श्राद्ध की आहुति

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30px yah lekh pauranik granthoan athava manyataoan par adharit hai at: isamean varnit samagri ke vaijnanik praman hone ka ashvasan nahian diya ja sakata. vistar mean dekhean asvikaran
shraddh vishay soochi
shraddh    parichay    pitri paksh    pitri ka arth    vishad varnan    pindadan    niyam    vidhi    sthan    mahatta    shraddh aur grahan    vaijnanik pahaloo    ahuti    visajarn
shraddh ki ahuti
any nam pitri paksh
anuyayi sabhi hindoo dharmavalambi
uddeshy shraddh poorvajoan ke prati sachchi shraddha ka pratik haian. pitaroan ke nimitt vidhipoorvak jo karm shraddha se kiya jata hai, usi ko 'shraddh' kahate haian.
prarambh vaidik-pauranik
tithi bhadrapad shukl paksh ki poornima se sarvapitri amavasya arthat ashvin krishna paksh amavasya tak
anushthan shraddh-karm mean pake hue chaval, doodh aur til ko mishrit karake 'pind' banate haian, use 'sapindikaran' kahate haian. pind ka arth hai sharir. yah ek paranparik vishvas hai ki har pidhi ke bhitar matrikul tatha pitrikul donoan mean pahale ki pidhiyoan ke samanvit 'gunasootr' upasthit hote haian. yah pratikatmak anushthan jin jin logoan ke gunasootr (jins) shraddh karane vale ki apani deh mean haian, unaki tripti ke lie hota hai.
sanbandhit lekh pitri paksh, shraddh ke niyam, anvashtaka krity, ashtaka krity, anvahary shraddh, shraddh visarjan, pitri visarjan amavasya, tarpan, madhyavarsh krity, matamah shraddh, pitar, shraddh aur grahan, shraddh karane ka sthan, shraddh ki ahuti, shraddh ki kotiyaan, shraddh ki mahatta, shraddh prapautr dvara, shraddh phalasoochi, shraddh varjana, shraddh vidhi, pindadan, gaya, nasik, adity devata aur rudr devata
any janakari brahm puran ke anusar shraddh ki paribhasha- 'jo kuchh uchit kal, patr evan sthan ke anusar uchit (shastranumodit) vidhi dvara pitaroan ko lakshy karake shraddhapoorvak brahmanoan ko diya jata hai', shraddh kahalata hai.

ahutiyoan ke vishay mean bhi mat matantar haian. kathakagrihyasootr[1], jaiminiy grihyasootr[2] evan shaankhayan grihyasootr[3] ne kaha hai ki tin vibhinn ashtakaoan mean siddh (pake hue) shak, maans evan apoop (pooa ya roti) ki ahutiyaan di jati haian. kintu par. grihyasootr[4] evan khadiragrihyasootr[5] ne pratham ashtaka ke lie apoopoan (poooan) ki[6] evan antim ke lie siddh shakoan ki vyavastha di hai. khadiragrihyasootr[7] se gay ki bali hoti haian ashvalayan grihyasootr[8], gobhilagrihyasootr[9], kaushik[10] evan baudhayan grihyasootr[11] ke mat se isake kee vikalp bhi haian–gay ya bhean d ya bakare ki bali dena; sulabh jangali maans ya madhu-til yukt maans ya geanda, hiran, bhaiansa, sooar, shashak, chitti vale hiran, rohit hiran, kabootar ya titar, sarang evan any pakshiyoan ka maans ya kisi boodhe lal bakare ka maans; machhaliyaan; doodh mean paka hua chaval (lapasi ke saman), ya bina pake hue ann ya phal ya mool, ya sona bhi diya ja sakata hai, athava gayoan ya saan doan ke lie keval ghas khilayi ja sakati hai. ya vedajn ko pani rakhane ke lie gh de diye ja sakate haian, ya 'yah maian ashtaka ka sampadan karata hooan' aisa kahakar shraddh sambandhi mantroan ka uchcharan kiya ja sakata hai. kintu ashtakoan ke krity ko kisi n kisi prakar avashy karana chahie.[12] [[chitr:Pitra-paksh-Shradh.jpg|thumb|left|pitri paksh shraddh sanskar karate shraddhalu]] yah jnatavy hai ki yadyapi uddhrit vartik evan kathakagrihyasootr[13] ka kathan hai ki 'ashtaka' shabd us krity ke lie prayukt hota hai, jisamean pitar log devataoan (adhishthataoan) ke roop mean poojit hote haian, kintu ashtaka ke devata ke vishay mean mat-matantar haian. ashvalayan grihyasootr[14] mean aya hai ki mas ke krishna paksh ki saptami ko tatha navami ko pitaroan ke lie havi di jati hai, kintu ashvalayan grihyasootr[15] ne ashtami ke devata ke vishay mean ath vikalp diye haian, yatha–vishve-dev (sabhi dev), agni, soory, prajapati, ratri, nakshatr, rrituean, pitar evan pashu. gobhil grihyasootr[16] ne yah kahakar arambh kiya hai ki ratri ashtaka ki devata hai, kintu itana jo d diya hai ki devata ke vishay mean any mat bhi haian, yatha–agni, pitar, prajapati, rritu ya vishve-dev.

mrit poorvajoan ke krity

ati prachin kal mean mrit poorvajoan ke lie keval tin krity kiye jate the:-

  1. pindapitriyajn (unake dvara kiya gaya jo shrautagniyoan mean yajn karate the) ya masik shraddh (unake dvara jo shrautagniyoan mean yajn nahian karate the)[17],
  2. mahapitriyajn evan
  3. ashtakashraddh.

pratham do ka varnan is granth ke khand 2, adhyay 30 evan 31 mean ho chuka hai. ashtaka shraddhoan ke vishay mean abhi tak kuchh nahian bataya gaya hai. inaka vishisht mahattv hai, kintu inake sampadan ke dinoan evan masoan, adhishthata devoan, ahutiyoan evan vidhi ke vishay mean lekhakoan mean mataiky nahian hai.

gautam[18] ne ashtaka ko sat pakayajnoan evan chalis sanskaroan mean pariganit kiya hai. lagata hai, 'ashtaka' poornima ke pashchath kisi mas ki ashtami tithi ka dyotak hai.[19] shatapath brahman[20] mean aya hai–'poornima ke pashchath athavean din vah (agnichayanakarta) agni-sthan (chulli ya chulli, choolhi ya choolhe) ke lie samagri ekatr karata hai, kyoanki prajapati ke lie (poornima ke pashchath) ashtami pavitr hai aur prajapati ke lie yah krity pavitr hai.' jaiminiy[21] ke bhashy mean shabar ne atharvaved[22] evan apastamb mantr path [23] mean aye hue mantr ko ashtaka ka dyotak mana hai. mantr yah hai–'vah (ashtaka) ratri hamare lie mangalakari ho, jisaka log kisi ki or ati huee gau ke saman svagat karate haian, aur jo varsh ki patni hai.'[24] atharvaved[25] mean sanvatsar ko ekashtaka ka pati kaha gaya hai. taittiriy sanhita[26] mean aya hai ki 'jo log sanvatsar satr ke lie diksha lene vale haian unhean ekashtaka ke din diksha leni chahie, jo ekashtaka kahalati hai. vah varsh ki patni hai.' jaiminiy[27] ne ekashtaka ko magh ki poornima ke pashchath ki ashtami kaha hai. apastamb grihyasootr[28] ne bhi yahi kaha hai. kintu itana jo d diya hai ki us tithi (ashtami) mean chandr jyeshtha nakshatr mean hota hai.[29] isaki arth yah hua ki yadi ashtami do dinoan ki ho gayi to vah din jab chandr jyeshtha mean hai, ekashtaka kahalayega. hiranyakeshi grihyasootr[30] ne bhi ekashtaka ko varsh ki patni kaha hai.'[31]

ashtaka krity

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

ashvalayan grihyasootr[32] ke mat se ashtaka ke din (arthath krity) char the, hemant evan shishir (arthath margashirsh, paush, magh evan phalgun) ki do rrituoan ke char masoan ke krishna pakshoan ki athavian tithiyaan. adhikaansh mean sabhi grihyasootr, yatha–manavagrihyasutr[33], shaankhayan grihyasootr[34], khadiragrihyasootr[35], kathakagrihyasootr[36], kaushitaki grihyasootr[37] evan par. grihyasootr[38] kahate haian ki keval tin hi ashtaka krity hote haian; margashirsh (agrahayan) ki poornima ke pashchath athavian tithi (ise agrahayani kaha jata tha); arthath margashirsh, paush (taish) evan magh ke krishna pakshoan mean. gobhilagrihyasootr[39] ne likha hai ki kauts ke mat se ashtakaean char haian aur sabhi mean mas diya jata hai, kintu gautam, audagahamani evan varkakhandi ne keval tin ki vyavastha di hai. baudhayan grihyasootr[40] ke mat se taish, magh evan phalgun mean tin ashtakahom kiye jate haian.

anvashtaka krity

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

yadyapi apastambagrihyasootr[41] evan shaankhayan grihyasootr[42] ka kathan hai ki anvashtaka krity mean pindapitriyajn ki vidhi mani jati hai, kintu kuchh grihyasootr[43] is krity ka vishad varnan karate haian. ashvalayan grihyasootr evan vishnu dharmasootr[44] ne madhyam marg apanaya hai. ashvalayan grihyasootr ka varnan apekshakrit sankshipt hai. yah jnatavy hai ki kuchh grihyasootroan ka kathan hai ki anvashtaka krity krishna paksh ki navami ya dashami ko kiya jata hai.[45] ise paraskar grihyasootr[46], manu[47] evan vishnu dharmasootr[48] ne anvashtaka ki sanjna di hai. atyant vishisht bat yah hai ki is krity mean stri pitaroan ka ahavan kiya jata hai aur isamean jo ahutiyaan di jati haian, unamean sura, maan d, aanjan, lep evan malaean bhi sammilit rahati haian. yadyapi ashvalayan grihyasootr[49] adi ne ghoshit kiya hai ki ashtaka evan anvashtaky masik shraddh ya pindapitriyajn par adharit haian tathapi baudhayan grihyasootr[50], gobhilagrihyasootr[51] evan khadir grihyasootr[52] ne kaha hai ki ashtaka ya anvashtaky ke adhar par hi pindapitriyajn evan any shraddh kiye jate haian. kathak grihyasootr[53] ka kathan hai ki pratham shraddh, sapindikaran jaise any shraddh, pashushraddh (jisamean pashu ka maans arpit kiya jata hai) evan masik shraddh ashtaka ki vidhi ka hi anusaran karate haian.

madhyavarsh krity

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

ashvalayan grihyasootr[54] mean madhyavarsh namak krity ke vishay mean do mat prakashit kiye gaye haian. narayan ke mat se yah krity bhadrapad krishna paksh ki tin tithiyoan mean, arthath saptami, ashtami evan navami ko kiya jata hai. doosara mat yah hai ki yah krity ashtakaoan ke saman hi hai jo bhadrapad ki trayodashi ko sampadit hota hai. jabaki samanyat: chandr magha nakshatr mean hota hai. is krity ke nam mean sandeh hai, kyoanki pandulipiyoan mean bahut se roop prastut kiye gaye haian.

anvahary shraddh

  1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
  • gobhilagrihyasootr[55] mean anvahary namak ek any shraddh ka ullekh hua hai jo ki pindapitriyajn uparant usi din sampadit hota hai.
  • shaankhayan grihyasootr[56] ne pindapitriyajn se prithakh masik shraddh ki charcha ki hai.
  • manu[57] ka kathan hai–'pitriyajn (arthath pindapitriyajn) ke sampadan ke uparant vah brahman jo agnihotri arthath ahitagni hai, prati mas use amavasya ke din pindanvaharyak shraddh karana chahie.

yajn

mukhy lekh : yajn

hindoo dharm-granthoan ke anusar pratyek grihasth hindoo ko paanch yajnoan ko avashy karana chahie-

  1. brahm-yajn - pratidin adhyayan aur adhyapan karana hi brahm-yajn hai.
  2. dev-yajn - devataoan ki prasannata hetu poojan-havan adi karana.
  3. pitri-yajn - 'shraddh' aur 'tarpan' karana hi pitri-yajn hai.
  4. bhoot-yajn - 'bali' aur 'vaishv dev' ki prasannata hetu jo pooja ki jati hai, use 'bhoot-yajn' kahate haian.
  5. manushy-yajn - isake antargat 'atithi-satkar' ata hai.

ukt paanchoan yajnoan ko nity karane ka nirdesh hai.


panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ kathakagrihyasootr 61|3
  2. ↑ jaiminiy grihyasootr 2|3
  3. ↑ shaankhayan grihyasootr 3|12|2
  4. ↑ par. grihyasootr 3|3
  5. ↑ khadiragrihyasootr 3|3|29-30
  6. ↑ isi se gobhilagri. 3|10|9 ne ise apoopashtaka kaha hai
  7. ↑ khadiragrihyasootr 3|4|1
  8. ↑ ashvalayan grihyasootr 2|4|7-10
  9. ↑ gobhilagrihyasootr 4|1|18-22
  10. ↑ kaushik 138|2
  11. ↑ baudhayan grihyasootr 2|11|51|61
  12. ↑

    ath yadi gaan n labhate meshamajan valabhate. aranyen va maansen yathopapannen. khadgamrigamahishameshavarahaprishat- shasharohitashaangatittirakapotakapianjal- vardhrinasanamakshayyan tilamadhusansrishtamh.
    tatha matsyasy shatavalai: (?) kshirodananen va.
    yadva bhavatyamairva moolaphalai: pradanamatramh. hiranyen va pradanamatramh.
    api va gograsamahareth.
    api vanoochanebhy udakumbhanahareth.
    api va shraddhamantranadhiyit.
    api varanyegnina kakshamuposhedesha meanashtaketi.
    n tvevanashtak: syath. baudhayan grihyasootr (2|11|51-61); ashtakayamashtakahomanjuhujath.
    tasya havishi dhana: karambh: shashkrily: purodash udaudan: kshiraudanastilaudano yathopapadipashu:.
    kaushikasootr (168-1-2).

  13. ↑ kathakagrihyasootr 61|1
  14. ↑ ashvalayan grihyasootr 2|4|3 evan 2|5|3-5
  15. ↑ ashvalayan grihyasootr 2|4|12
  16. ↑ gobhil grihyasootr 3|10|1
  17. ↑ dekhie ashvalayan grihyasootr 2|5|10, hiranyakeshigrihyasootr 2|10|17, apastamb grihyasootr 8|21|1, vishnupuran 3|14|3, adi
  18. ↑ gautam. (8|19
  19. ↑ shatapath brahman 6|4|2|40
  20. ↑ shatapath brahman (6|2|2|23
  21. ↑ jaiminiy (1|3|2
  22. ↑ atharvaved (3|10|2
  23. ↑ apastamb (20|27
  24. ↑ ashtakaliangashch mantra vede drishyante yaan jana: pratinandatityevamaday:. shabar (jaimini. 1|3|2). shabar ne ise jaimini. (6|5|35) mean is prakar se padha hai–'yaan jana: pratinandanti ratri dhenumivayatimh. sanvatsarasy ya patni sa no astu sumangali..' aur unhoanne jo d diya hai–'ashtakary suradhase svaha'. atharvaved (3|10|2) mean 'jana:' ke sthan par 'deva:' evan dhenumivayatimh' ke sthan par dhenumupayatimh aya hai.
  25. ↑ atharvaved (3|10|8
  26. ↑ taittiriy sanhita (7|4|8|1
  27. ↑ jaiminiy (6|5|32-37
  28. ↑ apastamb grihyasootr (haradatt, gautam. 8|19
  29. ↑ panini (7|3|85) ke ek vartik ke anusar 'ashtaka' shabd 'ashtan' se bana hai. pa. (7|3|45) ka 9vaan vartik hamean batata hai ki 'ashtan' se 'ashtaka' vyutpann hai, jisaka arth hai ki vah krity jisake adhishthata devata pitar log haian, aur 'ashtika' shabd ka arth kuchh aur hai, yatha 'ashtika khari'.
  30. ↑ hiranyakeshi grihyasootr (2|15|9
  31. ↑ magh ki poornima varsh ka mukh kahalati hai. arthath prachin kal mean usi se varsh ka arambh mana jata tha. poornima ke pashchath ashtaka din poornima ke uparant ka pratham evan atyant mahattvapoorn parv tha aur yah varsharambh (varsh arambh hone) se chhota mana jata tha. sambhavat: isi karan yah varsh ki patni kaha gaya hai.
  32. ↑ ashvalayan grihyasootr (2|4|1
  33. ↑ manavagrihyasutr (218
  34. ↑ shaankhayan grihyasootr (3|12|1
  35. ↑ khadiragrihyasootr (3|2|27
  36. ↑ kathakagrihyasootr (61|1
  37. ↑ kaushitaki grihyasootr (3|15|1
  38. ↑ par. grihyasootr (3|3
  39. ↑ gobhilagrihyasootr (3|10|48
  40. ↑ baudhayan grihyasootr (2|11|1
  41. ↑ apastambagrihyasootr (2|5|3
  42. ↑ shaankhayan grihyasootr (3|13|7
  43. ↑ yatha khadiragrihyasootr 3|5 evan gobhilagrihyasootr 4|2-3
  44. ↑ ashvalayan grihyasootr evan vishnu dharmasootr (74
  45. ↑ khadiragrihyasootr 3|5|1
  46. ↑ paraskar grihyasootr (3|3|30
  47. ↑ manu (4|150
  48. ↑ vishnu dharmasootr (74|1 evan 76|10
  49. ↑ ashvalayan grihyasootr (2|5
  50. ↑ baudhayan grihyasootr (3|12|1
  51. ↑ gobhilagrihyasootr (4|4
  52. ↑ khadir grihyasootr (3|5|35
  53. ↑ kathak grihyasootr (66|1|68, 68|1 evan 69|1
  54. ↑ ashvalayan grihyasootr (2|5|9
  55. ↑ gobhilagrihyasootr (4|4|3
  56. ↑ shaankhayan grihyasootr (4|1|13
  57. ↑ manu (3|122-123

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