कीटाहारी जंतु

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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kitahari jantu ve jiv hote haian, jo kitoan ka bhakshan karate haian. is varg ke aantargat ati prachin svaroop ke, kuchh adiyug ke praniyoan ke anuroop tatha kuchh atyadhik vishesh prakar ke jantu ate haian. ye chhote chhote jiv kadachith‌ anadi kal se apani sharirik rachana mean bina kisi b de parivartan ke chale a rahe haian. kitabhakshakoan ki sabase anokhi visheshata yah hai ki inaki shreni mean anaginat prakar ke prani haian. ajakal jo kitabhakshak pae jate haian, unamean stanadhari varg ke katipay aise prani haian, jinaki ya to sharirik rachana adbhoot hai, athava svabhav sarvatha vichitr hai. inhian karanoan se kitahari varg ke jantu pranishastriyoan ke lie vishesh adhyayan ke vishay rahe haian. mangoliya ka fasil kitabhakshi, deltathiridiyam [1], is varg ka shvet rang ka ek ati prachin jantu tha. isaki lanbe akar ki age nikali huee khop di do ianch se kam lanbi hoti thi, kiantu adhunik yug ke kitahari jantuoan ke saman isako vishesh nasika nahian thian.[2]

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shreniyaan

kitahariyoan ki pahale char shreniyaan mani jati thian, kiantu ab tin hi mukhy shreniyaan haian. in shreniyaan ke aantargat ab darameptara[3] varg nahian gina jata. kitahariyoan ke vargikaran mean atyadhik vividhata aur asamanata paee jati hai. jahaan do shreniyaan ke jantuoan mean atyadhik samanata paee jati hai, vahaan tisari shreni inase bilkul alag aur bhinn prakar ki pratit hoti haian. is drishti se maidagaskar dvip ke anokhe tenarek[4], pashchimi aphrika ke shroo[5] namak kitahari tatha dvipasamooh ke solen aaudans[6] se sarvatha bhinn haian. isake viparit sahi tatha laghu akar ka eliphaiant shroo[7], jinako maikroskelids[8] kahate haian, atyadhik sajatiy maloom hote haian.

kitabhakshakoan ki shreni ka koee jantu b de athava madhyam akar tak ke stanadhari jantuoan ke roop mean vikasit nahian hua, phalat: is shreni ke adhikaansh jantu chhote akar ke hi rahe haian. phir bhi maidagaskar ke seantites jantu, jo keval do phut lanbe hote haian, is shreni ke sabase b de janavar haian. sadharanat shroo (chhachhooandar) sabase chhota stanadhari prani hai. kadachith‌ apane chhipe rahane ke svabhav tatha chhote akar ke karan hi ye kitahari kriteshas yug[9] se lekar ab tak apani lanbi avadhi mean bhi samapt nahian hue.

visheshataean

anumanat: sab prakar ke kitahariyoan ka mastishk chhota tatha apane poorvajoan ki bhaanti hota tha. in stanadhari jantuoan ke poore sankraman kal mean daant tatha khop di ki banavat bhi adhikaanshat: unake poorvajoan ke akar ki hi bhaanti chali a rahi haian. khop di se unaki bahut-si adikalin visheshataoan ka pata chalata haian, jaise apoorn maansavihin kanapati ki haddi aur kan ka khula hua chhidr, jisamean kan ki haddi keval aanshik vritt banati haian. adikalin kitahariyoan ke dhaanche ke samanyat: anuroop hi is varg ke praniyoan ke dhaanchoan ki rachana ab bhi chal rahi haian, kiantu kuchh samoohoan mean jo tho da sa aantar drishtigochar hota hai, vah us jiv ki kis vishesh avashyakata ki poorti ke lie hua pratit hota hai. udaharanarth, chhachhooandar ke saman mol[10] ke hath aur pair jamin khodane ke lie b de sashakt hote haian. anyatha usaki rahan sahan, sharir par mulayam bal ke sthan par kaante hona, chhipakar sona, chhote akar ka hona aur khatara p dane par apane sharir ko mo dakar geand ke akar ka bana lena, ye sari visheshataean usake poorvajoan ki visheshataoan ki hi or sanket karati haian.[2]

ajakal pae janevale adhikaansh kitahari nishachar hote haian, jo prachinayug se aparivartit roop se chali a rahi stanadhari jivoan ki visheshataoan ko dharan karate haian. yahi karan hai ki sahi mean kaante hote haian aur mol mean chhipe rahane ka svabhav hota haian. bahut se kitahari shitakal mean so jate haian. isilie unake sharir mean charbi ki adhikata hoti haian. is shreni mean sarvadhik mahatv ke prani shroo hote haian.

vargikaran

kitahariyoan ka vargikaran atyant kathin haian, kyoanki isake aantargat kitahari jantu kabhi kisi varg mean rakha jata hai aur kabhi kisi mean. daant, khop di aur mastishk ki rachana ke anusar to yah kar-paksh-varg ke chamagad d jaise any praniyoan ke saman haian. thumb|200px|left|talapidi isake atirikt inake avasheshoan ka adhyayan karane se, visheshajnoan ke anusar, se kitahari lemoor[11] jati ke bandaroan ke anuroop pratit hote haian tatha kuchh ke anusar se dvidvant ke hi samip haian. pe d par rahane vale shroo ki pariganana isi kitahari shreni mean hoti thi, parantu ab sthiti bhinn hai, aur shroo praimeta[12] varg mean rakhe ge haian. is prakar kitahari jantuoan aur praimet varg ke bandaroan mean bhi nikatata dekhi jati haian.

kuchh visheshajnoan ke anusar kitahariyoan ke zalaiandodaanta[13] tatha dailaiandod aaunta upavargoan ke vibhajan se unaki parasparik jatiyata tatha sanbandh hone ka abhas nahian hota. kitahariyoan ka sarvadhik nyayasangat vargikaran tabhi sanbhav hoga jab unake anek samoohoan ko kitahari svikar kiya jae. sianpasan ne supar faimilij ke roop mean inaka varnan kiya haian. is prakar sianpasan ke anusar kitahariyoan ka vargikaran nimnalikhit hai[2]-

talapidi

talapidi[14] kul-is kul mean chhachhooandar ke saman mol namak jantu hai. yah shroo ki apeksha roop rang mean bhinn hota hai tatha poorvi deshoan ko chho dakar sabhi jagah paya jata hai. isamean 3143/3143 ki sanpoorn dantavali paee jati hai. thumb|200px|sorasidi

sorasidi

sorasidi[15] kul-is shreni mean shroo jaise jantu sammilit haian. visheshajnoan ke matanusar yah kul paryapt prachin hai. isake aantargat pae jane vale jantu vyapak roop se tatha prithvi ke pratyek bhag mean bahut adhik sankhya mean pae jate haian. bhookh adhik lagane ke karan ye jantu har samay bhojan karate rahate haian. phalat: ye ek din mean apane se doone bhar se bhi adhik padarth udarasth kar lete haian. shroo ki dant rachana 3 (1) 2 (1) 3/2,0 1,3 hoti hai jo mol ki dantarachana se bhinn hai. ye prani samast yooreshiya, uttari amarika tatha aphrika mean pae jate haian.

erinesaidi

erinesaidi[16] kul-is shreni ka pratinidhitv sahi karate haian. is parivar mean bhi kitahari do prakar ke hote haian, jinaka vargikaran is prakar haian-

  1. sahi[17]
  2. jimanyoora[18]

dekhane mean ye donoan ek doosare se sarvatha bhinn hote hue bhi paraspar nikat sanbandhi haian. thumb|200px|left|erinesaidi in kitahariyoan ki sharir rachana mean un adikal stanadhari praniyoan ki visheshataean vidyaman haian, jo dainosar[19] ke samakalin the. sahi ki paanch jatiyaan haian. ye doosare stanadhari praniyoan ki apeksha adhik chhote akar ke jantu hote haian. inake hath-pair bhi chhote-chhote hote haian, jinamean patale or tikshn panjoan vali chhoti aur patali uangaliyaan tatha aangoothe hote haian. sahi ka svabhav jati, jalavayu tatha nivas sthan ke anusar bhinn prakar ka hota haian. atyadhik shit, tap tatha shushk mausam mean, jab ann ki kami ho jati haian, ye jantu nishkriy ho jate haian. udaranarth, bharat mean sahi svabhavat: rat mean hi nikalata hai, parantu aphrika mean vah din mean bhi chalata-phirata dikhaee p data hai. inake ek bar mean char se lekar chhah tak bachche hote haian. navajat shishu kuchh samay tak drishtivihin hote haian. unake nagn sharir par shvet aur chhote kaante dikhaee dete haian, jo aranbh mean mulayam hote haian. inaki dant rachana bhi kuchh kitahari jantuoan ki dantarachana se bhinn arthath‌ 3133/2123 hoti hai.[2]

daram aauptara

daram aauptara[20] kul-kuchh samay pahale is varg ke prani moolat: kitahari varg ke aantargat mane jate the. sach to yah hai ki daram aauptara ka vargikaran sadaiv hi matabhed ka vish bana raha hai. yah kabhi kisi jati mean kabhi kisi mean rakha gaya haian. adhunikatam vargikaran ke phalasvaroop daram aauptara ko kitahari varg se alag kad ab svatantr sthan diya gaya haian. ye kitahari jantu dakshin amerika, aaustreliya, dhruv deshoan aur marusthaloan ke atirikt sansar mean sab sthanoan par pae jate haian.


panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ Deltatheridium
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 kitahari jantu (hindi) bharatakhoj. abhigaman tithi: 28 mee, 2015.
  3. ↑ Dermaptera
  4. ↑ Tenrec
  5. ↑ Soricidae shrew
  6. ↑ Solenodons
  7. ↑ Elephant shrew
  8. ↑ Macroscelides
  9. ↑ Crataceous period
  10. ↑ Mole
  11. ↑ Lemur
  12. ↑ Primate
  13. ↑ Golambdodota
  14. ↑ Talpidae
  15. ↑ Soricidae
  16. ↑ Erinaceidae
  17. ↑ hejahags, Hedgehogs
  18. ↑ Gymnura
  19. ↑ Dinosaur
  20. ↑ Dermoptera

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

dekhean • varta • badalean
jiv jantu jagat
stanadhari
sarisrip
pakshi varg
jalachar
ubhayachar
kit
any

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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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