श्राद्ध परिचय
shraddh ki paribhasha brahm puran ne is prakar ki hai, 'jo kuchh uchit kal, patr evan sthan ke anusar uchit (shastranumodit) vidhi dvara pitaroan ko lakshy karake shraddhapoorvak brahmanoan ko diya jata hai, vah shraddh kahalata hai.[1][[chitr:Shraddh-2.jpg|thumb|right|shraddh karm mean pooja karate brahman]] hindoo dharm ke anusar, pratyek shubh kary ke prarambh mean mata-pita, poorvajoan ko namaskar ya pranam karana hamara kartavy hai, hamare poorvajoan ki vansh parampara ke karan hi ham aj yah jivan dekh rahe haian, is jivan ka anand prapt kar rahe haian. is dharm mean, rrishiyoan ne varsh mean ek paksh ko pitripaksh ka nam diya hai.
paribhashaean
- mitakshara[2] ne shraddh ko is prakar paribhashit kiya hai, 'pitaroan ka uddeshy karake (unake kalyan ke lie) shraddhapoorvak kisi vastu ka ya usase sambandhit kisi dravy ka tyag shraddh hai.'
- kalpataru ki paribhasha is prakar hai, 'pitaroan ka uddeshy karake (unake labh ke lie) yajniy vastu ka tyag evan brahmanoan ke dvara usaka grahan pradhan shraddhasvaroop hai.'
- rudradhar ke shraddhavivek evan shraddhaprakash ne mitakshara ke saman hi kaha hai, kintu inamean paribhasha kuchh ulajh si gayi hai.
- yajnavalkyasmriti[3] ka kathan hai ki pitar log, yatha–vasu, rudr evan adity, jo ki shraddh ke devata haian, shraddh se santusht hokar manavoan ke poorvapurushoan ko santushti dete haian.
- yah vachan evan manu[4] ki ukti yah spasht karati hai ki manushy ke tin poorvaj, yatha–pita, pitamah evan prapitamah kram se pitri-devoan, arthath vasuoan, rudroan evan adity ke saman haian aur shraddh karate samay unakoan poorvajoan ka pratinidhi manana chahie. kuchh logoan ke mat se shraddh se in batoan ka nirdesh hota hai; hom, pindadan evan brahman tarpan (brahman santushti bhojan adi se); kintu shraddh shabd ka prayog in tinoan ke sath gaun arth mean upayukt samajha ja sakata hai.
pitaroan ka sambandh
shraddhoan ka pitaroan ke sath atoot sanbandh hai. pitaroan ke bina shraddh ki kalpana nahian ki ja sakati. shraddh pitaroan ko ahar pahuanchane ka madhyam matr hai. mrit vyakti ke lie jo shraddhayukt hokar tarpan, pind, danadi kiya jata hai, use 'shraddh' kaha jata hai aur jis 'mrit vyakti' ke ek varsh tak ke sabhi aurdhv daihik kriya karm sanpann ho jayean, usi ki 'pitar' sanjna ho jati hai.
'mere ve pitar jo pretaroop haian, tilayukt jau ke pindoan se tript hoan.
sath hi srishti mean har vastu brahma se lekar tinake tak,
char ho ya achar, mere dvara diye jal se tript hoan.' - vayu puran
shraddh kya aur kyoan?
shraddh pratha vaidik kal ke bad shuroo huee aur isake mool mean isi shlok ki bhavana hai. uchit samay par shastrasammat vidhi dvara pitaroan ke lie shraddha bhav se mantroan ke sath jo dan-dakshina adi, diya jay, vahi shraddh kahalata hai. 20 aansh retas (som) ko 'pitrirrin' kahate haian. 28 aansh retas ke roop mean 'shraddha' namak marg se bheje jane vale 'pind' tatha 'jal' adi ke dan ko shraddh kahate haian. is shraddhavan marg ka sanbandh madhyahn kal mean shraddh karane ka vidhan hai. vasu, rudr aur adity shraddh ke devata mane jate haian.
har vyakti ke tin poorvaj pita, dada aur paradada kram se vasu, rudr aur adity ke saman mane jate haian. shraddh ke vaqt ve hi any sabhi poorvajoan ke pratinidhi mane jate haian. aisa mana jata hai ki ve shraddh karane valoan ke sharir mean pravesh karake aur thik dhang se riti-rivajoan ke anusar karaye gaye shraddh-karm se tript hokar ve apane vanshadhar ko saparivar sukh-samriddhi aur svasthy ka arshivad dete haian. shraddh-karm mean uchcharit mantroan aur ahutiyoan ko ve any sabhi pitaroan tak le jate haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ deshe kale ch patre ch shraddhaya vidhina ch yath. pitrinuddishy viprabhyoan dattan shraddhamudahratamh.. brahmapuran (shraddhaprakash, prishth 3 evan 6; shraddhakalpalata, prishth 3; para. ma. 1|2, prishth 299). mita. (yajn. 1|217) mean aya hai–'shraddhan namtadaniyasy tatsyaniyasay va dravyasy pretoddeshen shraddhaya tyag:.' shraddhakalpataru (prishth 4) mean aisa kaha gaya hai–'eten pitrinuddishy dravyotyago brahmanasvikaranaparyantan shraddhasvaroopan pradhanamh.' shraddhakriyakaumudi (prishth 3-4) ka kathan hai–'kalpatarulakshanamayyanurvaday sannyasinamatmashraddhe devashraddhe sanakadishraddhe chavyapte:.' shridattakrit pitribhakti mean aya hai–'atr kalpatarukar: pitrinuddishy dravyapato brahmanasvikaranaparyanti hi shraddhamityah tadayuktamh.' dipakalika (yajnavalkyasmriti 1|128) ne kalpataru ki bat mani hai. shraddhavivek (prishth 1) ne is prakar kaha hai–'shraddhan nam vedavodhitapatrambhanapoorvakapramitapitradidevatoddeshyako dravyatyagavishesh:.' shraddhaprakash (prishth 4) ne is prakar kaha hai–'atrapastambadisakalavachanaparyalochanaya pramitamatroddeshyakannatyagavisheshasy brahmanadyadhikakaran pratipattyayangakasy shraddhapadarthatvan pratiyayate.' shraddhavivek ka kathan hai ki 'dravyatyag' ved ke shabdoan dvara vihit (vedabodhat) hai aur tyagi huee vastu supatr brahman ko (patralambhanapoorvak) di jati hai. shraddhaprakash mean 'pratipatti' ka arth hai yajn mean prayukt kisi vastu ki antim parinati, jaisa ki darshapoornamas yajn mean 'sah shakhaya prastaran praharati' namak vaky aya hai. yahaan 'shakhapraharan' 'pratipattikarm' hai (jaimini. 4|2|10-13) n ki arthakarm. isi prakar ahitagni ke sath usake yajnapatroan ka dah pratipattikarm hai (jahaan tak yajnapatroan ka sambandh hai).
- ↑ (yajnavalkyasmriti 1|217
- ↑ yajnavalkyasmriti (1|268=agnipuran 163|40-41
- ↑ manu (3|284
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bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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