke kamazor adhyaksh hone se kaangres ka samarthan kam hota ja raha tha jisase kaangres ke netaoan ne phir se neharu-gaandhi parivar ke kisi sadasy ki avashyakata anubhav ki. 1997 mean kolakata mean kaangres ke sammelan mean akhirakar vah kaangres ki prathamik sadasy ke roop mean shamil ho geean. unake dabav mean soniya gaandhi ne 1997 mean kolakata ke 'plenari seshan' mean kaangres ki prathamik sadasyata grahan ki aur usake 62 dinoan ke aandar 1998 mean soniya gaandhi kaangres ki adhyaksh chuni gayian. unhoanne sarakar banane ki naqamayab koshish bhi ki. rajaniti mean qadam rakhane ke bad unaka videshi hone ka mudda uthaya gaya. unaki kamazor hindi ko bhi mudda banaya gaya. un par parivaravad ka bhi arop laga lekin kaangresiyoan ne unaka sath nahian chhoda aur in muddoan ko nakarate rahe.

rajanitik jivan ki shuruat

[[chitr:Manmohan-Singh-Sonia-Gandhi.jpg|thumb|250px|d aau. manamohan sianh aur soniya gaandhi
Manmohan Singh and Sonia Gandhi]] rajanitik jivan ki shuruat mean kaangres adhyaksh soniya gaandhi ko sabase zyada madad poorv keandriy mantri divangat madhavarav siandhiya se mili thi. soniya gaandhi aktoobar 1999 mean bellari, karnatak se aur sath hi apane divangat pati ke nirvachan kshetr amethi, uttar pradesh se lokasabha ke lie chunav l dian aur qarib tin lakh votoan ki vishal badhat se vijayi hueean. 1999 mean 13 vian lok sabha mean ve vipaksh ki neta chuni gayi. 2003 mean tatkalik pradhanamantri atal bihari vajapeyi ki en di e sarakar ke viruddh soniya gaandhi sabake virodh ke bavazood akele hi ek avishvas prastav laeean jo saphal nahian ho paya parantu isase en di e sarakar ki virodhi ke roop mean soniya gaandhi ki vyaktigat chhavi achchhi tarah sthapit ho gee jisaka labh unhean 2004 ke am chunavoan mean mila.

saansad

vamapanthi daloan ne bharatiy janata parti ko satta se bahar rakhane ke liye kaangres aur sahayogi daloan ki sarakar ka samarthan karane ka faisala kiya jisase kaangres aur unake sahayogi daloan ka spasht bahumat poora hua. 2004 ke chunav se poorv am ray ye banaee gee thi ki atal bihari vajapeyi hi pradhanamantri baneange par soniya ne desh bhar mean ghoomakar khoob prachar kiya aur sab ko chauanka dene vale natijoan mean kaangres ko anapekshit 200 se zyada sitean mili. 2004 ke am chunav mean unhoanne kaangres parti ke chunav abhiyan ka saphalatapoorvak netritv kiya, jisake parinam-svaroop kaangres parti sabase b de dal ke roop mean ubhar kar ayi aur kaangres ke netritv mean sanyukt pragatishil gathabandhan (UPA) ki gathabandhan sarakar bani. is chunav mean soniya gaandhi uttar pradesh ke rayabareli kshetr se saansad chuni gayian.

pradhanamantri banane se iankar

apani har par khije hue en di e ke netaoan ne soniya gaandhi par videshi mool ka hone par akshep lagae aur kuchh sushama svaraj aur uma bharati jaisi jani mani netaoan ne aisi ghoshana kar di ki yadi soniya gaandhi pradhanamantri banian to vo apana sir muandava leangian aur bhoomi par hi soyeangian. kaangres parti ne sarvasammati se sansad mean soniya gaandhi ko apana neta chuna tatha janata ki apeksha thi ki ve pradhanamantri pad ki shapath leangi parantu unhoanne is pad ke lene se iankar kiya aur yah ghoshit kiya ki ve pradhan mantri nahian banana chahati. 18 mee ko unhoanne manamohan sianh ko apana ummidavar bataya aur parti ko unaka samarthan karane ki guzarish ki . sabane isaka khoob virodh kiya aur unase is faisale ko badalane ki guzarish ki gee par unhoanne kaha ki pradhanamantri banana unaka lakshy kabhi nahian tha. sab netaoan ne manamohan sianh ka samarthan kiya aur ve pradhanamantri bane par soniya ko dal ka tatha gathabandhan ka adhyaksh chuna gaya.

tyagapatr

'rashtriy sujhav samiti' ka adhyaksh hone ke karan soniya gaandhi par labh ke pad par hone ke sath lokasabha ka sadasy hone ka akshep laga jisake phalasvaroop 23 march 2006 ko unhoanne rashtriy sujhav samiti ke adhyaksh ke pad aur lokasabha ka sadasyata donoan se tyagapatr de diya. mee 2006 mean ve rayabareli, uttarapradesh se pun: saansad chuni gee aur unhoanne apane samipasth pratidvandi ko char lakh se adhik votoan se haraya.

arthik mudde

mee, 2006 tak soniya gaandhi 'rashtriy salahakar parishad' ki adhyaksh rahian. 'rashtriy salahakar parishad' ne samay samay par sarakar ko mahattvapoorn samajik arthik muddoan par sujhav diye. parishad ke sujhavoan par adharit jo yojanaean v nitiyaan karyaroop mean samane ayian, unamean 'rashtriy gramin rozagar yojana', 'soochana ka adhikar', 'rashtriy gramin svasthy yojana', 'mid de mil skim', javaharalal neharoo 'shahari navikaran mishan' aur 'rashtriy punarvas niti' shamil haian. mahatma gaandhi ki varshagaanth 2 aktoobar 2007 ko soniya gaandhi ne sanyukt rashtr sangh ko sanbodhit kiya. aj, shrimati gaandhi hiandustan ki siyasat mean sabase takatavar shakhsiyatoan mean se ek haian jinhean 'phorbs patrika' ne duniya ki tin sabase takatavar mahilaoan mean shumar kiya hai. ve sal 2007 aur 2008 ke lie 'taeem maigajin' ki list mean duniya ke 100 taqatavar shakhsiyatoan mean bhi jagah bana chuki haian.

janakalyanakari yojanaean

rashtriy salahakar parishad ke adhyaksh ke taur par unaki pahal par sarakar ne kee janakalyanakari yojanaoan ko lagoo kiya. unhean paryavaran ke muddoan, kamazor yuvakoan aur mahila sashaktikaran aur bachchoan ke kalyan ke lie chalaee ja rahi yojanaoan mean khasi dilachaspi hai. inamean se kuchh aham haian- [[chitr:Sonia-Gandhi-Rahul-Gandhi.jpg|thumb|250px|soniya gaandhi aur rahul gaandhi
Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi]]

• rashtriy gramin rozagar yojana
• soochana ka adhikar
• rashtriy gramin svasthy mishan
• dopahar ka bhojan
• javaharalal araban rinyooel mishan
• rashtriy punarvas niti adi.

ruchi aur pasand

unhoanne apane pati par do kitab - 'rajiv' aur 'rajivs varld' bhi likhi haian. isake alava do bhag mean samahit pustak - 'fridams d aautar' evan 'too elon, too tugedar' ka sampadan kiya hai. jinamean pandit javaharalal neharoo aur iandira gaandhi ke bich, 1922 se 1964 ke dauran hue patrachar ka sankalan kiya gaya hai. isake alava shrimati gaandhi ko hiandustani, shastriy aur adivasi kala ka bhi shauq hai. ve hathakaragha, hastakala, bharatiy samakalin sahity, paranparik aur adivasi kala, aur lokagitoan mean bhi dilachaspi rakhati haian. unhoanne tailachitroan ke sanrakshan vishay mean bakayada 'neshanal myoojiyam' se diploma bhi hasil kiya hai.

kaangres adhyaksh

soniya gaandhi desh ki sabase purane rajanitik dal kaangres ke sabase lanbe samay tak rahane vali kaangres adhyaksh rahi haian. is mamale mean inhoanne neharoo-gaandhi parivar ke sare rik aaurd ko to d diya hai. varsh 1885 eesvi mean kaangres ki sthapana muanbee mean huee. isake pahale adhyaksh 'dablyoo si banarji' haian. kaangres parti ke 1885 eesvi mean sthapana ke bad ke 125 varshoan ke itihas mean 35 sal neharoo-gaandhi parivar ke log adhyaksh rahe. isamean 2 sal motilal neharoo, javaharalal neharoo 6 sal, iandira gaandhi 8 sal, rajiv gaandhi 7 sal, jabaki soniya gaandhi 12 sal kaangres ke adhyaksh ke pad par rahe. ab soniya gaandhi pun: aur 4 sal ke lie kaangres ki adhyaksh chun li gayi haian. apane poore rajanitik jivan mean kaangres adhyaksh soniya gaandhi ne tyag aur seva ki prachin bharatiy paranpara ka udaharan prastut kiya hai. unhoanne satta ke lie rajaniti ki paranpara ko to dakar ek nayi misal qayam ki hai. shrimati gaandhi darasal pandit neharu, iandira gaandhi aur rajiv gaandhi ke unhian kamoan ko age badha rahi haian jisaka makasad hiandustan ko ek adhunik, takatavar aur gatishil desh banana hai.

avichalit sahasi

soniya gaandhi bharat ki ek avichalit sahasi haian. ve bharat ki sabhyata, sanskriti, kala, vishvas, riti-rivaj mean basi huee haian. ve bharat ke mahanh svatantrata senaniyoan ke parivar ki bahoo haian, unhoanne pan. motilal neharoo, shrimati indira gaandhi v apane bharat ratn pati rajiv gaandhi ke adarshoan, paramparaoan ko b di shiddat se mahasoos kiya hai. ve bharat ayian to desh shrimati indira gaandhi ke netritv mean duniya ke vikasavad mean apane hone ka ehasas kara raha tha. sari duniya ne is mahila ki pad ke prati nirlipt bhavana ko dekha hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• soniya gaandhi aur bal thakare
• soniya banaeangi parti adhyaksh banane ka rek aaurd
• soniya gaandhi ne rayabareli se parcha bhara
• presanot