कंचुकपक्ष
kanchukapaksh koliaauptera[1] kitavarg [2] ka ek ati vikasit, gun sanpann tatha mahanh gan ardar[3] hai. isake mukhy lakshan ye haian: do jo de pankhoan mean se agale oopari pankhoan ka k da, mote cham de jaisa hona; isake agale pankh pith ki madhy rekha par ek doosare se milate haian aur inako bahudha pakshavarm elitra[4] kahate haian; pichhale pankh patale, jhilli jaise hote haian aur agale pankhoan ke niche chhipe rahate haian, jinase unaki raksha hoti hai. u date samay pakshavarm santulan banaye rakhane ka kam karate haian; inake vakshagr prothoreks[5]b de hote haian; mukh aang kutarane ya chabane ke yogy hote haian; inake dianbh (larva) vividh prakar ke hote haian, kiantu ye kabhi bhi praroopik bahupadoan p aaulip aauds[6]ki bhaanti ke nahian hote. sadharanat: is gan ke sadasyoan ko aangrezi mean 'Bitl' kahate haian aur ye vividh akar prakar ke hone ke sath hi lagabhag sabhi prakar ke vatavaran mean pae jate haian. u dane mean kam ane vale pankhoan par choli ke saman sanrakshak pakshavarm elitra[7] rahane ke karan hi in jivoan ko kanchukapaksh kahate haian.
jatiyoan ka ullekh
kanchukapaksh gan mean 2,20,000 se adhik jatiyoan ka ullekh kiya ja chuka hai aur is prakar yah kitavarg hi nahian, varanh samast jantu sansar ka sabase b da gan hai. inaki rahan-sahan bahut bhinn hoti hai; kiantu inamean se adhikaansh mitti ya s date galate padarthoan mean pae jate haian. kee jatiyaan gobar, gho de ke mal, adi mean milati haian aur isalie inako gubaraila kaha jata hai. kuchh jatiyaan jaliy prakriti ki hoti haian; kuchh vanaspatyahari haian aur inake dianbh tatha praudh donoan hi paudhoan ke vibhinn bhagoan ko khate haian; kuchh jatiyaan, jinako sadharanat: ghun nam se abhihit kiya jata hai, kath, baans adi mean chhedakar unako khokhala karati haian aur unhian mean rahati haian. kuchh sookhe anaj, masale, me ve adi ka nash karati haian.[8]
akar
nap mean kanchukapaksh ek or hote haian, doosari or kafi b de. korailofidi tatha tilaidi vanshoan ke kee sadasy 0.5 milimitar se bhi kam lanbe hote haian to skairabidi [9] vansh ke dainestiz harakyoolis[10] tatha saraianbaisidi[11]vansh ke maikrod aaunshiya saravik aaurnis[12] ki lanbaee 15.5 seantimitar tak pahuanchati hai. phir bhi sanrachana ki drishti se inamean b di samanata hai. inake sir ki visheshata hai gal (griv, aangreji mean gula) ka samanyat: upasthit hona, adhohanvasthi maiksili[13] ka bahuvikasit aur majaboot hona, oordhvahanvasthi[14] ka samanyat: poorn hona tatha adharoshth lebiyam[15] mean chibuk [16] ka suvikasit hona. vaksh bhag mean vakshagr b da tatha gatishil hata hai aur vakshamadhy tatha vakshapashch ek doosare se ju de hote haian; prishthakagr [17] ek hi patt ka bana hota hai tatha parshvak plooran[18] kee pattoan mean nahian vibhajit hota. taangean bahudha dau dane ya khodane ke lie sanparivartit hoti haian, kiantu jaliy jatiyoan mean ye tairane yogy hoti haian.
pankhoan mean pakshavarm ka lakshanik mahatv ke haian tatha pichhale pankh ka na divinyas veneshan[19] any ganoan ke na divinyas se bhinn hota hai, isaki visheshata hai ki lanbavath na diyoan ki pramukhata haian. na divinyas ko tin mukhy bhedoan mean baanta jata hai :
- sabhi mukhy na diyoan ka poornataya vikasit hona aur unaka ek doosare se a di na diyoan dvara ju di hona (edifegid (Adephagid) prakar ka hona);
- a di na diyoan ki anupasthiti tatha gh ke praranbhik bhag ki anupasthiti (staifilinid (Staphylinid) prakar ka hona); aur
- g tatha kdv ka doorasth bhag mean ek doosare se judakar ek chakr ka nirman karana (kaiantherid (Cantharid) prakar ka hona).
udar ki sanrachana
udar ki sanrachana bhi vibhinn hoti hai, kiantu usamean bahudha nau spasht khand hote haian. kee vanshoan mean udar ke pichhale khand par janan sanbandhi pravardh hote haian. nar mean ye maithun mean sahayak hote haian aur stri mean aandarop koan (ovip aauzitaroan [20] ka nirman karate haian. inaka sanbandh kuchh had tak aankharopan svabhav se hota hai aur ye vargikaran mean sahayak haian. adhikaansh jatiyoan mean kisi n kisi prakar ke dhvanyutpadak aang pae jate haian. inaki rachana anek prakar ki hoti hai. inaki sthitiyaan bhi bahut vibhinn hoti haian. udaharan ke lie ye shir ke oopar tatha agr vaksh par sthit ho sakate haian, ya shir ke niche ke bhag mean. sthiti ke anusar gahan [21] ne inako char mukhy bhedoan mean baanta hai. skairabidi vansh ke sadasyoan mean ye bahut suvikasit dasha mean milate haian. kanchukapaksh kitoan ke jivanetihas mean spasht roopaantaran hota hai. aande vividh sthanoan mean die jate haian aur vividh roop ke hote haian. udaharan ke lie aausipas [22] vansh ke aande bahut b de aur sankhya mean tho de hote haian aur miloido[23] vansh ke aande bahut chhote aur bahusankhyak hote haian. haidrophilidi[24]vansh mean aande koshoan mean surakshit rakhe jate haian aur kaisidini[25] upavansh mean ve ek dianbavaran mean lipate hote haian. k aauksinelidi [26] ke aande pattiyoan par samoohoan mean die jate haian, aur karakuliyonidi [27] ke kit apane mukhaang dvara paudhoan ya bijoan mean chhed kar unamean aande dete haian. isi prakar skolaitini [28] mean stri aandoan aur dianbh ki raksha aur unaka poshan bhi karati hai.[8]
prakar
inamean vardhan kal mean spasht roopaantaran hota hai tatha dianbh vividh prakar ke hate haian. rochak bat yah hai ki ye dianbh rahan-sahan ke anuroop sanparivartit hote haian. ediphega [29]upavarg mean tatha kuchh palifaga[30]mean dianbh avikasit kaianpodaee[31] roopi hote haian, arthath ye jantubhakshi, lanbi taangoan, majaboot mukhaangoanvale tatha kuchh chipate hote haian. kukuj aauyadiya[32] ke dianbh kaianpodaee roopi tatha eroosifarm [33] ke bich ke hote haian, arthath unamean audariy taangean dikhaee p dati haian. karakuliyonayadiya mean apad (aipodas) arthath bina taangoan ke dianbh hote haian. spasht hai ki kaianpodaee roopi dianbh bahut gatishil hote haian, parivartit kaianpodaee roopi kam kriyashil tatha padarahit dianbh gativihin hote haian. kath mean surang bananevale dianbh bahut sadharanat: maansal hote haian, inake mukhaang majaboot hote haian aur shir vaksh mean dhansa rahata hai. jaliy vanshoan ke dianbhoan ki taangean tairane ke nimitt sanparivartit hoti hai. kuchh vanshoan mean, jaise miloidi[34], raipiforidi[35]tatha maikromalthidi[36] mean atiroopaantaran [37] paya jata hai. inamean dianbh ki vibhinn avasthaean alag-alag roopoan ki hoti haian.[8]
vargikaran
itani vividhata ke karan kanchukapakshoan ka vargikaran vishesh jatil hai aur yahaan usaki bahut sankshipt rooparekha matr hi di ja sakati hai. krosan [38] dvara sanh 1955 mean die ge adhunik vargikaran ke anusar is gan ko char upaganoan mean baanta jata hai-arkostemata [39], edifega[40], miksofega [41], tatha p aaulifega [42]. arkostemata mean keval do vansh aur lagabhag 20 jatiyaan haian : vansh kyoopedaidi [43] ki jatiyaan keval jivashm roop mean paee jati haian aur maikromailthidi mean jivit jatiyaan haian. yah upagan ati avikasit hai. edifega upagan kuchh lakshanoan mean avikisit tatha kuchh lakshanoan mean vishisht hai. kuchh sadasyoan ko chho d sabhi jantubhakshi hote haian. is upagan mean 10 vansh rakhe ge haian-raisodaidi [44], pasidi [45], kairabidi [46], traikipaikidi [47], hailiplaidi[48], aianfijoidi[49], haigrobaidi[50], noteridi [51], daitiskidi[52] tatha gairinidi[53]. inamean se kairabidi praroopik vansh hai aur isake sadasy sansar vyapi haian; tatha daitiskidi ke sadasy vastavik jaliy pravritti ke haian. miskofega upagan mean adhikaansh sandehajanak sthiti ki jatiyaan haian jinako char chhote vanshoan mean rakha jata hai-lepiseridi[54], haidroskaifidi [55], sfiraidi[56] tatha kailiptomeridi[57]. palifega mean adhikaansh bitloan ki jatiyaan ati haian jinaki vividh sanrachana tatha rahan-sahan ke karan unaka vargikaran bahut kathin samajha jata hai. krosan is upagan ko 19 vanshasamoohoan mean baantate haian jinake aantargat rakhe janevale vanshoan ki kul sankhya 141 hai. in vanshoan ka nam to yahaan dena sanbhav nahian hai, kiantu vanshasamooh is prakar haian. haidrofil aauyadiya [58] jisake aantargat adhikatar jaliy prakriti ki jatiyaan haian. inamean paanch vansh mane ge haian; histrar aauyadiya, [59], jisamean tin vansh haian; staifilinodiya [60] jisamean 10 vansh rakhe jate haian; skairabayadiya[61], jisamean chhah vansh haian; daiskilif aaurmiya[62], jisamean char vansh haian; birayadiya [63], jisamean keval ek hi vansh hai; drayopayadiya, jisamean ath vansh rakhe ge haian; byupesterayadiya[64] jisamean ek hi vansh hai; ripeserayadiya [65], jisamean do vansh haian; ileterayadiya [66], jisamean chhah vansh haian; kaitherayadiya [67], jisamean nau vansh haian; bostrikadiya[68], jisamean char vansh haian; daramestayadiya[69] jisamean paanch vansh haian; klerayadiya[70], jisamean paanch vansh hai; laimeksilayadiya [71], jisamean ek hi vansh hai; kukujayadiya[72], jo sabase b da 57 vanshoan vala upasamooh hai; kraisomelayadiya[73], jisamean keval do se adhik vansh haian; karakuliyonayadiya[74], jisamean nau vansh haian tatha stailopayadiya [75], jisamean do vansh rakhe jate haian.[8]
kanchukapaksh gan ke kito ka hamare lie arthik mahatv bahut haian. isake aantargat anaj, tarakariyoan, phaloan adi ka vinash karane vali vividh jatiyaan, chaval, ata, gudam mean rakhi dal, gehooan, chaval adi mean lagane vale ghun, sooan di ityadi, oon cham de adi ki 'ki di' tatha kath mean chhed karane vale dhun haian.
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ Coleoptera
- ↑ Insecta
- ↑ Order
- ↑ Elitra
- ↑ Prothoreks
- ↑ Poleepods
- ↑ Elitra
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 kanchukapaksh (hindi) bharatakhoj. abhigaman tithi: 12 sitambar, 2015.
- ↑ Scarabaeidae
- ↑ Dynastes hercules
- ↑ Cerambycidaee
- ↑ Maerodontia Cervicornis
- ↑ mandibles
- ↑ Maksili
- ↑ Lebim
- ↑ Supplementum
- ↑ Pronotmpronotm
- ↑ Pluran
- ↑ Venation
- ↑ Ovipositors
- ↑ 1900
- ↑ Ocypus)
- ↑ Meloidae
- ↑ Hydrophilidae
- ↑ Cassidinae
- ↑ Coccinellidae
- ↑ Curculionidae
- ↑ Scolytinae
- ↑ Adephaga
- ↑ Polyphaga
- ↑ Campoda
- ↑ Cucujoidea
- ↑ Eruciform
- ↑ Meloidae
- ↑ Rhipiphoridae
- ↑ Micromalthidae
- ↑ haiparametam aaurfosis, hypermetamorphosis
- ↑ Crowson
- ↑ Archostemata
- ↑ Adephaga
- ↑ Myxophaga
- ↑ Polyphage
- ↑ Cupedidae
- ↑ Rhisodidae
- ↑ Paussidae
- ↑ Carabidae
- ↑ Trachypachidae
- ↑ Haliplidae
- ↑ Amphizoidae
- ↑ Hygrobiidae
- ↑ Noteridae
- ↑ Dytiscidae
- ↑ Gyrinidae
- ↑ Lepiceridae
- ↑ Hydroscaphidae
- ↑ Sphaerijdae
- ↑ Calyptomeridae
- ↑ Hydrophiloidea
- ↑ Hysteroidea
- ↑ Staphylinodea
- ↑ Scaraboidea
- ↑ Dascilliformia
- ↑ Byrrhojdea
- ↑ Bupesteroidea
- ↑ Rhipiceroidea
- ↑ Elateroidea
- ↑ Cantheroidea
- ↑ Bostrychoid a
- ↑ Dermestoidea
- ↑ Cleroidea
- ↑ Lymexyloidea
- ↑ Cucujoidea
- ↑ Crysomeloidea
- ↑ Curculoinoidea
- ↑ Stylopoidea
sanbandhit lekh