भारतीय संस्कृति का प्रसार
bharatiy sanskriti ke videshoan v eshiya ke bhag tatha sudoor poorv ke deshoan mean prasar ke karanoan ka ullekh nimn prakar se kiya ja sakata hai-
bharat ki mahattvapoorn samarik sthiti
prachinakal ke sabhy sansar mean bharat ki sthiti atyadhik mahattvapoorn thi. hind mahasagar ke tat par sthit hone ke karan bharat ki kendriy sthiti thi. vah tatkalin sabhy evan susanskrit deshoan ke samudri bhagoan ke madhy mean sthit hone se un deshoan mean phaili huee sabhyataoan ke sampark mean ata rahata tha. sumatra, java, bali, borniyo, syam, hindachin, barma (vartaman myaanmar) aur malaya adi desh isi prakar se bharatiy sanskriti ke sampark mean akar sabhy bane.
vyapar ki vritti
sanskriti aur sabhyata ka prasar vijay aur vyapar ke sath hota hai. bharatiy sanskriti ke prasar mean bharatavasiyoan ki vyapar yatraoan ne anupam sahayog pradan kiya. us kal ke bharatiyoan ko jnan tha ki poorvi dvip-samooh masaloan aur svarn ke khanoan se bharapoor haian, at: bharatiy navik aur vyapari un deshoan ki atyadhik yatra karate the, jinake karan vahaan ki jatiyaan unake sampark mean ane lagian aur bharatiy sanskriti se prabhavit hone lagian.
dharm prachar ka utsah
prachin hindoo manishiyoan, rrishi-muniyoan aur bauddh dharm ke pracharakoan mean dharmik prachar ka utsah atyadhik tha, at: ve bhi vyapariyoan ke sath-sath dharm prachar ke lie videshoan mean jate rahate the. inaka jivan tyag evan tapasya ke tez se alokit rahata tha. ye log bhishan badhaoan ka samana karate aur ni:shank hokar asabhy jatiyoan ko dharmopadesh dekar apane dharm mean dikshit karate the. inaka param lakshy saty ka anveshan aur usaka vishv mean prasar tha.
aupaniveshik prasar ki lalasa
bharatiy sanskriti ke prachar aur prasar ka sarvadhik shrey un sahasi aur utsahi bharatavasiyoan ko prapt hai, jinhoanne videsh gaman karake vibhinn deshoan mean bharatiy upaniveshoan ki sthayi roop se sthapana ki. in upaniveshoan ne bharatiy sanskriti aur sabhyata ke pradhan kendroan ke roop mean vishesh saphalata prapt ki tatha apane sampark mean ane vali jatiyoan ko bharatiy sanskriti, sabhyata aur dharm ne poornataya prabhavit kiya.
bharatiy sabhyata aur sanskriti ka prasar
bharatiy sabhyata aur sanskriti ke prasar ka avalokan nimn shirshakoan ke antargat kiya ja sakata hai-
madhy eshiya
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
yah vibhinn jatiyoan ke nivas aur unaki sanskritiyoan ke avashisht avasheshoan ke lie prasiddh hai. maury samrajy ke vistar, samrat ashok ke dharm prachar tatha kushan shasakoan ke is bhag par adhikar ke karan bhi bharat ka madhy eshiya ke sath ghanishth sampark sthapit ho gaya tha. vartaman kal mean madhy eshiya sthit vishal 'gobi ke marusthal' mean us samay sukh-samriddhi se paripoorn vishal upanivesh sthapit kiye ge.
- chini yatri phahyan
chini yatri phahyan ke anusar eesavi sanh ki pratham shatabdi tak madhy eshiya ka bharatiyakaran kiya ja chuka tha. vahaan ki 'libanar jhil' ke pashchim ki or basi samast jatiyoan ne bharatiy dharm aur bhasha grahan kar li thi. vahaan paye ge avasheshoan se siddh ho chuka hai ki vahaan ab se lagabhag do sahasr varsh poorv anek aise nagar the, jinamean bharatiy nivas karate the. vahaan par kiye ge utkhanan mean anek sthanoan par mahatma buddh, ganesh, kuber evan any devi - devataoan ki moortiyaan tatha bauddh stoop, vihar, chitr, hastalikhit granth, bharatiy sikke tatha bharatiy lipi mean likhe chhote-chhote abhilekhoan ki upalabdhi huee. inase spasht hai ki vahaan bauddh dharm aur hindoo dharm ka vyapak prasar tha, sanskrit bhasha ka prayog kiya jata tha tatha 'gandhar shaili' evan bharatiy takshan-kala ka prabhav tha. 'ajanta kala' ke avashesh bhi vahaan prapt hue haian.
- chini yatri hvenasaang
satavian shatabdi mean chini yatri hvenasaang ne is bat ki pushti ki hai ki us kal ke madhy eshiya mean bharatiy sanskriti aur sabhyata tatha bauddh dharm ka poornaroopen prasar tha. us samay madhy eshiya mean sthit kuchh prasiddh bharatiy rajy kashagar, koocha, turkan aur khotan adi the. bharatiy sanskriti ke in mukhy kendroan se bharatiy dharm pracharakoan ne age badhakar chin, mangoliya, koriya aur japan adi eshiya ke doorasth bhagoan mean bauddh dharm aur bharatiy sanskriti ki vijay pataka phaharaee.
chin, japan, filipain dvip adi mean bharatiy sanskriti
madhy eshiya se bharatiy sanskriti aur dharm prasar chin, japan, mangoliya, koriya aur filipain dvip samooh adi mean kiya gaya. eesavi sanh ki pratham shatabdi mean kashyap, matang, dharmaratn adi dharm pracharak, bauddh dharm aur bharatiy sanskriti ka sandesh lekar khotan se chin mean pravisht hue. tisari shatabdi se chhathi shatabdi ke samay mean sampoorn chin desh mean bauddh dharm phail gaya. chin ke samratoan ne rajadharm ko uchch sthan pradan kiya. vahaan par bauddh viharoan ka nirman karaya gaya. isake pashchath chin mean taang vansh ke shasan ka arambh ho gaya, jo 698 ee. se 907 ee. tak raha. yah chin ke itihas mean bauddh dharm ka svarn yug mana jata hai. anek chini yatri mahatma buddh ki pavitr bhoomi ka darshan karane tatha bauddh dharm granthoan ko prapt karane bharat aye. unhoanne pali v sanskrit bhashaoan ka jnan prapt kiya tatha bauddh granthoan ka chini bhasha mean anuvad kiya. unhoanne bharatiy sanskriti ka chin mean prachar kiya. vahaan ki kala par gandhar kala aur 'gupt kala' ka prabhav spasht roop se drishtigochar hota hai.
eesavi sanh ki chauthi shatabdi mean bauddh dharm ka prasar chin se koriya pray:dvip mean hone laga. koriya se chhathi shatabdi mean is dharm ka prasar japan dvipasamooh mean hua. bharatiy sanskriti aur sabhyata ne japan ki sanskriti ko vibhinn kshetroan mean atyadhik matra mean prabhavit kiya. mangol samratoan dvara 13vian shatabdi mean bauddh dharm aangikar kiya gaya. is dharm ka prasar mangoliya mean manchooriya aur saiberiya mean bhi hua. adhunik anveshanoan se siddh ho chuka hai ki filipain dvipasamooh mean bhi dakshin bharat ke nivasiyoan dvara upaniveshoan ki sthapana ki gee thi. unake dainik jivan ke sabhi kshetroan ko bharatiy sanskriti ne poornat: prabhavit kiya tha.
afaganistan
us kal mean afaganistan mean sanskrit bhasha ko mahattvapoorn sthan prapt tha. vartaman kal mean bhi anek afagan yuvak sanskrit bhasha ka adhyayan karate haian. afaganistan ke saman hi eeran, siriya, khurasan aur irak adi deshoan mean bhi islam ke poorv bauddh dharm prachalit tha.
tibbat
satavian shatabdi ke kee bharatiy vidvanoan ne tibbat ki yatra ki aur vahaan bauddh dharm ka prachar kiya. isake uparant 747 ee. mean kashmir se achary padmasambhav tibbat pahuanche. vahaan unhoanne tantravad se yukt bauddh dharm ki mahayan shakha ka prachar kiya. mahayan ke adhar par hi age chalakar tibbat mean lama mat ka vikas hua. tibbat ke bauddh shasak dvara amantrit kie jane par ‘nalanda vishvavidyalay’ ke achary shantarakshit bhi vahaan ge. unhoanne vahaan ‘samooye’ namak pratham bauddh vihar ka nirman karaya, bauddh mat ke granthoan ka anuvad kiya gaya, tatha tibbat ke nivasiyoan mean se anekoan ko bauddh bhikshu banaya gaya. gyarahavian shatabdi mean bangal ke pal nareshoan ne tibbat mean bauddh dharm ke prachar aur sudhar mean sahayog pradan kiya. 1028 ee. mean bangal ke prakhyat achary dipashankar shrijnan ne tibbat mean vajrayan ka prachar kiya, jisamean devi shaktiyoan ki prapti ke lie tantr-mantr aur jadoo-tonoan ka sahara liya jata hai. dharm ke sath-sath tibbat ki kala ko bhi bharatiy kala ne prabhavit kiya.
|
|
|
|
|
|