कुक्कुट

kukkut murg, murga-murga. bharatiy mool ka ek jangali pakshi jo ab palatoo ban gaya hai. chin se prapt ek lekh ke anusar yah pakshi teees sau varsh poorv bharat se chin le jaya gaya tha. isase yah jnat hota hai ki is kal se bahut poorv bharat mean kukkut palan aranbh ho gaya tha. moanhean-jo-d doan se prapt mitti ke ek muhar par kukkut ka aankan bhi isaka praman hai. sahity mean isaka prachinatam ullekh artharvaved mean prapt hota hai. un dinoan yah lokavishvas prachalit ho gaya tha ki ghar mean kukkut palane se rakshasoan aur shatruoan ke jadoo-tona ka prabhav nahian hota. vaidik sahity se is bat ki janakari prapt hoti hai ki ashvamedh yajn ke samay savitri devata ko kukkut ki bali di jati thi. paravarti kal mean yajn mean kukkutabali nishiddh ho gee tathapi ajatak gram devataoan ke sammukh isaki bali di jati hai. bhoot-pishachoan ko bhi santusht karane ke lie kukkut bali ki pratha ab bhi anek gramy aur vanajatiyoan mean prachalit hai. prachin kal mean log manovinodarth ki kukkut palate the aur unake yuddh mean ras lete the. ajakal is pakshi ka palan mukhyaroop se vyavasay ke roop mean kiya jata hai. usaka maans aur aanda khane ke kam ata hai (dekhie kukkut utpadan)

bharatiy kukkut ki moolat: do jatiyaan haian-

• desh ke dakshini prayadvip ke pashchim pradesh mean chhoti paha diyoanvale kshetr mean baans ki kothiyoan ke bich paee jati haian. is jati ke kukkut adhikaanshat: bhuramutoan aur saph kie jangaloan mean ugi chhoti jha diyoan tatha uja d upavanoan mean rahate haian. isako laitin ki paribhashik shabdavali mean gailas sannetaee kahate haian.

• isaka laitin nam gailas-gailas hai. yah himalay ki taraee tatha dakshin mean phaili paha diyoan ki talahati tatha madhyapradesh ke sal jangaloan mean paee jati hai. bharat ke atirikt yah varma, thailaiand, malaya prayadvip mean bhi paee jati hai. donoan hi jatiyoan ke kukkut pray: ek se hi hote haian. pratyaksh bhinnata keval rang mean dekhane mean ati hai. pahali jati ka kukkut dharidar bhoore rang ka hota hai aur usaki pooanchh chamakadar aur hansiye ki akar ki hoti hai. mada kukkut ka pith ka bhag halka katthee aur pet pray: saphed hota hai aur usamean chitti hoti hai. doosari jati ke kukkut ka rang kuchh lal hota hai. in donoan hi jati ke kukkut darapok aur sharmile hote haian aur pray: yooth banakar rahate haian. ve apani ot se khan dhooandhane ke lie subah sham nikalate haian apani ot se adhik door nahian jate. jara si ahat pate hi jhat apani ot mean ghus jate haian. anaj, koanpal, jangali phal, goolar adi aur ki de mako de, medhak, chooha adi inake bhojan hai.

kukkut ka virata mean doosara koee sani nahian hai. mada kukkut apane bachchoan ki raksha ke lie jan l da deti hai. nar kukkut apani mada kukkut ko sankatagrast dekhakar kuchh bhi kar sakata hai. yuddhasannaddh kukkut any janavaroan ki tarah hi joojhate haian. kadachith‌ usaki is virata ke karan hi ise puranoan mean devataoan ke senapati kartikey ka vahan mana gaya hai aur kala mean isaka pray: isi roop mean aankan dekhane mean ata hai.

sansar ke sabhi palatoo kukkut gelas-gelas jati se vikasit hue haian. bharat ke palatoo kukkut aj bhi adhikaanshat: mool nasl ke hi haian kiantu anyatr sankar, pratisankar nasloan ke roop mean usaki sau se adhik jatiyaan aur upajatiyaan ban gee haian.

khady (maans aur aande) ki drishti se achchhe aur vyavasay ki drishti se labhadayak samajhe janevale kukkutoan mean eshiya ke barma, kochin, aur leangashan, astreliya ka astralarm, bhoomadhyasagariy legaharn aur minorka, iangalaiand ke darkig, arpigatan aur saseks tatha amariki plimatharak, vedadotte, radai ailaiand red aur nyoo hempashayar pramukh hai. kukkut ki kuchh jati aur upajati aisi bhi haian jinhean log unake rang, roop, kalangi adi ki visheshataoan ke karan manovinodarth athava shaukiya palate haian. is varg ke kukkutoan ko baiantam nam se pukarate haian.

in sabhi jatiyoan ke kukkut ki choanch saman roop se dridh aur nukili hoti hai. unake gale mean khana rakhane ka ek thaila hota hai jo pray: bahar se dikhaee nahian deta. inake daine itane majaboot nahian hote ki ve ooanchi u danean bhar sakean; kiantu pair aur uangaliyaan kaphi sashakt hoti haian jinase ve kaphi dau d aur bhag sakate haian tatha unake sahare adde par baith sakate haian. adhikaansh jati ke kukkutoan ke pairoan mean char uangaliyaan hoti hai. par darkig adi kuchh jatiyoan ke kukkutoan ke paanch uangaliyaan hoti haian. nar-kukkut ko inake atirikt ek aur uangali hoti hai jise khag kah sakate haian. vah atyant paini hoti hai. usaka sahayog ve yuddh ke samay shatru ko ghayal karane ke lie karate haian. nar aur mada, donoan ke sir par kalangi aur gale ke niche loraki hoti hai. nar mean ye donoan hi mada ki apeksha b de hote haian. jati aur upajati ke anuroop kalangi akar mean chhoti athava b di hoti hai aur yah kalangi kinhian mean ek aur kinhian mean do hoti hai. kuchh kukkutoan ke pooanchh nahian hoti kuchh mean bahut b di pooanchh hoti hai. japan ki yakohama jati ke kukkut ki pooanchh bis phut lanbi hoti hai. kuchh kukkutoan ki gardan par pankh nahian hote. akar, rang aur roop ki drishti se jati ke anuroop bahut vividhata dekhane mean ati hai. kuchh to akar mean itane chhote hote haian ki unaka vajan ek kilogram bhi nahian hota aur kuchh chhah-sat kilogram vajan tak ke hote haian.

any pakshiyoan ki tarah hi samany avastha mean mada kukkut vasant ke dinoan mean prati din ek aanda deti hai kiantu pandrah aande se adhik kabhi nahian deti. usake bad vah aandoan ko sena aranbh karati hai aur tin saptah tak unhean seti rahati hai. aandoan se jab chooje (bachche) nikal p date haian tab bhi vah kee saptah tak unaki dekhabhal karati hai. usake bad agale vasant tak koee aanda nahian deti. kiantu kukkut palanevale adhik aande prapt karane ke lie usaki moorkhata athava bholepan ka labh uthate haian. jab vah 8-10 aande de leti hai aur jab unake sene ka din nikat ane lagata hai to ve ek ek kar aande ko hatate jate haian aur mada kukkut aandoan ke pandrah ki sankhya poori hone ki asha mean sene ka kam n kar nity ek aanda deti jati hai. yahi nahian, kukkut palan karane vale adhik aande prapt karane ke lie any upay bhi karate haian. ve unhean aisa bhojan dete haian jisase unaka aanda dene ka kram band n ho. ve prakash aur garmi ki vyavastha kar kukkut ko garmi ke mausam ke bhram mean dale rakhate haian. is prakar mada kukkut varsh bhar aanda deti rahati haian. kuchh varsh poorv tak palatoo mada kukkut varsh mean 6 darjan se adhik aande nahian deti thian. kiantu ab in kritrim upayoan ke karan vah samany roop se 150 aande deti hai; kuchh aisi bhi haian jo 200 tak aande deti haian. kuchh inase bhi adhik aande deti haian. kuchh varsh poorv nyoojilaiand mean ek mada kukkut ne varsh ke 365 din mean 361 aande die the.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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