दिल्ली

dilli

dilli paryatan

dilli zila

thumb|300px|dilli ke vibhinn drashy dilli bharat ki rajadhani evan mahanagariy kshetr hai. isamean nee dilli sammilit hai jo ki aitihasik purani dilli ke bad basi thi. mahan aitihasik mahattv vala yah mahanagariy kshetr mahattvapoorn vyaparik, parivahan evan saanskritik halachaloan se bhara hai. dilli desh ke uttari madhy bhag me ganga ki ek pramukh sahayak yamuna nadi ke donoan taraph basi hai. dilli desh ka tisara b da shahar hai. anushruti hai ki isaka vartaman nam raja dhiloo ke nam par p da jisaka adhipaty ee.poo pahali shatabdi me is kshetr par tha. baharahal bijola abhilekhoan (1170ee.) me ullekhit dhilli ya dhillika sabase pahala likhit uddharan hai. mahabharat kal mean pandavoan dvara basaya gaya indraprasth nagar, dilli aj hamare desh ka hriday kahalata hai. yahaan ke aitihasik sthal tatha ramaniy sthal apane ap mean vishesh haian. paryatan vikas ke udveshy se yah agara aur jayapur se juda hai.

itihas

mahakavy-mahabharat kal se hi dilli ka vishesh ullekh raha hai. dilli ka shasan ek vansh se doosare vansh ko hastaantarit hota gaya. yah mauryoan se aranbh hokar pallavoan tatha madhy bharat ke guptoan se hota hua 13 vian se 15 vian sadi tak turk aur aphagan aur aant mean 16 vian sadi mean mugaloan ke hathoan mean pahuancha. 18 vian sadi ke uttararddh aur 19 vian sadi ke poorvarddh mean dilli mean aangrezi shasan ki sthapana huee. 1911 mean kolakata se rajadhani dilli sthanaantarit hone par yah shahar sabhi tarah ki gatividhiyoan ka keandr ban gaya. 1956 mean keandrashasit pradesh ka darja prapt hua. dilli ke itihas mean 69 vaan sanvidhan sanshodhan vidheyak ek mahattvapoorn ghatana hai. jisake phalasvarup rashtriy rajadhani kshetr adhiniyam 1991 mean lagoo ho jane se dilli mean vidhanasabha ka gathan hua. [[chitr:Red-Fort.jpg|thumb|250px|left|lal qila, dilli
Red Fort, Delhi]] dilli ka puratatvik paridrishy atyant dilachasp hai v sahasrabdiyoan purane smarak kadam-kadam par kh de najar ate haian. ne ya purane qileband sthan par nirmit 13 shaharoan ne dilli–aravali trikon ke lagabhag 180 varg kilomitar ke ek simit kshetr mean apani mauzoodagi ke nishan chho de haian. dilli ke bare me yah kianvadanti prachalit hai ki jisane bhi yahaan naya shahar banaya, use ise khona p da. sabase purana nagar iandraprasth, karib 1400 ee.poo nirmit kiya gaya tha aur ved vyas rachit mahakavy mahabharat mean isaka varnan paandavo ki rajadhani ke rup mean milata hai. is trikon me nirmit dilli ka doosara shahar hai anangapur ya anandapur, jisaki sthapana lagabhag 1020 ee. me tomar rajapoot naresh anang pal ne rajanivas ke rup me ki thi. yah shahar arddhavrittakar nirmit talab soorajakuand ke asapas basa tha. anang pal ne bad me ise 10 kilomitar pashchim ki or lalakot par sthapit ek durg me sthanaantarit kiya.

sanbhavat: ek chauhan rajapoot vishal dev dvara 1153 me ise jitane ke poorv lal kot par lagabhag ek shatabdi tak tomar rajaoan ka adhipaty raha. vishal dev ke pautr prithviraj tritiy ya ray pithora ne 1164 ee. me lal kot ke charoan or vishal parakot banakar isaka vistar kiya. yah dilli ka tisara shahar kahalata hai. aur qila ray pithora ke nam se jana gaya. kee itihasakar ise dilli ke sat shaharoan mean pratham manate haian. 1192 ki l daee me muslim akramanakari muhammad gori ne prithviraj ki hatya kar di. gori yahaan se daulat lootakar chale ge aur apane gulam kutubuddin aibak ko yahaan ka upashasak niyukt kar ge. 1206 me gori ki mrityu ke bad kutubuddin aibak ne svany ko bharat ka sultan ghoshit kar diya aur lalakot ko apane samrajy ki rajadhani banaya. agali tin shatabdiyoan tak yahaan chhote aantanraloan ke sath sultan vansh ka shasan raha. kutubuddin aibak ne lal kot ko ek aur mahattvapoorn smarak kutub minar diya. yah vijay ka smarak tha aur sanbhavat: ek masjid ki minar thi lekin kutubuminar ke vartaman svarup ka nirman firoj shah ne poora karavaya, jisamean unhoanne sangamaramar ke alankaran ke kam ke sath–sath do aur manjilean banavaee jisame usaki ooanchaee 74 mitar ho gee. ek taraph se yah bharat me sultan vansh ke gauravapoorn v vijayi agaman ka pratik thi.

khalaji shasan (1290-1321) ke dauran dilli par mangol luteroan ne akraman kar isake asurakshit upanagaroan ko dhvast kar diya. 1303 mean alauddin ne isake charoan or 1.7 varg kilomitar kshetr mean ek naya vrittakar qilaband shahar banavaya taki mangol pun akraman kar upanagaroan v bagichoan ko dhvast n kar sakean. [[chitr:India-gate.jpg|thumb|iandiya get, dilli
India Gate, Delhi]] kutub-lal kot sankul ke viparit jo shahar dehali-e-kuhana (purani dilli) kahalata tha, praranbh me lashkar ya lashkaragah (sainik chhavani) ke nam se jana gaya. lal kot ke sath ju di is charadivari se ghiri nagari ko bad me siri nam diya gaya tatha ise khalaji rajadhani (darul khilafa) ke rup mean jana gaya. isaki paridhi ki divar lagabhag 1.5 kilomitar lanbi thi aur usame kee minar v daravaje bane hue the. siri ki ganana amataur par dilli ke doosare shahar ke rup me hoti hai, kiantu yah muslim vijetaoan dvara bharat mean sthapit pahala poornat: naya shahar tha.

is prakar 14 vian shatabdi ki dilli mean kutubu-lal kot sankul sthit dehali-e-kuhana ya purani dilli; gayasapur– kilokh di sthit shahar-e-nu ya naya shahar aur siri sthit darul khilafa ya rajadhani sammilit the. 1321 me dilli tugalaqoan ke hathoan mean chali gee, kyoanki khalaji vansh ke aantim shasak ki mrityu bina purush uttaradhikari ke ho gee thi. 11 tugalaq shasakoan ne dilli par shasan ki kiya lekin vastushilp mean keval tin ne ruchi dikhaee uname se pratyek ne dilli trikon mean sthit vartaman shahari samooh mean ek ne shahar ka rajadhani ke rup me nirman kiya. yah shahar sultanoan ki sainy prakriti aur suraksha ke prati tugalaqoan ki divanagi ko darshate haian. pahale ek durg tatha bad me ek shahar ke rup me vikasit in rajadhaniyoan me pahala gayasuddin tugalaq dvara nirmit kilaband nagar – durg tugalaqabad (1321-25) tha.

muhammad bin tugalaq (shasanakal 1325-51) ne ek aisi rajadhani ki kalpana ki thi, jo samrajy ki inaki yojana ko pratibianbit kare. yah yojana vistar ki apeksha use sudridh banane ke lie thi. sima par akraman abhi ruke nahian the, isalie unhoanne kutubu dilli, siri tatha tugalaqabad ke charoan or ek raksha divar banaee aur jahaanpanah namak ek naye shahar ka nirman karavaya. apane nirman ke shighr bad hi yah shahar avyavastha ka shikar ho gaya. achanak muhammad tugalaq ne dakkan mean hal hi mean vijit kshetr par nigarani rakhane ke lie apani rajadhani devagiri le jane ka nishchay kiya, jisaka nam unhoanne daulatabad rakha. 1338 mean jahaanpanah ki abadi ko nee rajadhani ke lie kooch karane ke adesh mile. uja d dilli chhote–chhote tuk do mean bant gee aur isake khandahar ne shahar firozabad ke lie eetoan ke bhandar sabit hue. jo tisara aur aantim tugalaq kalin shahar tha. 1354 mean yamuna ke kinare sthapit yah shahar, siri se lagabhag 8 kilomitar poorvottar me sthit tha. yah shahar yani paanchavian dilli firoz shah, (1351-88) dvara basaee gee aur unhian ke nam se jani gee.

kaha jata hai ki 14 vian sadi ki dilli me tugalaqabad sainy pratishthan tha, nijamudin faqiroan ka ilaqa tha aur upanagar hauzakhas vidvanoan ki basti thi. mangol vijay ke bad samarakand aur madhy eshiya ke vishvavidyalayoan se shikshit sharanarthi dilli me a base. uchch shiksha ke lie hauzakhas ke madarase ki khyati poori saltanat mean phaili huee thi. thumb|250px|raj ghat, dilli
Raj Ghat, Delhi|left tugalaqoan ke paravarti saiyad (1414-1444) aur lodi (1451-1526) shasakoan ne svayan ko firozabad tak simit rakha. unake shasan kal ke dauran lagatar upadrav chalate rahe aur unhe ne shahar basane ka samay nahian mila. 1526 mean bharat ke pahale mugal shasak babar ka pravesh hua aur unhoanne agara ko apani rajadhani banaya. 1530 mean unake bete humayooan gaddi par baithe aur unhoanne 10 sangharshamay varsho tak dilli par raj kiya. 1553 mean unhoanne apane shasan ki sthapana ke upalakshy mean ne shahar dinapanah ka nirman kiya isake lie b di savadhani se yamuna ke kinare ek sthan chuna gaya. ab is shahar ka namonishan nahian hai. kyoanki sherashah soori ne ise poori tarah dhvast kar diya tha.

agale do mugal shasakoan akabar aur jahaangir ne agara ko rajadhani banakar bharat par shasan karana pasand kiya lekin dilli ke mahattv ko samajhakar ve bich–bich me dilli ate rahe. 1636 mean shahajahaan ne abhiyantaoan, vastuvidoan tatha jyotishiyoan ko agara v lahaur ke bich achchhe jalavayu vale sthan ke chayan ka nirdesh diya. yamuna ke pashchimi kinare par purane qile ke uttar mean sultanoan ki hajarat dilli ka chayan kiya gaya. shahajahaan ne yahaan urdoo –e-maula namak ek qile ko keandr mean rakhakar nee rajadhani ka nirman shuru karavaya. lal qile ke nam se vikhyat yah qila ath varsho mean poorn hua aur 19 aprail 1648 ko shahajahaan ne apani is nee rajadhani shahajahaannabad ke qile mean nadi ke samane vale dvar se pravesh kiya.

lahaur get qile ka bhavy praveshadvar hai. yahaan se shahar ki pramukh s dak shuru hokar fatehapuri masjid tak jati hai. 36 mitar chau di yah s dak shahar ki mukhy dhuri thi rat ko bich ke jalashay par p dati chandrama ki rupahari roshani ne is sthan ko chaandani chauk nam diya. yah s dak dilli ka samaroh sthal thi. shahajahaan aur aurangajeb yahaan apana shahi juloos nikalate the, nadirashah aur ahamad shah abdali vidrohi ghu dasavar ke rup mean nikale the aur maratha v rohillaoan ne vijay ullas manaya tha. british shasanakal mean jab dilli ko british bharat ki rajadhani banaya gaya, to l aaurd hardiang ka juloos bhi isi marg se nikala tha. jama masjid ka nirman 1644 mean praranbh hua aur nagar prachir ka nirman 1651 se 1658 ke bich hua ye shahar mean banane vale agale mahattvapoorn smarak the. arddhachandrakar akriti ki yah divar 8 mitar ooanchi, 3.5 mitar chau di v 6 kilomitar lanbi thi aur yah lagabhag 6.4 varg kilomitar ke kshetr ko ghere hue thi. is mean sat vishal daravaje the (kashmiri, mori, kabuni, lahauri, ajameri, turkamani aur akabarabadi) nadi ki or ki divar mean bhi tin daravaje (rajaghat, kilaghat aur nigamabodhaghat) the. shahar ke pramukhamarg in dvaroan tak jate the. chhoti paha di par sthit shahajahaannabad ki jama masjid jo badashahi masjid ke nam se bhi jani jati thi. bharat ki sabase b di masjid thi. 1662 mean dilli mean hue ek bhishan agnikaand mean 60 hajar aur 1716 mean bhari varsha ke karan makan dhvast hone se 23 hajar log mare ge the.

shahajahaannabad ke nirman ke 10 varsh bad hi shahajahaan ke putr aurangazeb ne shahar par kabza karake unhean agara ke qile mean najarabandakar diya aur julaee 1658 mean svayan ko badashah ghoshit kar diya. aurangazeb ko virasat mean ek saghan aur samriddh rajadhani mili thi. lekin dhire– dhire is shahar ki avanati shuru ho gee, kyoanki isaka naya shasak isake sansthapak ke viparit ekadam bhinn svabhav vala tha. shahajahaan ne kala ko badhava diya aur jiandagi ka lutph uthaya aurangazeb in donoan se door rahate the. unhe shahar ko sudanr banane mean n to dilachaspi thi. n hi unhean isaka avasar mila. vah sthayi rup se shahajahaannabad mean rahe hi nahian. unake uttaradhikariyoan ko ek vibhajit aur nirbal rajy shasan karane ko mila. faras ke lutere nadirashah ke jaghany akraman ne is shahar par aantim prahar kiya.

1803 mean agrez shasakoan ne jab dilli par kabza kiya tab yah vanijy evan vyavasay ka pramukh keandr thi, yadyapi qilaband shahar bhavy kitu jirn–shirn gandi basti mean badal chuka tha. charadivari kshetr mean lagabhag ek lakh tis hazar aur upanagaroan mean lagabhag 20 hazar log rahate hai. suraksha aur sthan ki ddashti se british kamaandaroan ne eest iandiya kapani ke karyalay lal qile ke asapas ke kshetr mean sthapit kie jo ghani abadi vala nahian tha. uttari bhag mean rezideansi banaee gee, jahaan chhavani, astabal, vanaspati kshetr, sharatragar aur barud bhandar, sima shulk karyalay ek baiank do aspatal, kuchh bangale tatha ek girajaghar bhi banae ge. nee sainy zaruratoan ke hisab se qileband me kuchh parirvatan kie ge.

qileband shahar se adhik kshetr me vistrit chhavani ko 1828 mean pashchimottar 'rij' par sthanaantarit kiya gaya. paha di ke ek ooanche sthal par paranparik evan g aauthik shaili mean vaikalpik rezideansi ka nirman kiya gaya, jisake pashchat aur bhi vishal maitak aauf haus banaya gaya usaka svami bad mean rezideant ke sthan par 'ejeant aauf delhi' bana. 1840 ke dashak me chhavani kshetr ke asapas atmanirbhar aur saanskritik rup se prithak avasiy upanagar ka vikas hua, jise nagarik kshetr kaha gaya. viliyam frezar tatha chals met k aauf jaise dilli ke praranbhik aangrez shasak yahaan ki samriddh saanskritik virasat se sammohit the mugal rajadarabar ko paranparik samaroh ko manane ki anumati thi tatha badashahoan ke nam par sikke dhale jate the. kitu 1857 ke bharatiy gadar ke pashchat sab kuchh yahaan tak ki dilli ke prati british shasan ka ravaiya bhi badal gaya. vidroh ke bad mugal badashah bahadur shah dvitiy ko rangoon (vartaman yagoon) nirvasit kar diya gaya tatha unake parivarajan ki hatya kar di gee. sena ne rajamahal par qabza karake ise qile me badal diya. qile ke asapas tatha parakote ke samip sthit 457 mitar kshetr ko sainy kshetr ghoshit kar diya aur isake v jama masjid ke bich ki tamam imaratean girakar maidan bana di geean. kashmiri get se dariyaganj tak ki adhigrahit bhoomi par chhavani ko pun: shahar mean laya gaya. yah kshetr poorv me charadivari pashchim mean maidan (espalened) v nadi ke kinare tak phaila hai. qileband shahar ke ek tihaee kshetr me chhavani bas gee. kee yooropiy videshi shahar se bahar sivil laians mean chale ge aur dariyaganj ke nivasi chaandani chauk a ge. thumb|250px|jama masjid, dilli
Jama Masjid, Delhi jaise hi dilli ke prashasan par british taj ka qabza hua, tin kriyashil ‘ikaiyoan’ mool nagar chhavani tatha amataur par sivil laians kahalane vala nagariy kshetr ke sath isake bhautik svarup ne paranparik aupaniveshik nagar ka rup le liya. dhire-dhire dilli ka adhunikikaran hone laga. 1867 mean kalakatta se dilli ke lie pahali niyamit rel chali. 1910 tak nagar me nagariy nikay ke shasan ki sthapana, jal vitaran aur mal– jal nikas pranali, doorabhash aur teligraf lainean tatha bijali ki vyavastha ho gee. chaandani chauk mean viktoriya ghantaghar banaya gaya, yahaan ki nahar pat di gee aur isake oopar vidyut tram marg ka nirman hua. 1877 mean bharat par briten ke adhipaty ko darshane ke lie british mahan darabaroan ki shrriankhala ke pahale darabar ka ayojan hua. doosara darabar 1903 mean edavard saptam ke rajyarohan ke upalakshy mean ayojit hua. tisara darabar 1911 mean hua, jo dilli ke lie ek mo d sabit hua samaroh ke dauran j aauj vi. ne ghoshana ki ki bharat ki rajadhani kalakatta se pun: dilli laee jaegi. is nirnay ko rajanitik aur prashasakiy, donoan adharoan par sahi thaharaya gaya.

janavari 1912 me rajanitik nirnay ke vyavaharik karyaanvan ke lie tin sadasyiy samiti gathit ki gee. prasiddh vastuvid sar edavin lutiyans isake sadasy the jinhoanne aantat is shahar ko naya svarup diya. is samiti ne sthal chayan ka kary praranbh kiya. samiti ne phasil ke dakshin mean sthit rayasina paha di chuni jo n to bahut door thi aur n hi bahut pas.

disanbar 1912 mean samiti ne dilli shahar ke lie lutiyans ki yojana ko manjoor kar liya is yojana ke anusar, kalakatta ke viparit vaisar aauy haus, sansad bhavan aur sachivalay ko ek jagah banana tha tatha inaka nirman is yojana ke keandr biandu rayasina paha di par nagarakot (ekrop aaulis) mean kiya jana tha.

hardiang ne ghoshana ki ki nee rajadhani ka vastushilp poorv aur pashchim shaili ka milajula rup hoga. vaisar aauy bhavan se mukhy keandriy marg rajapath (kiangsave) praranbh hota tha. jo 3.2 kilomitar lanba tha aur nadi ki or jata tha. yah marg bich me uttar– dakshin ki or apekshakrit kam bhavy marg se do bhagoan mean vibhajit hota hai. jo kviansave kahalaya. mukhy marg ki samapti ek vijay– toran, iandiya get par hoti thi. jo pratham vishv yuddh mean shahid hue shooraviroan ki smriti ka soochak tha. jab yah rajanitik sthit spasht ho gee ki satta vaisar aauy se vidhan sabha ko hastaantarit ki jani hai, to lutiyans ke sahayogi sar harabart bekar ko sansad bhavan ki abhikalpana taiyar karane ke nirdesh die ge. bekar ne golakar bhavan ka dijain banaya aur isaka sthan lal qile ke pashchimottar me purane shahar ki or jane vale marg par niyat kiya gaya. ek any golakar bhavan vanijyik keandr kan aaut ples me bhi bana, jisaki abhikalpana ianglaid ke bath sthit ek bhavan jaisi hai. nee rajadhani ka shubharanbh janavari 1931 mean hua. [[chitr:Lotus-Temple.jpg|thumb|250px|left|lotas mandir, dilli
Lotus Temple, Delhi]] nee dilli ki s dak yojana jyomitiy sauandaryashastr ki dharana par adharit hai. samagr yojana me rajapath (kiangsave) ko mukhy adhar manakar banaee gee shatbhujoan ki ek shrankhala aur 96 kilomitar lanbi mukhy s dake haian. ye shatakon tin margoan ke bich sthit the jo gavarnar haus se nikalakar aitihasik jama masjid, iandraprasth aur safadarajag ke maqabare ki or jate the tatha vartaman ko atit se jo date the. shahar ke avasiy dhaanche ki yojana ka udeshy nivas ki suvidha ko vyavasthit karana tha. jagah-jagah bag-bagichoan ka nirman bhi kiya gaya.

bharat ke tatkalin vaisar aauy beran charls hardiang chahate the ki purani aur nee dilli ka sanyojan ek ho. unhoanne nirdesh die ki donoan ki yojana ek shahar ke rup mean ho n ki do alag-alag shaharoan ke rup mean kiantu lutiyans apane sankirn shahari sauandaryikaran par jame hue the. unaki virat yojana me purani dilli mahaj ek mahattvahin dhvast hota shahari kshetr tha aur vah chahate the ki use jyoan ka tyoan chho d diya jae. yah poorvagrah purani dilli ke lie ghatak siddh hua, jise 1941 aur 1951 ke bich ae lagabhag ek lakh sharanarthiyoan ko nivas pradan karana tha. jahaan nee dilli ke nivasi 6-8 vyakti prati hekteyar ke ghanatv se apane rahan sahan adarsh bana rahe the, vahian purani dilli 336 se 400 vyakti prati hekteyar ke bojh se dabi ja rahi thi.

nee aur purani dilli ke bich yah visangati shuru se hi yojanakaroan ke lie rukavat sabit huee. pratham nagar yojana me dilli ko ek gandi basti ke rup me chitrit kiya gaya aur 1980 ke dashak mean hi jab doosari nagar yojana bani use virasat kshetr ke rup me kuchh mahattv diya gaya. lutiyans ki dilli ko sadaiv param pavan kshetr samajha gaya aur isaki mool yojana tatha janasankhya mean parirvatan ke sujhavoan ka janata evan yojana donoan ke dvara virodh kiya gaya. 1970 aur 1980 ke dashak mean di.di.e (dilli vikas pradhikaran) ne avas vyavasay par ekadhikar kar liya aur vartaman shahari keandr ke asapas vishal bhavan sankul kh de kar diye ge. uchch ay, madhy ay aur nimn ay varg ke samoohoan ke adhar par avas upalabdh karae ge. jo is ay varg se bahar the, ve anadhikrit bastiyoan ya jhuggi jhop diyoan (gandi bastiyoan) mean ifaza kar rahe haian. jo ab je.je k aauloni jani jati hai. 567 anadhikrit bastiyaan rajanitik dabav mean vaidh ghoshit ki ja chuki haian. dilli ki abadi ke um date sailab ko yamuna ke poorvi tat par basaya gaya hai. jahaan dhire-dhire ek alag hi dilli akar le rahi hai. kee b de bajar avasiy bhavan aur dhanadhy logoan ki kothiyaan shahar ki dakshin, pashchim tatha uttari paridhi mean banaee ja chuki hai.

prachin nagaroan mean ganana

[[chitr:Humayun's-Tomb-Delhi.jpg|thumb|250px|humayooan ka maqabara, dilli
Humayun's Tomb, Delhi]] dilli ki sansar ke prachin nagaroan mean ganana ki jati hai. mahabharat ke anusar dilli ko pahali bar paandavoan ne iandraprasth nam se basaya tha kiantu adhunik viddanoan ka mat hai ki dilli ke asapas udaharanarth rop d (panjab) ke nikat siandhu ghati sabhyata ke chinh prapt hue haian. aur purane qile ke nimnatam khandaharoan mean adim dilli ke avashesh milean to koee ashchary nahian vastav mean desh mean apani madhyavarti sthiti ke karan tatha uttarapashchim se bharat ke chaturdik bhagoan ko jane vale margoan ke keandr par basi hone se dilli bharatiy itihas mean anek samrajyoan ki rajadhani rahi hai. mahabharat ke yug mean kurupradesh ki rajadhani hastinapur thi. isi kal mean paandavo ne apani rajadhani iandraprasth mean banaee.

jatakoan ke anusar iandraprasth sat kos ke ghere mean basa hua tha. paandavoan ke vanshajoan ki rajadhani iandraprasth mean kab tak rahi yah nishchayapoorvak nahian kaha ja sakata kiantu puranoan ke sakshy ke anusar parikshit tatha janamejay ke uttaradhikariyoan ne hastinapur mean bhi bahut samay tak apani rajadhani rakhi thi aur inhian ke vanshaj nichakshu ne hastinapur ke ganga mean bah jane par apani nee rajadhani prayag ke nikat kaushambi mean banaee maury kal mean dilli ya iandraprasth ka koee vishesh mahattv n tha kyoanki rajanaitik shakti ka keandr is samay magadh mean tha. bauddh dharm ka janm tatha vikas bhi uttari bharat ke isi bhag tatha pashrarvavarti pradesh mean hua isi karan bauddh-dharm ki pratishtha badhane ke sath hi bharat ki rajanitik satta bhi isi bhag (poorvi uttar pradesh tatha bihar) mean keandrit rahi. mauryakal ke pashchat lagabhag 13 sau varsh tak dilli aur usake asapas ka pradesh apekshakrit mahattvahin bana raha. harsh ke samrajy ke chhinn bhinn hone ke pashchat uttaribharat mean anek chhoti moti rajapoot riyasatean ban geean aur inhian mean 12 vian shati mean prithviraj chauhan ki bhi ek riyasat thi jisaki rajadhani dilli bani. dilli ke jis bhag mean kutub minar hai vah athava maharauli ka nikatavarti pradesh hi prithviraj ke samay ki dilli hai. vartaman jogamaya ka mandir mool rup se inhian chauhan naresh ka banavaya hua kaha jata hai. ek prachin janashruti ke anusar chauhanoan ne dilli ko tomaroan se liya tha jaisa ki 1327 ee. ke ek abhilekh se soochit hota hai yah bhi kaha jata hai ki chauthi shati ee. mean anangapal tomar ne dilli ki sthapana ki thi. inhone iandraprasth ke qile ke khandaharoan par hi apana kila banavaya.

bhautik ev manav bhoogol

dilli ek jalasanbhar par sthit hai. jo ganga tatha siandh nadi pranaliyoan ko vibhajit karata hai. dilli ki sabase mahattvapoorn sthalakriti visheshata parvat skandh (rij) hai, jo rajasthan praant ki prachin aravali parvat shreniyoan ka charam biandu hai. aravali sanbhavat: duniya ki sabase purani parvat mala hai, lekin ab yah poori tarah vriksh vihin ho chuki hai. pashchimottar pashchim tatha dakshin me phaila aur tikone parakot ki do bhujaoan jaisa lagane vala yah skandh kshetr 180 varg kilomitar kshetr me phaila hai. kachhari mitti ke maidan ko akriti ki vividhata deta hai tatha dilli ko kuchh utkrisht jiv v vanaspatiyaan upalabdh karata hai. yamuna nadi tribhujakar parakote ka tisara kinara batati hai. isi trikon ke bhitar dilli ke prasiddh sat shaharo ki utpatti ee.poo. 1000 se 17 vian shatabdi ke bich huee. [[chitr:A-View-Of-India-Gate.jpg|thumb|250px|left|iandiya get ka ek drishy, dilli
A View Of India Gate, Delhi]]

sianchaee

dilh‍li ke gaanvoan ka teji se shaharikaran hone ki vajah se sianchaee ke aantargat ane vali kheti yogh‍y bhoomi dhire-dhire kam hoti ja rahi hai. rajh‍y mean ‘keshopur pravah sianchaee yojana charan tritiy’ tatha ‘jal sanshodhan sanyantr se sudhar evan pravah vish‍tar sianchaee pranali’ namak do yojanaean chalaee ja rahi hai. rashh‍triy rajadhani kshetr, dilh‍li ke gramin kshetr mean 350 hekh‍teyar ki sianchaee rajh‍y nalakoopoan dvara aur 1,376 hekh‍teyar ki sianchaee atirikh‍t pani dvara ki ja rahi hai. isake alava 4,900 hekh‍teyar bhoomi ki sianchaee hariyana sarakar ke adhin pashchimi yamuna nahar dvara ki ja rahi hai.

bijali

dilh‍li ke lie isaki apani uth‍padan ikaiyoan- rajaghat bijali ghar, iandraprash‍th sh‍teshan aur badarapur tap bijalighar sahit gais tarabain par adharit ikaee se 850-900 megavat bijali praph‍t hoti hai. shesh bijali uttar kshetriy grid se praph‍t ki jati hai. dilh‍li mean kee bijali uth‍padan ikaiyaan shuroo karane ki yojana hai. iandraprash‍th esh‍tet mean pragati kanbaiand pavar projekh‍t sh‍thapit kiya ja chuka hai. 330 megavat pragati pavar pariyojana nirmanadhin hai aur jalh‍di hi chaloo hone vali hai. isake 100 megavat vale pratham charan ko parikshan ke lie shuroo kar diya gaya hai. bijali vitaran ko sucharoo banane ke lie dilh‍li vidyut bord ka nijikaran kar diya gaya hai aur dilh‍li ki bijali vh‍yavash‍tha ab desh ki do jani mani-sansh‍thaoan- bi.es.ee.es. tatha tata pavar (en.di.pi.el) dvara dekhi ja rahi hai.

jalavayu

[[chitr:Qutub Minar Delhi.jpg|thumb|qutub minar, dilli
Qutub Minar, Delhi]] dilli ki jalavayu uposhn hai. jo isake bhitar pradesh hone ki bhoo- sthiti se prabhavit hai. dilli mean garmi ke mahine mee tatha joon behad shushk aur jhulasane vale hote hai. din ka tapaman kabhi-kabhi 43-45 tak pahuanch jata hai. manasoon julaee me ata hai. aur tapaman ko kam karata hai. lekin sitanbar ke aant tak mausam garm, umas bhara aur kashtaprad rahata hai. yahaan ki varshik ausat varsha lagabhag 660 mimi hai. aktoobar se march ke bich ka mausam kafi suhavana rahata hai. halaanki disanbar tatha janavari ke mahine khoob thande v kohare se bhare hote hai. aur kabhi-kabhi varsha bhi ho jati hai. shitakal mean pratidin ka ausat nyoonatam tapaman 7 digri se. ke asapas rahata hai, lekin kuchh ratean adhik sard hoti hai.

vanaspati

dilli ki parivartanashil jalavayu ke karan tin vanaspatik kal hote hai. varsha ki kami tatha bhoomigat jalastar ke niche se prakritik vanaspati ka praryapt vikash nahian ho pata. phooloan ke karib 1,000 prajatiyaan, jiname se adhikashan svadeshi mool ke hai. yah yahaan ke vatavaran ke anurup dhal chuki haian, aur dilli shahar tatha asapas ke vatavaran me phalaphool rahe haian. paha diyoan ev nadi ke tatavarti bhoobhag ki vanaspatiyaan spashtat: bhinn hai. skandh kshetr mean paee jane vali parvatiy vanaspatiyoan me babool, jangali khajoor tatha saghan jha diyaan haian. jinamean kuchh phooladar prajatiyaan bhi shamil haian. yahaan ghas, bele tatha lipatane vali alpayu lataean bhi hoti haian, jo keval barasat ke mausam me panapati haian. doosari or nadi ke tat ke retile ev kshariy bhoobhag mean visheshakar manasoon v thand ke mahine mean vanaspatiyaan samriddh evan bhinn haian.

prani jivan

dilli mean prani jivan khasa vipul, vividh tatha deshaj hai tatha prani vijnan ki drishti se sis–ganga ki shreni mean ata hai. maansahari jiv pramukh rup se deshi stanapayi haian. lak dabagghe, bhe diai, lom di, siyar tatha teandue, jo pahale nichale jangaloan me vicharan karate the, ab darroan tatha shahar ki simaant paha di chotiyoan par pae jate haian. hiran tatha varah khuradar praniyoan ka pratinidhitv karate haian. ye ab apani prakritik paryavas mean kam hi milate haian. sahi kharagosh, choohe v gilahariyaan shahar ke kritankajiv haian tatha chamagad d kaantachooha aur chhachhooandar dilli ke kit bhakshi prani haian. jo aksar mandiroan tatha aitihasik khandaharoan ke asapas pae jate haian. dilli ka pakshi jivan bhi samriddh evan vividh hai. ghareloo kabootar, gauraiya, chilean, kauve, tote jangali bater, titar, poore sal pae jate haian. dilli ke asapas ki jhilean shitakal mean kee pravasi pakshiyoan ko akarshit karati hai. yamuna nadi mean machhaliyoan ki 65 prajatiyaan payi jati haian.

prashasan evan niyojan

prashasanik vyavastha

dilli ne prashasanik vyavastha me kee pherabadal dekhe haian. 2 agast, 1858 ko british sansad ne bharat sarakar adhiniyam parit kiya, jisane bharat ki aangrezi satta ko eest iandiya kanpani se british raj mean sthanaantarit kar diya. 1876 mean maharani viktoriya ke shasanadhikar mean 'bharat ki samrajni' padavi shamil ho gee. 1947 tak dilli mukhy ayukt ki adhyakshata mean british praant rahi. azadi ke bad 1952 mean yah kendrashasit rajy bani lekin 1956 mean isaka darja badal gaya tatha yah keandr sarakar ke adhin kendrashasit pradesh ho gee. 1958 mean shahari tatha gramin kshetroan ke lie ek ekikrit niyam ki sthapana ki gee. dilli ki prashasanik vyavastha mean adhiniyam 1966 ke tahat phir parivartan kiya gaya tatha tin stariy pranali lagoo ki gee, jo ek uparajyapal aur ek karyakari parishad, ek nirvachit mahanagariy parishad tatha nagar ko milakar banaee gee hai. sanvidhan ke 69 vean sanshodhan dvara ise 1991 mean vishisht rajy ka darja evan nirvachit vidhan sabha di gee. rashtrapati dvara manonit up–rajyapal dilli ka pramukh hota hai aur prashasan mukhyamantri chalata hai, jo nirvachit dal dvara niyukt kiya jata hai. [[chitr:Sansad-Bhawan.jpg|thumb|250px|left|sansad bhavan, dilli
Parliament House, Delhi]]

staroan ka samooh

dilli rajy prashasanik evan niyojan kshetroan ke kee staroan ka samooh hai. isaka dayara 1,485 varg kilomitar hai, jisamean shahari sankeandran tatha 209 gaanv ate haian. jo dilli maharauli tahasiloan mean bate haian. vrihad star par yah rashtriy rajadhani kshetr (en.si.ar.) ka hi bhag hai. jo nagar ev gramin sangathan (ti.si.pi.o.) dvara 1971 mean ek niyojan kshetr ke rup me alag kiya gaya, taki dilli ke ird –gird bhavi vikash ko disha di ja sake. en. si. ar ke aantargat dilli rajy tatha hariyana, uttar pradesh v rajasthan ke simavarti zile ya tahasilean ati haian. yah kshetr dilli mahanagar ke asapas lagabhag 100 kilomitar arddhavyas mean phaila hai. tatha isame 30,242,varg kilomitar kshetr ata hai. kshetr ke bhavi santulit vikas ke lie ek samanvit mastar plan taiyar karane hetu 1985 mean en.si.ar.bord ka gathan kiya gaya. dilli mahanagar kshetr upavrihad star par hai. jinamean dilli tatha nikatavarti rajyoan ke sate hue shahari bhag ate haian. jo 3,182 varg kilomitar kshetr mean phaile haian. laghu star par dilli ka shahari samooh ata hai, jisaka kshetraphal 446 varg kilomitar hai. isamean tin nagariy kshetr ate haian: nee dilli nagar palika samiti (en.di.em.si.), nagar nigam dilli (shahar), em.si.di. (yoo) tatha dilli chhavani ke sath-sath seansas dvara vargikrit 23 upanagar.

mahanagariy adhishasan

dilli ka mahanagariy adhishasan mukhy rup se nee dilli nagar palika, dilli nagar nigam tatha chhavani parishad ke adhin hai. dilli nagar nigam nirvachit nikay hai. nee dilli nagarapalika (en.di.em.si.) ke sadasy shasan dvara manonit hote haian. nagar nigam ke dayare mean anivary nagarik evan uchit kalyanakari kary ate haian. gandi bastiyoan ko hatana evan sudhar isake mukhy kary haian yah apana kam kshetriy samitiyoan ke madhyam se karati hai. jo sthaniy parshadoan tatha ek ya adhik paur–mukhy se gathit hoti hai, nee dilli nagar palika ka gathan 1933 mean hua yah keval nee dilli (ise yah svarup vastuvidh edavin lootiyans ne diya tha) tatha isase lage hue kshetro ke prati uttaradayi haian. chhavani kshetr ke sthaniy kary raksha mantralay ke prashasan mean ate haian.

yojana

mahanagariy dilli ki yojana ki zimmedari dilli vikash pradhikaran (di.di.e.) ke adhin hai, jisaka gathan 1957 ke ek sansadiy adhiniyam ke tahat hua. shahar ke pratham 20 varshoan ki nagar yojana (mastar plan) ti.si.pi.o. dvara taiyar ki gee tatha ise dilli ki betaratib vriddhi ko niyantrit karane tatha am logoan ki kray–kshamata yogy evan upayukt avas upalabdh karane ke uddeshy se svikrit adharoan par di.di.e. dvara 1962 mean lagoo kiya gaya. shasan dvara 24 hajar hekteyar kshetr ka adhikaran karake shahari vikash ke lie di.di.e. ko sauanpa gaya. is tarah di. di.e samyavadi vishv se bahar rashtriyakrit bhoomi ka sabase b da vikasak ban gaya. vilanbit doosari nagar yojana 1986 mean prabhav mean aee tatha yah udyogikaran ko dhima karane, vikeandrikaran, anek sthanoanko jo date lok parivahan ke pravadhan tatha kam ooanchaee vali kiantu ghani avasiy vyavastha par keandrit thi.

janajivan

[[chitr:Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium.jpg|thumb|250px|javaharalal neharoo stediyam, dilli
Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi]] any rajadhaniyoan ki tarah dilli mahanagar ki gatividhiyaan bhi atyant sakriy haian. 19 vian sadi ke aant mugal shasan kal ka vaibhav samapt ho chuka tha, dilli ki abadi mushkil se paanch lakh thi, lekin dhire-dhire yah kisi danav ki tarah badhati gee. varsh 2001 mean dilli ki shahari abadi 1 karo d 28 lakh ke lagabhag pahuanch chuki hai aur dilli rajy ki kul abadi 1 karo d 37 lakh ke lagabhag pahuanch gee hai. janasaankhyikiy vishleshan ke anusar 90 pratishat abadi shahari hai. inamean bhi 85 pratishat log tin sthayi nagaro me basate haian.

2001 ki janaganana ke anusar, dilli ki abadi mean liang anupat (prati1,000 purushoan par mahilaean) shahari kshetr me 821 hai, jisamean 1991 ke 827 ke muqabale kami aee hai. yah is bat ka soochak hai ki purushoan ka shaharoan ki taraph palayan adhik hai. dilli mean saksharata ka pratishat 81.82 hai, jo rashtriy ausat se kahian adhik hai. agar ham dilli ke janasaankhyiki itihas par najar dalean, to 1947 ka kalakhand ek sankraanti kal ki tarah hamare samane kh da dikhaee deta hai. is kal me hajaroan sharanarthi pakistan se dilli ae. inaki vajah se n keval yahaan ka janasaankhyiki dhaancha badala, balki dilli ke samajik– saanskritik aur arthik svarup mean bhi parirvatan aya. tab se shahar pravasiyoan ki vajah se phailata gaya. hal ke dashakoan me yahaan janm-dar giri hai, lekin pravasiyoan ki abadi ka ek–tihaee se adhik hissa pravasiyoan ka hai.

shahar ke mukhy dharmik samoohoan mean (1991 ki janaganana ke anusar) hiandoo (lagabhag 83 pratishat), sikkh (lagabhag nau pratishat) haian. janasankhya ke shesh char pratishat ka nirman jain, sikkheesaee, bauddh aur any log karate haian. adhikaansh log hiandi ya usaka parivartit rup hiandustani bolate haian. panjabi bhasha panjabiyoan dvara boli jati hai. tatha urdoo musalamanoan dvara boli jati hai. vibhinn praantoan se ae apravasi apani-apani bhasha bolate haian, lekin kamachalaoo hiandi sikhane ki koshish karate haian. shikshit varg dvara aangrezi samajhi v boli jati hai.

arthavyavastha

kisi bhi aitihasik rajadhani ki tarah dilli bhi vaividhyapoorn keandr hai, jisame prashasan, sevaean aur nirman achchhi tarah mile–jule haian. dilli kala ev hastakaushal ki prachur vividhata ka keandr raha hai. mugal kal mean dilli ratn aur abhooshan, dhatu pachchikari, kasidakari, sone ki pachchikari, resham aur jari ka kam, minakari aur shilp, moortikala aur chitrakala ke lie vikhyat thi. dilli ka vartaman prashasakiy mahatv us samay se hai, jab bharat ka shasan eest iandiya kanpani se lekar maharani viktoriya ko sauanp diya gaya aur british samrajy ki rajadhani, vanijyik aur seva kend ke rup mean vikasit ho gee. yahaan ki lagabhag tin–chauthaee abadi vyapar lok prashasan, samudayik, samajik aur niji sevaoan mean sanlagn hai.

krishi aur khanij

gehooan, bajara, jh‍var, chana aur makh‍ka ki pramukh phasalean haian, lekin ab kisan anaj vali phasaloan ki bajay phaloan aur sabjiyoan, dugh‍dh uth‍padan, murgi palan, phooloan ki kheti ko jh‍yada mahath‍v de rahe haian. ye gatividhiyaan khadyanh‍noan, phasaloan ke muqabale adhik labhadayak sabit huee haian. [[chitr:Akshardham-Temple-Delhi.jpg|thumb|250px|left|aksharadham mandir, dilli
Akshardham Temple, Delhi]]

udyog

dilh‍li n keval uttar bharat ka sabase b da vh‍yavasayik keandr hai, balki yah laghu udyogoan ka bhi sabase bada keandr hai. inamean telivijan, teparikardar, halh‍ka ianjiniyariang saj-saman, mashinean, motaragadiyoan ke hish‍se purje, khelakood ka saman, saikilean, pi.vi.si. se bani vash‍tuean joote-chaph‍pal, kapada, urvarak, davaean, haujari ka saman, cham de ki vash‍tuean, saphtaveyar adi vibhinh‍n vash‍tuean banaee jati haian.

20 vian sadi ke praranbh mean yahaan adhunik udyogoan ka pravesh hua. yahaan ke b de udyogoan me kapas ki otaee, kataee aur bunaee; ata ev maida ki milean paikiang; ganne v tel ka prasanskaran pramukh the. laghu udyogoan mean mudran, joota nirman, kasidakari, bekari, sharab nirman loha tatha pital ka kam hota hai. 1980 ke dashak se audyogik utpadan mean vriddhi shuru huee. 1981 mean 50 hajar panjikrit audyogik ikaiyoan ki sankhya badhakar 1990 mean 81 hajar ho gee. is kalakhand mean audyogik nivesh, utpadan aur rojagar me bhi lagabhag duguni vriddhi huee. 1990 ke dashak me is shahar ke arthik svarup me mahattvapoorn sthan ban gaya aur purani dilli ne uttar bharat ke thok vanijyik keandr ke rup mean apani pahachan ko aur adhik suddh bana liya.

dilh‍li ki nee audyogik niti ke aantargat ilekh‍tr aaunikh‍s, telikamh‍yooni‍keshan, s aauphtaveyar udyog tatha soochana praudyogiki ko samarth seva banane vale udyog lagane par bal diya gaya hai. dilh‍li mean aisi audyogik ikaiyaan lagane ko proth‍sahan diya ja raha hai, jinase pradooshan nahian phailata aur jinamean kam kamagaroan ki avashh‍yakata hoti hai. dilh‍li rajh‍y audyogik vikas nigam okhala sthit vh‍yavasayik prashikshan keandr ke bhavan mean rath‍n, abhooshan aur parakh tatha minakari ka ek prashikshan sansh‍than khol raha hai.

parivahan

thumb|250px|metro rel, dilli
Metro Train, Delhi bharat sarakar ne dilh‍li shahar mean badhate vahan pradooshan aur yatayat ki ash‍t-vh‍yash‍t sthiti ko dekhate hue mas raipid traanjit pranali lagoo karane ka nirnay liya. yah pariyojana karyanvit ki ja rahi hai aur isamean ati adhunik takanik ka ish‍temal kiya ja raha hai. dilh‍li meanmetro rel pariyojana a gee hai. ab dilh‍li metro ke pratham charan mean tin metro karidor haian jo rikard samay mean poore hokar kam bhi karane lage haian. shahadara se rithala aur dilh‍li vishh‍vavidyalay se‍ kean‍driy sachivalay ke bich lainean bichh gee haian aur in par gadiyaan bhi chalane lagi haian. barakhanbha aur dvaraka ke bich tisari lain bhi chaloo ho gee hai. dilh‍li metro ke dvitiy charan ko bhi sh‍vikrit mil gee hai jisase rashh‍triy rajadhani kshetr ke yatriyoan ko behatar sanpark suvidha praph‍t ho sakegi. dilh‍li sadakoan, rel lainoan aur viman sevaoan ke jariye bharat ke sabhi bhagoan se bhalibhaanti ju di huee hai. yahaan tak tin havaee adde haian. iandira gaandhi aantarrashh‍triy havaee adda aantarrashh‍triy u danoan ke lie palam havaee adda ghareloo u danoan ke lie tatha saphadarajang havaee adada prashikshan u danoan ke lie ish‍temal kiya ja raha hai. dilh‍li mean tin mahath‍vapoorn relave sh‍teshan bhi haian. ye dilh‍li jankh‍shan, nee dilh‍li relave sh‍teshan aur nijamuddin relave sh‍teshan ke nam se jane jate haian. tin aantarrashh‍triy bas adde- kashh‍miri get, saray kale khaan aur anand vihar mean haian.

vastukala

dilli ke vaividhyapoorn itihas ne virasat mean ise samriddh vastukala di hai. shahar ke sabase prachin bhavan saltanat kal ke haian aur apani sanrachana v alankaran me bhinnata lie hue haian. prakritik rupakannoan, sarpakar beloan aur kuran ke aksharoan ke ghumav mean hiandoo rajapoot karigaroan ka prabhav spasht najar ata hai. madhy eshiya se ae kuchh karigar kavi aur vastukala ki seljuk shaili ki visheshataean meharab ki nichali kor par kamal- kaliyoan ki pankti, utkirn alankaran aur bari-bari se a di aur kh di eetoan ki chinaee hai. khalazi shasan kal tak islami vastukala mean prayog tatha sudhar ka daur samapt ho chuka tha aur islami vastukala mean ek vishesh paddhati aur upashaili sthapit ho chuki thi jise pakhtoon shaili ke nam se jana jata hai. is shaili ki apani lakshanik visheshataean haian. jaise gho de ke nal ki akriti vali meharabean, jalidar khi dakiyaan, alankrit kinare bel bootoan ka kam (barik vistrit rup rekhaoan mean) aur preranadayi, adhyatmik shabdaankan bahar ki or adhikaanshat: lal pattharoan ka tatha bhitar safed sangamaramar ka upayog milata hai.

vastukala ki paranpara mean badalav

thumb|250px|left|iandira gaandhi aantararashtriy havaee adda, dilli
Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi tugalakoan ne vastukala ki paranpara mean badalav kar alankaran ka tatv samapt kar diya is kal me sleti pattharoan vale sidhe sapat nirman ko prathamikata di gee unaki imaratoan me ek doosare par adharit chhatoan vali sadi meharaboan kuran ki ayat se khude kinaroan aur bhatti me rangi tailoan ko prabhavashali dhang se shamil kiya gaya. tugalakoan ne apane bhavanoan me sajavat par kam, aur unaki akriti ki bhavyata par adhik jor diya. saiyad aur lodi kal mean guanbadiy dhaanche ki do jatil shailiyaan prachalit hueean. nimn ashtabhujakar akriti vali shaili jisaka jamini kshetraphal kafi vishal hota tha. aur ooanchi vargakar shaili jisamean bhavan ka agrabhag charo or se gujarane vali patti aur phalak shrankhala rupi sajavati tattv se vibhajit hota tha, jo inhe do ya tin manjil jaise hone ka rup deti pratit hoti thi. lodi kal mean bagiche vale makabaroan ka nirman bhi hua. is kal ki masjidoan mean minarean nahian hoti thi.

vastavik gaurav

dilli ki vastukala ka vastavik gaurav mugal kalin hai. dilli mean humayooan ka maqabara mugal vastukala ka pratham mahattvapoorn namoona hai. humayooan ke makabare ko 1565 ee. mean usaki begam hamida banoo ne banavaya tha. isamean hamida ki qabr bhi haian. isake atirikt vibhinn kaloan mean bani dara shikoh furukhasiyar tatha alamagir dvitiy adi ki bhi qabrean yahian sthit haian. kaha jata hai ki mugal parivar ke tatha usase sanbandhit 90 se adhik vyaktiyoan ki qabrean yahaan haian. 1857 ki rajyakaanti mean aantim mugal samrat bahadurashah ko mugaloan ne yahian qaid kiya tha. tajamahal ka agragami yah nirman bharat ka pahala poorn vikasit bagiche vala maqabara bhi hai. isane bharatiy vastukala mean ooanchi meharaboan aur dohare guanbadoan ki shuruat ki jo mugal vastukala ke pratinidhi namoone lal qile mean dikhaee dete haian. isamean nirmit naqqarakhane, divar-e-am aur divar-e-khas, mahal tatha manoranjan kaksh, chhajje, hamam, aantarik naharean aur jyamitiy sauandaryabodh ke sath nirmit bagiche tatha ek alankrit masjid dekhate hi banate haian. jama masjid mugalakalin masjidoan ki vastavik pratinidhi hai. yah pahali masjid hai, jinamean minarean bhi haian. adhikaansh bhavanoan mean sangamaramar ka istemal hua hai. jinamean naqqashi tatha bahurangi pattharoan ki sajavat ke nayab namoone haian.

aangl vastukala

dilli ki aangl vastukala aupaniveshik tatha mugalakalin kala ka pratik hai. yah vaisar aauy ke avas sansad bhavan aur sachivalay ke vishal bhavanoan se lekar avasiy bangali aur daphtaroan jaisi upayogi imaratoan tak vaividhyapoorn hai. svatantr bharat mean vastukala ne apani alag upashaili vikasit karane ka prayas kiya hai. deshaj tatha pashchimi shaili ke mishrit svarup mean sthaniy upashailiyoan ki chhata dikhaee deti hai. sarvochch nyayalay bhavan, vijnan bhavan vibhinn mantralayoan ke karyalay kan aaut ples ke asapas ki imaratean isake shreshth udaharan haian. hal hi mean dilli mean aantarrashtriy khyati ke kuchh vastukar hue jinhoanne dilli ke paridrishy mean kuchh akarshan bhavan jo de haian. jinhean uttar-adhunik kaha jata hai. tikakaran sansthan, bharatiy jivan bima nigam ka mukhyalay aur bahaee mandir isake ullekhaniy udaharan haian.

paryatan

[[chitr:Lotus-Temple.jpg|thumb|250px|lotas mandir, dilli
Lotus Temple, Delhi]]

mukhy lekh : dilli paryatan

dilh‍li ek akarshak paryatan sthal hai. dilh‍li mean mandiroan se lekar m aaul tak, kiloan se lekar udyan aur anek aitihasik imaratean aur qile haian jo itihas ki jivant nishaniyaan haian. prativarsh lakhoan sailani dilh‍li ate haian aur yahaan ki mishrit sansh‍kriti ko janane ki koshish karate haian. dilh‍li rajh‍y paryatan aur parivahan vikas nigam paryatakoan ko yahaan ke vibhinh‍n sh‍thanoan ki sair karane ke lie vishesh bas sevaean chalata hai. nigam ne paira seliang, r aauk kh‍laianbiang aur botiang jaisi sahasik gatividhiyoan ke lie suvidhaean vikasit ki haian. nigam ne ’dilh‍li hat’ ka vikas kiya hai, jahaan kafi aur vibhinh‍n rajh‍yoan ki khady vash‍tuean ek jagah upalabh‍dh haian. dilh‍li ke vibhinh‍n bhagoan mean aisi hi 'hat' banane ki yojana hai.

khanapan

dilh‍li mean khane pine ki bahut si dukanean aur bhojamanalay haian. desh ke vibhinh‍n praantoan ke vh‍yanjanoan ka sh‍vad lene ke lie dilh‍li hat ka rukh kar sakate haian. yahaan desh ke lagabhag har bhag ka bhojan milata hai. kul milakar dilh‍li mean har tarah ke bhojan ka jayaka liya ja sakata hai. dilh‍li mean chaandani chauk ek jagah hai jo phroot chat, gol gaph‍poan, pakau doan aur bahut si chijoan ke lie mashahoor hai.

• parathean vali gali

dilh‍li ki parathean vali gali ke parathe saloan se logoan ki pasand rahe haian.

• mithaee

chaandani chauk ke pas hi dilh‍li mean mithaiyoan ki sabase purani dukan ghantevala hai.

• chikan kari

ashoka rod par bane aandhr bhavan ki chikan kari bahut ki pasand ki jati hai.

kharidadari

dilh‍li mean chhoti dukanoan se lekar b de-b de shoroom bhi haian. uchh‍ch varg ko sauth ekh‍s aur karol bag ka bazar pansad ata hai, vahian taiank rod, sarojani nagar, janapath, palika bazar, m aaunesh‍tri, gaphar market adi madhh‍yam varg ko lubhata hai. sauth ekh‍s mean sabhi aantarrashh‍triy braiand ke kap de aur anh‍y saman milata hai. gaphphar market mukhh‍y roop se bijali ke saman ke lie jani jati hai. chaandani chauk aur usake asapas hath se tarashe hue sone chaandi ke behatarin jevar mil jaeange. dariyaganj mean ravivar ko lagane vali kitaboan ki dukanoan mean apako karl markh‍s se lekar javahar lal neharu tak par likhi kitabean mil sakati haian.

yatayat aur parivahan

thumb|250px|bas, dilli
Bus, Delhi

• vayu marg

dilli ka iandira gaandhi aantarrashtriy havaee adda desh ke lagabhag sabhi havaee addoan se ju da hua hai. videshoan se bhi viman yahaan ati haian.

• rel marg

dilli mean purani dilli, nee dilli, hajarat nijamuddin, saray rohilla aur dilli chhavani steshan haian jo dilli ko any shaharoan se jo date haian. suparaphast rajadhani eksaprais dilli se kalakatta, muanbee, chennee, baiangalor aur haidarabad mahanagaroan ke bich chalati haian. shatabdi eksaprais dilli ko pramukh rajyoan ki rajadhaniyoan bhopal, amritasar aur lakhanoo se jo dati hai.

• s dak marg

dilli, rashtriy rajamarg 2 se bardhaman, varanasi, ilahabad, kanapur aur agara ke raste kolakata se ju di hai. rashtriy rajamarg 8 se soorat, ahamadabad, udayapur, ajamer aur jayapur ke raste muanbee se ju di hai. rashtriy rajamarg 1 se jalandhar, ludhiyana aur aanbala hote hue amritasar aur rashtriy rajamarg 24 se ramapur aur muradabad ke raste lakhanoo se ju di hai.

th‍yohar

mahanagar hone ki vajah se dilli mean bharat ke sabhi pramukh th‍yauhar manae jate haian. dilh‍li paryatan aur parivahan vikas nigam kuchh varshik uth‍savoan ka bhi ayojan karate haian. ye roshanara uth‍sav, shalimar uth‍sav, kutub uth‍sav, shitakalin mela, udyan aur paryatan mela, jahane-khusaro uth‍sav tatha am mahoth‍sav haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

adhikarik vebasait