केंचुआ
keanchua
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| jagat | jantu (Animalia) |
| sangh | ainelida (Annelida) |
| varg | oligokaita (Oligochaeta) |
| gan | haiploteksida (Haplotaxida) |
| kul | lumbrisiedi (Lumbricidae) |
| jati | lumbrikas (Lumbricus) |
| prajati | teresatris (terrestris) |
| dvipad nam | lumbrikas teresatris (Lumbricus terrestris) |
| any janakari | keanchue ke sharir mean lagabhag 100 se 120 tak khand hote haian. isake sharir ke bahari khandikaran ke anuroop bhitari khandikaran bhi hota hai. |
keanchua (aangrezi:Earthworn) yah ek krimi hai jo lanba, vartulakar, tamravarn ka hota hai aur barasat ke dinoan mean gili mitti par reangata najar ata hai. keanchua ainelida (Annelida) sangh ka sadasy hai. ainelida vikhand (Metameric) khandayukt dviparshv samamiti vale (bilatrally symmetrical) prani haian. inake sharir ke khandoan par adarshabhoot roop se kaeetin (Chitin) ke bane chhote chhote suee jaise aang hote hai. inhean sita (Seta) kahate haian. sita cham de ke aandar thailiyoan mean pae jate haian aur ye hi thailiyaan sita ka nirman bhi karati haian.
rang-roop evan akar
ainelida sangh mean khandayukt ki de ate haian. inaka sharir lanba hota hai aur kee khandoan mean banta rahata hai. oopar se dekhane par uthale khat (Furrows) in khandoan ko ek doosare se alag karate haian aur aandar inhian khatoan ke niche maansapeshiyukt parde hote haian, jinako pat ya bhiktika kah sakate haian. pat sharir ke aandar ki jagah ko khandoan mean baantate haian. pratyek adarshabhoot khand mean bahar upaang ka ek jo da hota hai aur aandar ek jo di tantrikaguchchhika (nerve ganglion) ek jo di utsarjan aang (nephridiya Nephridia), ek jo da jananapiand (g aaunaids Gonads), tatha raktanalikaoan ki jo di aur paanchanaang evan maansapeshiyaan hoti haian. keanchue ke sharir mean lagabhag 100 se 120 tak khand hote haian. isake sharir ke bahari khandikaran ke anuroop bhitari khandikaran bhi hota hai. isake age ke sire mean kuchh aise khand milate haian jo bahari rekhaoan dvara do ya tin bhagoan mean bante rahate haian. is prakar ek khand do ya tin upakhandoan mean bant jata hai. khandoan ko upakhandoan mean baantane vali rekhaean keval bahar hi paee jati haian. bhitar ke khand upakhandoan mean vibhajit nahian hote. thumb|left|keanchua keanchue ka mukh sharir ke pahale khand mean paya jata hai. yah dekhane mean adhrarchandrakar hota hai. isake samane ek maansal pravardh latakata rahata hai, jisako prostomiyam (Prostomium) kahate haian. pahala khand, jisamean mukh ghira rahata hai parituand (peristomiyam Peristomium) kahalata hai. sharir ke aantim khand mean maladvar ya guda hoti hai. isaliye isaka gudakhand kahate haian. vayask keanchue mean 14vean 15vean aur 16vean khand ek doosare se mil jate haian aur ek moti patti banate haian, jisako klaitelam (Clitellum) kahate haian. isaki divar mean granthiyaan bhi hoti haian, jo vishesh prakar ke ras paida kar sakati haian. inase paida hue ras aandoan ki raksha ke liye kokoon banate haian. paanchave aur chhathe, chhathe aur satavean, satavean aur athavean aur navean ke bichavali aantakhandiy khatoan mean agal bagal chhote chhote chhed hote haian, jinako shukradhani radhran (Spermathecal pores) kahate haian. inamean laiangik sanpark ke samay shukr doosare keanchue se akar ekatrit ho jata hai. 14vean khand ke bich mean ek chhota mada janan-chhidr hota hai aur 18vean khand ke agal bagal nar-janan chhidroan ka ek jo da hota hai. 17vean aur 19vean khandoan par nar janan chhidroan ki rekha mean hi, unake age aur pichhe ubhare hue, papila (Papillae) hote haian. inako janan papila kahate haian. janan papila ki upasthiti evan banavat bhinn bhinn jati ke kean chuoan mean bhinn hoti hai. pahale 12 khandoan ko chho dakar sab khandoan ke bich vali aantarkhandiy rekhaoan ke bich mean chhote chhote chhidr hote haian. chooanki ye prishthiy paksh mean hote haian, isaliye inhean prishthiy chhidr kahate haian. ye chhidr sharir ki guha ko bahar se sanbandhit karate haian. pahala prishthachhidr 12vean aur 13vean khand ke bich ki khat mean paya jata hai. aantim khat ko chho dakar baki sabamean ek ek chhed hota hai. pahale do khandoan ko chho dakar baki sharir ki divar par anek aniyamit roop se bikhare chhidr hote haian. ye utsarjan aang ke bahari chhidr haian. inako nefaridiyopors (Nephridio-pores) kahate haian.
sharirik sanrachana
keanchue ka lagabhag tin chauthaee bhag sharir ki divar ke aandar g da hota hai aur tho da sa hi bhag bahar nikala rahata hai. ye pahale aur aantim khandoan ko chho dakar sab khandoan ke bich mean pae jate haian. pray: ye khandoan ke bich mean ubhari huee spasht rekha si bana lete haian. ek khand mean lagabhag 200 sita hote haian. inako yadi nikal kar dekha jay to inaka rang halka pila hoga. yadi sita ke oopar aur niche ke siroan ko khianch diya jae, jaisa chitr mean dikhaya gaya hai, to akar mean sita aangreji akshar S se milata hai. pratyek sita ek thaile mean sthit rahata hai. vah thaila bahari divar ke dhans jane se banata hai aur yahi thaila sita ka nirman karata hai. sita apani lanbaee ke lagabhag bich mean kuchh phool jata hai. in gaanthoan ko nodyool (Nodules) nam diya jata hai. sita visheshakar keanchue ko chalane mean sahayata karate haian. in khandoan ke anuroop pat ya bhittiyaan hoti haian, jo sharir ki guha ko khandoan mean baantati haian. keanchua ke pachanaang lanbi, patali divaravali nali ke roop mean hote haian, jo mukh se guda tak phaili rahati haian, keanchue ka keandriy tantr spasht hota hai aur isaki mukhy tantrika aantoan ke niche sharir ke pratiprishth bhag se hoti huee jati hai. pratyek khand mean tantrika phoolakar guchchhika banati haian. isase anek tantrikaean nikalakar sharir ke vibhinn aangoan mean jati haian. keanchue ka ek chhota sa mastishk bhi hota hai. isaka akar sadharan hota hai aur yah aantoan ke agale bhag mean sthit rahata hai. isake alava sharir mean kee samaantar raktanalikaean hoti haian. inamean rakt ka sanchar karane ke liye char b di b di spandanashil nalikaean rahati haian. ye siku dati aur phailati rahati haian. isase rakt ka sanchar hota rahata hai. jahaan tak prajanan aangoan ka sanbandh hai, ek hi keanchue mean donoan liangoan ke aang pae jate haian isiliye inhean dviliangiy (hermaphrodite) kahate haian. kiantu unamean svasansechan sanbhav nahian haian; parasansechan hi hota hai. do keanchue ek doosare se sanpark mean ate haian aur sansechan karate haian.thumb|left|keanchua
avas
keanchue prithvi ke aandar lagabhag 1 ya 1.5 phut ki gaharaee tak rahate haian. yah adhikatar prithvi par paee jane vali s di patti bij, chhote ki doan ke dianbh (larve), aande ityadi khate haian. ye sab padarth mitti mean mile rahate haian. inhean grahan karane ke liye keanchue ko poori mitti nigal jani p dati hai. ye prithvi ke bhitar bil banakar rahane vale jantu haian. inake bil kabhi kabhi chhah ya sat phut ki gaharaee tak chale jate haian. varsha rritu mean, jab bil pani se bhar jate haian, keanchue bahar nikal ate haian. inaka bil banane ka tarika rochak hai. ye kisi sthan mean mitti khana praranmbh karate haian aur sir ko aandar ghuse date hue mitti khate jate haian. mitti ke aandar jo poshak vastuean hoti haian unhean inaki aantean grahan kar leti haian. shesh mitti maladvar se bahar nikalati jati haian. keanchue ke mal, jo adhikatar mitti ka bana hota hai, moti seanvee ki akriti ka hota hai. isako varm kastiang (worm casting) kahate haian. pray: barasat ke pashchath pe doan ke niche, charagahoan aur khetoan mean, varm kastiang ke dher adhik sankhya mean dikhaee p date haian. keanchue rat mean kary karan vale prani hai. bhojan aur prajanan ke liye ve rat mean hi bahar nikalate haian; din mean chhipe rahate haian. sadharanat: sharir ko bil ke bahar nikalane ke pashchath ye apana pichhala hissa bil ke aandar hi rakhate haian, jisamean tanik bhi sankat ane par yah turant bil ke aandar ghus jaean. pheritaima (Pheretima) jati ke keanchue prithvi ke bahar bahut kam nikalate haian. inaki sari kriyaean prithvi ke aandar hi hoti hai. keanchue machhaliyoan ka priy bhojan hai. machhali pak dane vale kaante mean keanchue ko laga dete haian, jisako khane ke karan ve kaante mean phans jati haian.
keanchuoan ki jatiyaan
thumb|keanchua bharat mean kee jatiyoan ke keanchue pae jate haian. inamean se keval do aise haian jo asani se prapt hote haian. ek hai pheritaima aur doosara hai yootaiphiyas. pheritaima p aausathyooma (Pheretima Posthuma) sare bharatavarsh mean milata hai. uparyukt keanchue ka varnan isi ka hai. pheritaima aur yootaiphiyas keval sharir rachana mean hi bhinn nahian hote, varanh inaki varm kastiang bhi bhinn prakar ki hoti hai. pheritaima ki varm kastiang mitti ki prithakh goliyoan ke chhote dher jaisi hoti hai aur yootaiphiyas ki kastiang mitti ki uthi huee rekhaoan ke saman hoti hai. keanchue ki kuchh jatiyaan prakash dene vali hoti haian. inake cham de ki bahari jhilli prakash ko din mean grahan kar leti hai aur ratri mean chamakati rahati hai.
kisanoan ke sachche mitr
keanchue kisanoan ke sachche mitr aur sahayak haian. inaka mitti khane ka dhang labhadayak hai. ye prithvi ko ek prakar se jotakar kisanoan ke liye upajaoo banate haian. varm kastiang ki oopari mitti sookh jati hai, phir barik hokar prithvi ki satah par phail jati hai. is tarah jahaan keanchue rahate haian vahaan ki mitti poli ho jati hai, jisase pani aur hava prithvi ki bhitar sugamata se pravesh kar sakati hai. is prakar keanchue hal ke saman kary karate haian. daravin ne bataya hai ki ek ek d mean 10,000 se oopar keanchue rahate haian. ye keanchue ek varsh mean 14 se 18 tan, ya 400 se 500 man mitti prithvi ke niche se lakar satah par ekatrit kar dete haian. isase prithvi ki satah 1/5 ianch ooanchi ho jati hai. yah mitti keanchuoan ke pachan aang se hokar ati hai, isaliye isamean naitrojanayukt padarth bhi mil jate haian aur yah khad ka kary karati haian. is prakar ve manushy ke liye prithvi ko upajaoo banate rahate haian. yadi inako poorn roop se prithvi se hata diya jae to krishi ke liye samasya utpann ho jayagi.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh