वैशेषिक दर्शन

parichay

pray: charvaketar sabhi bharatiy darshan moksh prapti ko manav-jivan ka lakshy manate haian. darshan shabd ka samany arth hai- dekhane ka madhyam ya sadhan<balloon title="drishyanteanen iti darshanamh" style=color:blue>*</balloon> athava dekhana. sthool padarthoan ke sandarbh mean jisako drishti<balloon title="darshanan drishti:" style=color:blue>*</balloon> kaha jata hai, vahi sookshm padarthoan ke sambandh mean antardrashti hai. bharatiy chintakoan ne darshan shabd ka prayog sthool aur sookshm arthath bhautik aur adhyatmik donoan arthoan mean kiya hai, tathapi jahaan any darshanoan mean adhyatmik chintan par adhik bal diya gaya hai, vahaan nyay darshan mean praman-mimaansa aur vaisheshik darshan mean pramukh roop se pramey-mimaansa arthat bhautik padarthoan ka vishleshan kiya gaya hai. is drishti se vaisheshik darshan ko adhyatmonmukh jijnasa pradhan darshan kaha ja sakata hai. nyay aur vaisheshik darshan pramukh roop se is vicharadhara par ashrit rahe haian ki jagat mean jin vastuoan ka hamean anubhav hota hai ve sat haian. at: unhoanne drishyaman jagath se pare jo samasyaean ya gutthiyaan haian, un par vichar kendrit karane ki apeksha drishyaman jagat ko vastavik manakar usaki satta ka vishleshan karana hi adhik upayukt samajha.<balloon title="sanvidev bhagavati vastoopagame n: pramanamh, nya. va. ta. tika, 2.1.36" style=color:blue>*</balloon> vastuvadi aur jijnasa pradhan hone ke karan tatha pramey-pradhan vishleshan ke karan vaisheshik darshan vyavaharik ya laukik drishti se bhi bahut mahattvapoorn hai. nyay-vaisheshik ke anusar jnata, jney aur jnan ki prithakh-prithakh vastu-satta hai, jabaki vedant mean yah mana jata hai ki jnata jnanasvaroop hai aur jney bhi jnan se prithakh nahian hai. nyay aur vaisheshik yadyapi samanatantr haian, phir bhi nyay praman-pradhan darshan hai jabaki vaisheshik pramey-pradhan. isake atirikt any kee sankalpanaoan mean bhi in donoan darshanoan ka parthaky hai.

vaisheshik nam ka karan

vaisheshik darshan apane ap mean mahattvapoorn hone ke atirikt any darshanoan tatha vidyasthanoan ke pratipady siddhantoan ke jnan aur vishleshan mean bhi bahut upakarak hai. kautily ne vaisheshik ka prithakh roop se to ullekh nahian kiya, kintu sanbhavat: samanatantr anvikshiki mean vaisheshik ka bhi antarbhav manate hue kautily ne yah kaha ki anvikshiki sab vidyaoan ka pradip hai.<balloon title=" pradip: sarvavidyanamupay: sarvakarmanamh. ashray: sarvadharmanaan tasmadanvikshiki mata॥ kau. arthashastr" style=color:blue>*</balloon>

bharatiy chintan-parampara mean nyay, vaisheshik, saankhy, yog, mimaansa, vedant prabhriti chh: astik darshanoan aur charvak, bauddh, jain in tin nastik darshanoan ka apana-apana sthan v mahattv raha hai.

• saankhy mean trividh du:khoan ki nivritti ko,
• yog mean chittavritti ke nirodh ko,
• mimaansa mean dharm ki jijnasa ko aur
• vedant mean brahm ki jijnasa ko ni:shreyas ka sadhan bataya gaya hai; jabaki vaisheshik mean padarthoan ke tattvajnanaroopi dharm arthath unake samany aur vishisht roopoan ke vishleshan se paralaukik ni:shreyas ke sath-sath ih laukik abhyuday ko bhi sadhy mana gaya hai.<balloon title="yatoabhyudayani:shreyasasiddhi: s dharm:. vai. soo. 1.1.2" style=color:blue>*</balloon> any darshanoan mean pray: jnan ki satta<balloon title="satyan jnanamanantan brahm" style=color:blue>*</balloon> ko siddh man kar usake astitvabodh aur vijnan ko moksh ya ni:shrey ka sadhan bataya gaya hai, kintu vaisheshik mean drishyaman vastuoan ke sadharmy-vaidharmyamoolak tattvajnan ko sadhy mana gaya hai. is prakar vaisheshik darshan mean lokadharmita tatha vaijnanikata se samanvit adhyatmikata parilakshit hoti hai. yahi karan hai ki nyay-vaisheshik ko vyakaran ke saman any shastroan ke jnan ka bhi upakarak ya pradip kaha gaya hai.<balloon title="kanadan paniniyan ch sarvashastropakarakamh." style=color:blue>*</balloon>

advait vedant mean brahm ko hi ekamatr sat kaha gaya hai. bauddhoan ne sarv shoonyan jaise kathan kiye, saankhyoan ne prakriti-purush ke vivek ki bat ki. is prakar in sabane bhautik jagath ke samoohik ya sarvasamany kisi ek tattv ko bhautik jagath se bahar dhooandhane ka prayatn kiya. kintu vaisheshikoan ne n keval samagr brahmand ka, apitu pratyek padarth ka tattv usake hi andar dhooandhane ka prayas kiya aur yah bataya ki pratyek vastu ka niji vaishishtray hi usaka tattv ya svaroop hai aur pratyek vastu apane ap mean ek satta hai. is mool bhavana ke sath hi vaisheshikoan ne drishyaman jagat ki sabhi vastuoan ko chh: ya sat vargoan mean samahit karake vastuvadi drishti se apane mantavy prastut kiye. in chh: ya sat padarthoan mean sarvapratham dravy ka ullekh kiya gaya hai, kyoanki usako hi kendrit karake any padarth apani satta ka bhan karate haian. pahale to vaisheshikoan ne chh: hi padarth mane the, par bad mean unako yah abhas hua ki vastuoan ke bhav ki tarah unaka abhav bhi vastutattv ke niroopan mean sahayak hota hai. at: gun, karm samany vishesh ke sath-sath abhav ka bhi vaisheshik padarthoan mean samavesh kiya gaya. abhipray yah hai ki sabhi 'vastuoan ka niji vaishishtray hi unaka svabhav hai' – kya is adhar par hi is shastr ko vaisheshik kaha gaya? is jijnasa ke samadhan ke sandarbh mean anek vidvanoan ne jo vichar prastut kiye, unaka sar is prakar hai –

1. vishesh padarth se yukt hone ke karan yah shastr vaisheshik kahalata hai. any darshanoan mean vishesh ka upadesh vaisa nahian hai jaisa ki isamean hai. vishesh ko svatantr padarth manane ke karan is darshan ki any darshanoan se bhinnata hai. vishesh padarth vyavartak hai. at: is shastr ki sanjna vaisheshik hai.
2. vishesh gunoan ka uchchhed hi mukti hai, n ki du:kh ka atyantik uchchhed. mukti ka pratipadan charvaketar sabhi darshan karate haian, kintu vishesh gun ko lekar mukti ka pratipadan isi darshan mean kiya gaya hai.
3. vigat: shesh: yatr s vishesh:- is prakar ka vigrah karane par vishesh ka arth 'niravashesh' ho jata hai aur is prakar sabhi padarthoan ka chh: ya sat mean antarbhav ho jata hai.
4. 'visheshanan vishesh:'—aisa vigrah karane par yah arth ho jata hai ki padarthoan ke lakshan- parikshan dvara jo shastr unaka bodh karavaye, vah vaisheshik hai.
5. is darshan mean atma ke bhed tatha usamean rahane vale vishesh gunoan ka vyakhyan kiya gaya hai. kapil ne atma ke bhedoan ko svikar kiya, kintu unako vishesh gun vala nahian mana. vedant to atma ke bhed aur gunoan ko svikar nahian karata. at: atma ke vishesh gun aur bhed svikar karane se is darshan ko vaisheshik kaha jata hai.
6. anek pashchatty aur bharatiy vidvanoan ne vaisheshik ko dipharensiyalist darshan kaha hai, kyoanki unaki drishti mean yah bhedabuddhi (vaishishtray-vichar) par adharit hone ke karan bhedavadi hai.

vaisheshik shabd ki vyutpatti

vaisheshik shabd ki vyutpatti vibhinn bhashyakaroan, tikakaroan aur vrittikaroan ne apane-apane drishtikon se ki. unamean se kuchh ka yahaan ullekh karana aprasangik n hoga.

1. achary chandr : vaisheshik vishishtopadeshta.
2. chandrakant : yadidan vaisheshikan nam shastramarabdhan tatkhalu tantrantarath visheshasyarth- syabhidhanath (chandrakantabhashyamh).
3. manibhadrasoori: naiyayikebhyo dravyagunadisamagrya vishishtamiti vaisheshikamh (shaddarshanasamuchchay-vritti- pri. 4).
4. gunaratn: nityadravyavrittayoantya vishesha: evan vaisheshikamh (vinayadibhy: svarthe ikh) tadh vaisheshikan vidanti adhiyate va (tadvaityadhit ityani) vaisheshika: teshamidan vaisheshikamh (shaddarshanasamuchchayavritti).
5. udayanachary: (k)vishesho vyavachchhed: tattvanishchay: ten vyavaharantityarth: (kiranavali pri. 613), (kh) tattvamanaropitan roopamh. tachch sadharmyavaidharmyabhyamev vivichyate (kiranavali pri. 5)
6. shridhar : sadharmy-vaidharmyamh ev tattvamh (asyarth: - vaidharmaroopath tattvath utpannan yath shastran tadev vaisheshikamh) – nyayakandali).
7. durvekamishr : dravyakunakarmasamanyavisheshasamavayatmake padarthavisheshe vyavaharantiti vaisheshika: (dharmottarapradip:).
8. adhunik samikshak : udayavir shastri prabhriti adhikatar vidvanoan ka bhi yahi vichar hai –kanad ne jin param sookshm prithivyadi bhootatattvoan ko jagath ka mool upadan mana hai, unaka nam vishesh hai. at: isi adhar par is shastr ka nam vaisheshik p da.<balloon title="vai. d. vidyodayabhashy, pri. 19" style=color:blue>*</balloon>

vaisheshikasootr mean vaisheshik shabd keval ek bar prayukt hua hai<balloon title="(1) vai. soo. 10.2.7" style=color:blue>*</balloon>- jisaka arth hai- visheshata.

uparyukt kathanoan par vichar karane ke anantar yahi mat samuchit pratit hota hai ki nity aur anity padarthoan ke antim paramanuoan mean rahane vale aur unako ek doosare se vyavritt karane vale vishesh namak padarth ki udbhavana par adharit hone ke karan is darshan ka nam vaisheshik p da. yogasootr par apane bhashy mean vyas ne bhi isi mat ka samarthan kiya hai.<balloon title="yogasootr vyasabhashy, 1.4.9" style=color:blue>*</balloon>

tika-tippani

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