पैठण

paithan athava pratishthan maharashtr ke aurangabad se 35 ki.mi. dakshin ki or tatha godavari ke uttari tat par sthit hai. yah ati prachin vyaparik aur dharmik sthan hai. paithan maharashtr ke varakari sampraday ka tirthasthal aur prasiddh sant ekanath ki janmabhoomi hai. paithan ko 'potan', 'paithan' bhi kahate haian. yahaan ashmak janapad ki rajadhani bhi thi. isaka prachin nam 'pratishthan' hai. paithan dakshin bharat ke ati prachin nagaroan mean se ek hai. prachin kal se hi paithan mahattvapoorn tirth ke roop mean manyata prapt sthan hai. puranoan ke anusar paithan ki sthapana brahma ne ki thi aur godavari nadi ke tat par is sundar nagar ko unhoanne apana sthan banaya tha. 'pratishthan mahatmy' mean katha hai ki brahma ne is nagar ka nam 'patan' ya 'pattan' rakha tha aur phir any nagaroan se isaka mahattv oopar rakhane ke lie isaka nam badal kar 'pratishthan' kar diya. mahabharat mean paithan mean sab tirthoan ke puny ko pratishthit bataya gaya hai-

'evamesha mahabhag pratishthanan pratishthata, tirthayatra mahapunya sarvapapapramochani'^[1]

yah ullekh 'pratishthanapur' ya 'jhoosi' ke lie bhi ho sakata hai.

sthapana tatha itihas

puranoan ke anusar paithan ki sthapana brahma ne ki thi aur godavari tat par is sundar nagar ko unhoanne apana nivas sthan banaya tha. prachin bauddh sahity mean pratishthan ka uttar bharat aur dakshin bharat ke bich jane vale vyaparik marg ke dakshini chhor par avasthit nagar ke roop mean varnan hai. ise dakshinapath ka mukhy vyaparik kendr mana jata tha. satavahan nareshoan ke shasanakal mean paithan ek samriddhashali nagar tha. yahaan se ek vyaparik marg shravasti tak jata tha, jis par mahishmati, ujjayini, vidisha, kaushambi adi nagar sthit the. pairiplas se pata chalata hai ki char pahiya vali ga diyoan se vyaparik vastuean bh dauanch bheji jati thian. is prakar yah siddh hota hai ki pratishthan dakshinapath ki pramukh vyaparik mandi thi.^[2]

grik lekhak eriyan ne paithan ko 'plithan' kaha hai tatha misr ke roman bhoogolavid t aaulami ne, jisane bharat ki dvitiy shati ee. mean yatra ki thi, isaka nam 'baithan' likha hai aur ise 'sittepolomeyos' (satavahan naresh shri pulomavi dvitiy 138-170 ee.) ki rajadhani bataya hai. 'pairiplas aauf di eraithriyan si' ke ajnat nam lekhak ne is nagar ka nam 'pothan' likha hai. pratham shati ee. ke roman itihas lekhak plini ne pratishthan ko aandhr pradesh ke vaibhavashali nagar ke roop mean saraha hai. pitalakhora gufa ke ek abhilekh tatha pratishthan mahatmy mean nagar ka shuddh nam 'pratishthan' surakshit hai. ashok ne apane shila abhilekh 13 mean jin bhoj, rashtrik v patanik logoan ka ullekh kiya hai, sanbhav hai ki ve pratishthan nivasi hoan. kintu brihlar ne is mat ko nahian mana hai aur n hi d aauktar bhandarakar ne.

granthoan mean ullekh

pratishthan ka ullekh jin prabhasoori ke vividh tirthakalp aur avashyak sootr mean bhi hai. vividh tirth kalpasootr ke anusar maharashtr ke is nagar mean satavahan naresh ka rajy tha. usane ujjayini ke vikramadity ko haraya tha. satavahan ek vidhava brahmani ka putr tha aur usake pita nagaraj ka godavari ke nikat nivas sthan tha. satavahan ne dakshin disha mean tapti ka nikatavarti pradesh jit liya tha. is granth ke anusar satavahan jain dharm ka anuyayi tha aur usane anek chaity banavae aur godavari ke tat par mahalakshmi ki moorti ki sthapana ki. gujarat ke kayasth kavi sodall (ya sodathal) ki suprasiddh rachana 'chanpookavy' udayasundari ka nayak malayavahan pratishthan ka raja tha. usaka vivah nagaraj shikharaj ki kanya udayasundari ke sath hua tha.^[2]

andhroan ki rajadhani

satavahan nareshoan ki rajadhani ke roop mean pratishthan itihas mean prasiddh raha hai. jan p data hai ki malayavahan isi vansh ka raja tha. prachin kal mean aandhr samrajy ki rajadhani krishnaa ke muhane par sthit dhanyakatak ya amaravati mean thi, kintu pratham shati ee. ke aantim varshoan mean aandhroan ne uttar pashchim mean ek doosari rajadhani banane ka vichar kiya. kyoanki unake rajy ke is bhag par shak, pahalav aur yavanoan ke akraman ka dar laga hua tha. is prakar aandhr samrajy ki rajadhani pratishthan ya paithan mean banaee gee aur poorvi bhag ki rajadhani dhanyakatak mean hi rahi. pratishthan mean sthapit hone vali aandhr shakha ke nareshoan ne apane nam ke age aandhrabhrity visheshan jo da, jo unaki mukhy aandhr shasakoan ki adhinata ka soochak tha, kintu kalantar mean ve svatantr ho ge aur shatavahan kahalae.

puratattvik mahattv

puratattv sanbandhi khudaee mean paithan ya paithan se aandhr nareshoan ke sikke mile haian, jin par svastik, bodhidrum tatha any chihn aankit haian. any avashesh bhi prapt hue haian. jinamean mitti ki moortiyaan, mala ki guriyaan, hathi daant aur shankh ki bani vastuean tatha makanoan ke khandahar ullekhaniy haian. paithan ki pray: sabhi imaratean khandahar ke roop mean haian, kintu nagar mean apekshakrit navin mandir bhi haian, jinamean lak di ka achchha kam hai. 1734 ee. mean godavari nadi par sthit nagaghat nirmit hua tha. isake pas hi do mandir haian, jinamean se ek ganapati ka hai. nagar ki masajid mean ek koop hai, jisake vishay mean yah prasiddh hai ki yah vahi kuaan hai, jisamean nagaraj shesh ka brahman putr shalivahan apani banaee huee mitti ki moortiyaan dalata raha tha aur in sainikoan tatha hathi, gho doan ki pratimaoan ne bad mean jivit roop dharan karake shalivahan ki akramanakari ujjayini naresh vikramadity se raksha ki thi. vikramadity ko jyotishiyoan ne bataya tha ki shalivahan usaka shatru hoga. shalivahan ne vikramadity ko harakar poore dakshinapath par adhikar kar liya aur kahate haian ki 78 ee. mean pravartit 'shak shalivahan' namak prasiddh sanvat usi ne chalaya tha.^[2]

vidvanoan ki sthali

'paishachi prakrit' ke prasiddh achary gunadhy pratishthan nivasi the. pichhe vah pishach desh mean ja base the. inaka prakhyat granth 'brihatkatha' ab aprapy hai, kintu 12vian shati tak yah upalabdh tha. gunadhy pratishthan ke raja shalivahan (78 ee.) ki rajy sabha ke ratn the. maharashtr ke prasiddh vidvanh hemadri ka bhi pratishthan se nikat ka sanbandh tha. ye shukl yajurvedi brahman the aur devagiri ke yadav naresh mahadev tath tatpashchath ramachandr sen ke pradhanamantri the. inake likhe hue kee prasiddh granth haian, jinamean chaturvarg chiantamani tatha ayurved rasayan mukhy haian. hemadri ko marathi ki 'modi lipi' ka avishkarak kaha jata hai. 14vian shati mean maharashtr ke mahanubhav sant sampraday ka janm pratishthan mean hua tha. daktar bhandarakar ne pratishthan ka abhijnan 'navanar' ya 'navanagar' namak sthan se kiya hai, jo sandehaspad hai. jain granth 'vividhatirthakalp' ke anusar maharashtr mean sthit yah nagar kalaantar mean ek mahattvahin gaanv ban gaya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ mahabharat, vanaparv 85, 114.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 aitihasik sthanavali |lekhak: vijayendr kumar mathur |prakashak: vaijnanik tatha takaniki shabdavali ayog, manav sansadhan vikas mantralay, bharat sarakar |prishth sankhya: 577, 581 |

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] rat, vanaparv 85, 114.

[mcc-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 aitihasik sthanavali |lekhak: vijayendr kumar mathur |prakashak: vaijnanik tatha takaniki shabdavali ayog, manav sansadhan vikas mantralay, bharat sarakar |prishth sankhya: 577, 581 |

[1]

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