बदनसिंह
bharatapur ka itihas usaki bhaugolik sthiti ne nirdharit kiya, phir bhi bharatapur rajy ka srijan atharavian shatabdi ke do asadharan rajanetaoan–thakur badan sianh aur maharaja soorajamal ka hi krititv hai. uthal-puthal se bhari atharavian shatabdi ke lagabhag pachas saloan tak n koee jat-rajy tha, n sangathit jat-rashtr aur n koee aisa jat-shasak tha jise sarv sammati se ‘saman logoan mean pratham’ mana ya samajha jata ho. choo daman is sthiti tak lagabhag pahuanch gaya tha, parantu usane apane logoan ki sahanashilata ki b di-k di pariksha li thi aur badan sianh ko qaid karane ke bad vah apani pratishtha ganva baitha tha. abhimani aur hathi, har thok (qabile) ka mukhiya apani hi bat par a da rahata tha; usaki drishti sankirn aur mahattvakaanksha asim hoti thi. badan sianh ke sammukh jo vikat badhaean thian, unaka use bhali-bhaanti jnan tha. apane hi kutumbi sin-sinavaroan mean bhi vah biradari ka mukhiya svikar kiya gaya tha. choo daman ke putroan mokham sianh aur zulakaran sianh ne n apana dava tyaga tha aur n shatruta hi. varishth shakha ke ye adhikar vanchit uttaradhikari sada mauqa dhooandhate rahate the. any saradaroan ne satark rahakar pratiksha karane ki niti apanaee thi.
vyaktitv
badan sianh mean samasyaoan ka samana karane ke gun vidyaman the. vah apane kam mean asadharan kaushal aur athak dhairy ke sath jut gaya. usane bal-prayog aur anunay-vinay-donoan ka hi samajhadari se prayog kiya. shatruoan ka vinash karane, mitroan ko puraskar dene, apane rajy ko samriddh karane aur apane kshetr ko badhane ke lie usane sabhi upayoan se kam liya. avashyakata p dane par vah yuddh karata tha; khulakar rishvat deta tha aur usane bar-bar vivah kie. apani patniyoan ka chunav vah shakti-sampann jat-parivaroan mean se karata tha. saumy-shishtachar tatha sarvajanik vinamrata ke pichhe usaki lauh ichchha-shakti tatha nishthur dridh sankalp chhipa tha. jayapur ke jayasianh kachhavaha ke sarankshan ke karan usaki saphalata sunishchit thi. choo daman ki 'gaddi' par badan sianh ko bithakar jayasianh ne asadharan dooradarshita dikhaee thi. jatoan ko apana virodhi banane ke bajay unhean apane paksh mean rakhana har drishti se samajhadari ka kam tha. amer ke shasakoan ne mugal samrajy ki b di seva ki thi. usaka inam bhi unhean achchha mila tha. adhikar-prabhav pad ,pratishtha, rajy-kshetr aur dhan-sabakuchh unake pas tha. agara aur mathura ki, jahaan jat basate the, 'soobedari' ek se adhik bar amer ke rajavansh ko di thi.
prabhutv, upadhi, aur rajy-kshetr
bharatapur ke paha di uttari kshetroan mean khooankhar mev basate the; unaka dharm islam tha aur jivika ka sadhan lootapat. jayasianh ne badan sianh se mevoan ki uchchhriankhal gatividhiyoan ka daman karane ko kaha. usane unase nipatane ke lie apane kishor-putr soorajamal tatha ek nikat sambandhi thakur sultan sianh ko bheja, parinam bahut santoshajanak rahe. soorajamal ke acharan aur sahas se unake sainik bahut prabhavit hue. is abhiyan ki saphalata se jayasianh bahut prasann hua. usane sinasinavar soorajamal ko n keval 'nishan', naga da aur pancharanga jhanda hi, balki 'brajaraj' ki upadhi bhi pradan ki . 2,40,000 rupaye varshik kar lekar usane mevat ko badan sianh ke adhin kar diya, jisase use nishchit roop se 18,00,000 rupaye ki varshik ay hoti thi. badan sianh sabake samane jayasianh ke abhar ko svikar karata tha. dhire-dhire usane jayasianh ka poorn vishvas prapt kar liya aur jayasianh ne is jat-saradar ko agara, dilli aur jayapur jane vale rajamarg par gasht karane aur in rajamargoan ka upayog karane valoan se path-kar ugahane ka kary sauanp diya. is prakar badan sianh ko prabhutv, upadhi, aur rajy-kshetr–tinoan chizean prapt ho geean, jo any kisi jat-saradar ke pas nahian thian. yah chatur sinasinavar bahut samajhadari ke sath 'raja' ki upadhi-dharan karane ke lobh ka sanvaran kie raha.
rajadhani ke lie khoj
badanasianh ne apani rajadhani ke lie khoj shuroo kar di. thoon ke sath usaki apriy smritiyaan ju di thi. sinasini ekamatr b da gaanv tha, jahaan pani bhi nahian tha. usane mahatma pritamadas ki salah par dig ko chuna. usane nianv khudavaee, samaroh mean mahatma ji ko bhi bulavaya. jab mahatma pritamadas bhoomi khodate he gyarah bar phav da chala chuke tab badanasianh ne kaha- "baba ji ap thak ge hoange; gyarah kafi haian. pritamasianh ne phav da chho d diya aur apana hath badanasianh ke kandhe par rakhate hue kaha, "tumhara vansh gyarah pidhi tak shasan karega." unaki bhavishyavani bilakul sahi nikali.
qile bagichoan aur mahaloan nirman ka kary
dig ke qile bagichoan aur mahaloan ke nirman ka kary sanh 1725 mean arambh hua aur us shatabdi ke samapt hone tak chalata raha. kahian koee naya bhavan ya kahian koee mandap banavata, kisi bagiche mean koee parivartan karata, kisi talab ko badhavata ya burjoan ko ne dhang se banavata raha. akabar ke rajyakal mean bharatiy vastukala utkrishtata ke bahut ooanche star par pahuanch gee thi. fatehapur sikari (jo vartaman bharatapur se das mil poorv mean hai) usaka banavaya smarak hai. jahaangir ki ruchi bhavanoan ke nirman mean kam aur bagiche banavane mean adhik rahian, parantu shahajahaan ne sansar ke kuchh sabase sundar bhavan taiyar karavae.
- shahajahaan mugal-samratoan mean antim bhavan-nirmata tha. tajamahal aj bhi advitiy hai, parantu usake rajy-kal ke antim dinoan (sanh 1658) mean bani mugal imaratoan mean vastu–kaushal kuchh kshin ho gaya tha. aurangazeb ke rajy-kal mean yah hras saf dikhata hai. usaki mrityu tak mugal vastukala ka astitv vyavaharatah samapt ho gaya tha. agara aur dilli ke shreshth bhavan-nirmataoan ne rajasthan ke rajaoan ke yahaan naukari kar li thi. sanh 1650 se lekar 1850 tak ke 200 varshoan mean jayapur ke gulabi shahar aur dig ke mahaloan se sivay kala ki drishti se koee bhavan bana hi nahian. dilli mean navab safadarajang ka maqabara bhi humayooan ke maqabare ki, jo usase keval mil-bhar door hai, ek naqal matr hai. aurangabad mean bana 'bibi ka maqabara' bharat-bhar mean apane dhang ki sabase badasoorat imarat hai; yah us purush ka bilakul upayukt smarak hai, jisane sabhi sabhy amod-pramodoan ko tyajy thahara diya tha.
- nirakshar hone par bhi, badan sianh mean ashcharyajanak saundary-bodh tha. sundar udyan–prasadoan ki bhavy rooparekha usi ne akele rachi thi. dilli aur agara ke shreshth mistari, jhuand banakar badan sianh aur soorajamal ke darabaroan mean rozagar dhooandhane ate the. in donoan ne hi apane vipul evan nav-arjit dhan ka upayog kalakritiyoan ke srijan ke lie kiya. bharatapur rajy mean suvyavastha aur jivan tatha sampatti ki suraksha thi, jo anyatr durlabh thian, aur jisake lie log tarasate the. isake viparit, dilli aur agara mean ashanti aur avyavastha thi.
- is samay badan sianh ke pas jan, dhan aur sadhan-sabhi kuchh tha. apane bhavan-nirman-karyakram ke lie usane jivanaram banachari ko apana nirman-mantri niyukt kiya. banachari bahut yogy aur suruchi sampann vyakti tha. apane lie usane ek b da lal patthar ka makan banavaya tha, jo ajakal sthaniy chikitsa adhikariyoan ke qabze mean hai.
bharatapur mean sinasinavaroan ke alava, ek any pramukh jat-parivar dig ke dakshin-pashchim mean sthir soghar gaanv ke soghariyoan ka tha. yah charoan taraf daladal se ghira tha. barasat mean is gaanv tak pahuanchana bahut hi mushkil tha. raksha ki drishti se yah adarsh jagah thian. yuddh ke samay ban-ganga aur rooparel in do nadiyoan ka pani kshetr ko jalamagn karane ke lie chho da ja sakata tha, jisase shatru age n badhane pae. atharavian shatabdi mean thakur khemakaran sianh soghariya ne soghar tatha as-pas ke gaanvoan par adhikar jama liya tha. usane sabase ooanchi jagah par qila banavaya aur usaka nam fatahagadh rakha. anek varshoan tak vah aur usaka kutumb phalata-phoolata raha; unaka prabhav aur pratishtha badhati gee. badanasianh ki maan achalasianh soghariya ki beti thi. parantu bharatapur mean donoan abhimani kutumb sath-sath shantipoorvak nahian rah sakate the. badan sianh apane p dos mean kisi pratidvandvi shakti ko basane ko taiyar nahian tha. sanh 1732 mean usane apane 25 varshiy putr soorajamal ko soghar par adhikar karane ke lie bheja. soorajamal ne akraman karake soghar ko jit liya. soghariya log jamakar l de, parantu har jane par unhoanne ne shasan ko svikar kar liya. badan sianh ne apane putr ko vijay ki avashyakata aur samajhaute ki upayogita-donoan batean sikhalaee thian. soghariya logoan ko vyavahar-kaushal tatha sadbhavana dvara shant kar diya gaya.
bharatapur ke qile ka nirman-kary shuroo karane ke kuchh samay bad badan sianh ki nazar kamazor ho gayi thi. atah apane sabase yogy aur vishvasapatr putr soorajamal ko rajakaj sauanp diya. pahale bhi shasan vahi karata tha, badan sianh to keval nam ka raja tha. badan sianh rajy-parishad mean adhyaksh banakar baithata tha. pratyek ne kary ya abhiyan ke lie soorajamal usaki anumati lene jata tha. jab sanh 1739 mean nadirashah ka akraman hua, tab tak badanasianh ek samany zamiandar se badhakar,
- fadar baiandel ke shabdoan mean– "shighr hi ek aisa raja ban gaya tha, jisamean apane logoan ke virodh ke hote hue bhi apane pad par bane rahane layaq yathesht shakti bhi itani thi ki log n keval usaka samman karean, apitu antatogatva usase darane bhi lagean."[1]
- fadar baiandel ka kathan hai ki thakur badanasianh ki 50 patniyaan thian. " inamean se kuchh to baqayada vivah dvara prapt huee thian aur kuchh ko usane yoan hi zabaradasti rakh liya tha." badanasianh ki sachamuch hi anek patniyaan thian aur us kal ke chalan ke anusar kee rakhailean bhi thian. usake chhabbis putroan ke nam milate haian. usaki kuchh putriyaan bhi avashy huee hoangi, parantu un ka vivaran nahian milata. soorajamal rajy ka shasan karata tha, parantu baqi pachchis mean se pratyek ko jagirean di gee thi. unake vanshajoan ka bharatapur mean aj bhi adar hota hai. ve 'kothariband thakuroan' ke roop mean vikhyat haian."[2]
- apane jivan ke antim das varshoan mean badan sianh adhikaansh samay shahar aur dig mean bitata tha. vah har sal apani jayapur 'tirth-yatra' par jaya karata tha, parantu sanh 1750 ke bad usaka yah jana kam ho gaya. dilli jane ke lie use koee razi nahian kar paya. "maian to ek zamidar hooan. shahi darabar mean mera kya kam."
- fadar baiandel, ek apramanik itihasakar hote hue bhi, sajiv aur rochak haian. badan sianh ke vishal parivar ka varnan karate hue ve kahate haian- "yah bhi afavah hai ki usake vanshajoan ka chianti-dal itana zyada b da hai ki jab usake parivar ke koee sadasy usake pas lae jate haian, tab svayan use unhean pahachanane mean aur yah yad karane mean kathinaee hoti hai ki kis bachche ki maan kaun thi. jyoan-jyoan ayu aur vishayasakti ke phalasvaroop usaki drishti kramashah ghatane lagi, tyoan-tyoan yah kathinaee adhikadhik badhati gee. ant mean to sthiti yah ho gee ki jab usake bachche pita ko pranam karate ate the, tab unhean apani mata ka nam, apani ayu aur apana nivas-sthan batana p data tha, tabhi unake pranam ka uttar mil pata tha."[3]
savaee jayasianh ki mrityu ke bad usake putroan eeshvarisianh aur madhosianh mean yuddh hua. madhosianh ki maan udayapur ki thi. meva d ke rana ne apane bhanjean ke lie juta liya. maratha shasak asamanjas mean rahe par bad mean jodhapur, booandi tatha kota ke shasakoan ne madhosianh ko samarthan de diya, sirf bharatapur ke jatoan ne jayasianh ko die vachan anusar eeshvarisianh ka sath diy. apane pita ke sabhi durgun eeshvarisianh ko virasat mean mile the. sanh 1747 mean ahamadashah abdali ke akraman ke samay vah bhag gaya tha. badanasianh ne soorajamal ko eeshvari ki madad ke lie jayapur bheja. 10,000 ghu dasavar, 2,000 paidal aur 2,000 barchhebaz lekar soorajamal kumher se chala. jayapur ki taraph se shivasianh l d raha tha. soorajamal ke chacha aur usake bete sukharamasianh, gokularamasianh, sahajaramasianh soorajamal ke sath the.
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