अल्जीरिया

thumb|250px|aljiriya ka jhanda aljiriya uttari pashchimi aphrika sthit ek lokataantrik ganarajy hai. isake uttar mean bhoomadhyasagar, dakshin mean mali aur naijar, poorv mean tayoonisiya aur libiya ityadi ganarajy tatha pashchim mean morakko, spainish sahara evan mauriteniya haian. bhaugolik drishti se sanpoorn desh ko do bhagoan mean baanta ja sakata hai--(1) uttari aur (2) dakshini. uttari aljiriya mean aitalas parvat ki do shreniyaan samudr ke samaantar phaili huee haian. ukt parvatiy shreniyoan tatha tatasthit parvatiy tel namak kshetr ke bich ek shushk peti hai. uttari bhag mean desh ki sabase lanbi (405 mil) choleph nadi ke atirikt anek sote, nale aur chhoti paha di nadiyaan haian. dakshini aljiriya registani, at: uja d hai, kiantu isaka kshetraphal uttari bhag se ath guna b da hai. is desh ke vibhinn bhagoan ki bhaugolik sthitiyaan chananki paraspar kaphi bhinn haian, at: inaki jalavayu bhi alag alag hai. tatavarti kshetr samashitoshn rahata hai to dhur dakshin ki or aitalas paha d tak jate-jate garmi aur shit ki drishti se jalavayu atyantik ho jati hai. isake bad aur dakshin mean sahara marusthal garm evan shushk hai. uttari bhagoan mean shitakalin varsha hoti hai jabaki garmi ka mausam ushn tatha ardr rahata hai. dakshini bhag mean garmiyoan ke dauran kuchh varsha hoti hai aur kabhi kabhi jalata hua sirakko namak garm toophan bhi chalata hai.

aljiriya ka kul kshetraphal 23,81,743 varg ki.mi. hai jisamean se kheti keval 62,000 varg ki.mi.bhoomi mean hi hoti hai. 96,000 varg ki.mi. mean aangoor ke udyan haian 2,000 varg ki.mi. mean phalodyan tatha 35,000 varg ki.mi. mean jangal hai. 3,83,750 varg ki.mi. bhoomi jha d jhankha davali hai. is desh ki kul anumit janasankhya 1,21,01,994 (1966) hai jisamean lagabhag 80,000 yooropiy bhi sammilit haian. kiantu ukt janasankhya mean 5,00,000 pravasi aljiriya valoan ko nahian gina gaya hai.

sanh‌ 1962 ee. tak aljiriya, phraans ka ek upanivesh tha. kiantu 1954 ee. mean rashtriy mukti morache (fant d libareshan naishanel) ke netritv mean vidroh praranbh hua jise aantat: saphalata mili aur 1962 ee. mean iviyan samajhaute ke madhyam se phraans ki sarakar ne aljiriya mean svashasan ko svikar kar liya. ukt samajhaute mean pravadhan tha ki phraansisi adde aljiriya mean yathavath‌ bane raheange tatha phraansisi sahayata bhi poorvavath‌ milati rahegi. 1963 ee. ki sharadh rritu mean sima vivad ko lekar morakko tatha aljiriya ke bich chhitaput l daee shuru huee kiantu aphrika ekata sangh ke hastakshep se samajhauta ho gaya. joon, 1965 mean raktahin kraanti huee aur rashtrapati ahamad bin villah ko padachyut kar diya gaya.

karnal oari boomedien ne tatkal kraantikari parishadh ke akshyaksh ki haisiyat se desh ka shasan sanbhal liya. 1970-71 mean aljiriya aur phraans ke bich tel ke masale ko lekar kaphi tanav paida ho gaya tha.

1963 ee. mean svikrit sanvidhan ke anusar aljiriya mean ek daliy sarakar ka shasan hai jisamean rashtrapati ko amit adhikar prapt haian. pramukh vidhayika rashtriy aseanbali hai jisaka nirvachan vayask matadan ke adhar par prati paanchave varsh karane ka pravadhan haian. kiantu vartaman rashtriy aseanbali, jisaka nirvachan sitanbar, 1964 mean hua tha, abhi tak kary kar rahi hai. 1970 mean ne nirvachan karane ki ghoshana ki gee thi, par abhi tak is ghoshana par amal nahian kiya gaya hai.

aljiriya ka samudratatiy bhag atyadhik upajaoo hai jisamean adhikatar yooropiy logoan tatha kuchh svashasit sthaniy samitiyoan dvara vaijnanik kheti ki jati hai aur paryapt samriddh phasalean ugaee jati haian. mukhy phasalean gehooan, jau, chukandar, makka, aloo tatha tanbakoo ki hoti hai. aanjir,aangoor, akharot, jaitoon adi phal, kapas tatha khajoor bhi bahutayat se paida hote haian. ailphailpha namak ghas bhi paryapt matra mean ugati haian. jangaloan mean mukhyat: chi d, devadar tatha baanjh (ok) ke pe d hote haian. gho de, khachchar, gadahe, ooant, bhe dean tatha bakariyaan is desh ke palatoo janavar haian. machhaliyoan ka vyavasay yahaan kaphi unnati par hai. 1963 ee. mean 568 navean tatha 4,000 machhue machhaliyaan pak dane ke lie niyukt kie ge the aur lagabhag 17,000 tan machhaliyaan pak di gee thian. aljiriya mean loha, phasaphet, jasta, para raanga, kadalin, sangamaramar tatha eantimani adi khanij upalabdh haian. namak bhi yahaan kaphi milata hai. 1969 mean yahaan 2 arab, 55 karo d,60 lakh kayoobik mitar prakritik gais ka utpadan hua tha.

aljiriya mean sarakari bhasha arabi aur vyavahar ki pramukh bhasha phraansisi hai. kiantu kebilas jati ke yahaan ke mool nivasi barabaras bhasha bolate haian, halaanki ise likhate samay ye bhi arabi lipi ka hi prayog karate haian. yahaan ki adhikatam janasankhya islam dharm ki anuyayi hai. maidani ilakoan aur ghatiyoan mean arab tatha paha di uja d bhagoan mean kebilas (pichh da varg) jati ke log rahate haian. 1943 ee. ke kebilas logoan ko nagarikata ke sabhi adhikar prapt haian.

uttari aljiriya 13 vibhagoan mean vibhakt hai. in vibhagoan ko 76 upavibhagoan tatha 634 kamyoonoan mean baant diya gaya hai. sahara ke do vibhag--saora tatha oyasisoo--paanch upavibhagoan tatha 47 kamyoonoan mean vibhakt haian. yahaan ka pramukh nagar tatha rajadhani aljiyars hai jisaki anumit janasankhya 9,43,000 (1967) hai. any pramukh nagar oran (3,25,000) tatha sidi-bel-abbes (1,01,000)haian. satavian athavian shatabdi mean yahaan araboan (mooro) ki sabhyata phaili. pashchath‌ 1830 ee. tak yahaan barabari jati ka adhipaty raha. 1830 ee.mean yahaan phraansisiyoan ka shasan ho gaya tha.

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