श्राद्ध का विशद वर्णन
| 30px yah lekh pauranik granthoan athava manyataoan par adharit hai at: isamean varnit samagri ke vaijnanik praman hone ka ashvasan nahian diya ja sakata. vistar mean dekhean asvikaran |
shraddh ka vishad varnan
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| any nam | pitri paksh |
| anuyayi | sabhi hindoo dharmavalambi |
| uddeshy | shraddh poorvajoan ke prati sachchi shraddha ka pratik haian. pitaroan ke nimitt vidhipoorvak jo karm shraddha se kiya jata hai, usi ko 'shraddh' kahate haian. |
| prarambh | vaidik-pauranik |
| tithi | bhadrapad shukl paksh ki poornima se sarvapitri amavasya arthat ashvin krishna paksh amavasya tak |
| anushthan | shraddh-karm mean pake hue chaval, doodh aur til ko mishrit karake 'pind' banate haian, use 'sapindikaran' kahate haian. pind ka arth hai sharir. yah ek paranparik vishvas hai ki har pidhi ke bhitar matrikul tatha pitrikul donoan mean pahale ki pidhiyoan ke samanvit 'gunasootr' upasthit hote haian. yah pratikatmak anushthan jin jin logoan ke gunasootr (jins) shraddh karane vale ki apani deh mean haian, unaki tripti ke lie hota hai. |
| sanbandhit lekh | pitri paksh, shraddh ke niyam, anvashtaka krity, ashtaka krity, anvahary shraddh, shraddh visarjan, pitri visarjan amavasya, tarpan, madhyavarsh krity, matamah shraddh, pitar, shraddh aur grahan, shraddh karane ka sthan, shraddh ki ahuti, shraddh ki kotiyaan, shraddh ki mahatta, shraddh prapautr dvara, shraddh phalasoochi, shraddh varjana, shraddh vidhi, pindadan, gaya, nasik, adity devata aur rudr devata |
| any janakari | brahm puran ke anusar shraddh ki paribhasha- 'jo kuchh uchit kal, patr evan sthan ke anusar uchit (shastranumodit) vidhi dvara pitaroan ko lakshy karake shraddhapoorvak brahmanoan ko diya jata hai', shraddh kahalata hai. |
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shraddh sanbandhi sahity vishal hai. vaidik sanhitaoan se lekar adhunik tikaoan evan nibandhoan tak mean shraddh ke vishay mean vishad varnan prapt hota hai. puranoan mean shraddh ke vishay mean sahasroan shlok haian. vaidik sanhitaoan evan brahman granthoan, grihyasootroan evan dharmasootroan se lekar arambhik smritigranthoan yatha manu evan yajnavalky ki smritiyoan tak, tadanantar pratinidhi puran evan medhatithi, vijnaneshvar tatha aparark ki tikaoan dvara upasthit vivechanoan se lekar madhyakalik nibandhoan tak ka varnan hai. pauranik kal mean katipay shakhaoan ki or sanket milate haian.[1] smritiyoan evan mahabharat[2] ke vachanoan tatha sootroan, manu, yajnavalky evan any smritiyoan ki tikaoan ke atirikt shraddh sambandhi nibandhoan ki sankhya apar hai. is vishay mean keval nimnalikhit nibandhoan ki (kal ke anusar vyavasthit) charcha hogi–shraddhakalpataru, aniruddh ki haralata evan pitridayita, smrityarthasar, smritichandrika, chaturvargachintamani (shraddh prakaran), hemadri[3], rudradhar ka shraddhavivek, madanaparijat, shraddhasar (nrisianhaprasad ka ek bhag), govindanand ki shraddhakriyakaumudi, raghunandan ka shraddhatatv, shraddhasaukhy[4], vinayak urph nand pandit ki shraddhakalpalata, nirnayasindhu, nilakanth ka shraddhamayookh, shraddhaprakash (viramitroday ka ek bhag), divakar bhatt ki shraddhachandrika, smritimuktaphal (shraddh par), dharmasindhu evan mitakshara ki tika–balabhatti. shraddhasambandhi vishad varnan upasthit karate samay, kahian-kahian avashyakatanusar samany vichar bhi upasthit kiye jayeange.
shraddh karane ki yogyata
[[chitr:Upanayana-1.jpg|thumb|left|upanayan
Upanayana]]
yah jnatavy hai ki kuchh dharmashastr granthoan (yatha–vishnudharmottar) ne vyavastha di hai ki jo koee mritak ki sampatti le leta hai, use usake lie shraddh karana chahie, aur kuchh ne aisa kaha hai ki jo bhi koee shraddh karane ki yogyata rakhata hai athava shraddh ka adhikari hai, vah mritak ki sampatti grahan kar sakata hai. shantiparv[5] mean varnan aya hai ki indr ne samrat mandhata se kaha ki kis prakar yavan, kirat adi anaryoan (jinhean mahabharat mean dasyu kaha gaya hai) ko acharan karana chahie aur yah bhi kaha gaya hai ki sabhi dasyu pitriyajn (jisase unhean apani jati valoan ko dhan dena chahie) kar sakate haian aur brahmanoan ko dhan bhi de sakate haian.[6] vayu puran[7] ne bhi mlechchhoan ko pitaroan ke lie shraddh karate hue varnit kiya hai. gobhilasmriti[8] ne ek samany niyam diya hai ki putrahin patni ko (marane par) pati dvara pind nahian diya jana chahie, pita dvara putr ko tatha b de bhaee ke dvara chhote bhaee ko bhi pind nahian diya jana chahie nimi ne apane mrit putr ka shraddh kiya tha, kintu unhoanne age chalakar pashchatap kiya, kyoanki vah kary dharmasankat tha. yah bat bhi gobhilasmriti ke saman hi hai.[9] aparark[10] ne shatatrishanmat ka ek shlok uddhrit kar kaha hai ki pita ko putr ka evan b de bhaee ko chhote bhaee ka shraddh nahian karana chahie. kintu brihatparashar[11] ne kaha hai ki kabhi-kabhi yah samany niyam bhi nahian mana ja sakata. baudhayan evan vriddhashatatap[12] ne kisi ko snehavash kisi ke lie bhi shraddh karane ki, visheshat: gaya, mean anumati di hai. aisa kaha gaya hai ki keval vahi putr kahalane yogy hai, jo pita ki jivitavastha mean usake vachanoan ka palan karata hai, prati varsh (pita ki mrityu ke uparant) paryapt bhojan, (brahmanoan) ko deta hai aur jo gaya mean (poorvajoan) ko pind deta hai.[13] ek samany niyam yah tha ki upanayanavihin bachcha shoodr ke saman hai aur vah vaidik mantroan ka uchcharan nahian kar sakata.[14] kintu isaka ek apavad svikrit tha, upanayanavihin putr antyeshti karm se sambandhit vaidik mantroan ka uchcharan kar sakata hai. medhatithi[15] ne vyakhya ki hai ki alpavayask putr bhi, yadyapi abhi vah upanayanavihin hone ke karan vedadhyayanarahit hai, apane pita ko jal tarpan kar sakata hai, navashraddh kar sakata hai aur 'shundhantaan pitar:' jaise mantroan ka uchcharan kar sakata hai, kintu shrautagniyoan ya grihyagniyoan ke abhav mean vah parvan jaise shraddh nahian kar sakata. smrityarthasar[16] ne likha hai ki anupanit (jinaka abhi upanayan sanskar nahian hua hai) bachchoan, striyoan tatha shoodroan ko purohit dvara shraddhakarm karana chahie ya ve svayan bhi bina mantroan ke shraddh kar sakate haian kintu ve keval mrit ke nam evan gotr ya do mantroan, yatha–'devebhyo nam:' evan 'pitribhy: svadha nam:' ka uchcharan kar sakate haian. uparyukt vivechan spasht karata hai ki purushoan, striyoan evan upanit tatha anupanit bachchoan ko shraddh karana p data hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ skandapuran (nagarakhand, 215|24-25) mean aya hai–drishyante bahavo bheda dvijanaan shraddhakarmani. shraddhasy bahavo bheda: shakhabhedairvyavasthita:..
- ↑ yatha–anushasanaparv, adhyay 87-92
- ↑ bibliothika indika mala, 1716 prishthoan mean
- ↑ todaranand ka ek bhag
- ↑ shantiparv (65|13-21
- ↑
yavana: kirata gandharashchina: shabarabarbara:. shakastushara: kakashch pallavashchandhramadraka:.....
kathan dharmashcharishyanti sarve vishayavasin:. madvidhaishch kathan sthapya: sarve vai dasyujivin:......
matapitrohi shushrusha kartavya sarvadasyubhi:.....pitriyajnastaya koopa:prapashch shayanani ch. danani ch kathakalan dvijebhyo visrijetsada......
pakayajna mahahashchi datavya: sarvadasyubhi:. shantiparv (65|13-21).
is par shoodrakamalakar (prishth 55) ne tippani ki hai–'iti mlechchhadinaan shraddhavidhanan tadapi sajatiyabhojanadravyadanadiparamh.' - ↑ vayu puran (83|112
- ↑ gobhilasmriti (3|70 evan 2|104
- ↑ aur dekhie anushanaparv (91).
- ↑ aparark (prishth 538
- ↑ brihatparashar (prishth 153
- ↑ smritich., shraddh, prishth 337
- ↑ jivato vakyakaranath pratyabdan bhooribhojanath. gayayaan pindadanachch tribhi: putrasy putrata.. tristhalisetu (prishth 319).
- ↑ apastamb dharmasoohtr 2|6|15219; gautam 2|4-5; vasishth 2|6; vishnu. 28|40 evan manu 2|172
- ↑ manu 2|172
- ↑ smrityarthasar (prishth 46
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh