चंद्रगुप्त मौर्य

pratiksha|left is panne par sampadan ka kary chal raha hai. kripaya pratiksha karean yadi 10 din ho chuke hoan to yah 'soochana saancha' hata dean ya dobara lagaean. soochana saancha lagane ka samay → 20:23, 18 aktoobar 2011 (IST)

chandragupt maury
|200px|center
poora nam	chakravarti samrat chandr gupt maury
janm	340 ee. poo.
janm bhoomi	magadh, bharat
mrityu tithi	298 ee poo (42 varsh mean)
mrityu sthan	shravanabelagola, karnatak
pita/mata	"mura ya mora" (mata)
santan	bindusar
upadhi	samrat
rajy sima	sampoorn bharat (lagabhag)
shasan kal	322 se 298 ee. poo.
sha. avadhi	24 varsh (lagabhag)
rajyabhishek	322 ee.poo.
dharmik manyata	vaidik aur jain
prasiddhi	bharat ka pratham 'aitihasik samrat'
rajadhani	pataliputr
poorvadhikari	dhananand
vansh	maury vansh
sanbandhit lekh	chanaky . ashok
'chandragupt' (sॅndrokiptॅsh) yoonani uchcharan	thumb|sॅndrokiptॅsh

chakravarti samrat chandr gupt maury (shasanakal: 322 se 298 ee. poo.tak) ki ganana bharat ke mahanatam shasakoan mean ki jati hai. usaki mahanata ki soochak anek upadhiyaan haian aur usaki mahanata kee batoan mean advitiy bhi hai. vah bharat ke pratham ‘aitihasik’ samrat ke roop mean hamare samane ata hai, is arth mean ki vah bharatiy itihas ka pahala samrat hai jisaki aitihasikata pramanit kalakram ke thos adhar par siddh ki ja sakati hai.

mauryavansh ka sansthapak. usake mata-pita ke nam thik-thik jnat nahian haian. puranoan ke anusar vah magadh ke raja nand ka upaputr tha, jisaka janm mura namak shoodra dasi se hua tha. bauddh aur jain sootroan se pata chalata hai. ki chandragupt maury ka janm pippalivan ke moriy kshatriy kul mean hua tha. jo bhi ho chandragupt praranbh se hi bahut sahasi vyakti tha.

apane samay ka sabase pratapi samrat chandragupt maury 325 ee. poo. mean gaddi par baitha. kuchh log ise mura nam ki shoodr stri ke garbh se utpann nand samrat ki santan batate haian par bauddh aur jain sahity ke anusar yah maury (moriy) kul mean janma tha aur nand rajaoan ka mahattvakaankshi senapati tha. chandragupt ke vansh aur jati ke sambandh mean vidvan ekamat nahian haian. kuchh vidvanoan ne brahman granthoan, mudrarakshas, vishnupuran ki madhyakalin tika tatha 10vian shatabdi ki dhundiraj dvara rachit mudrarakshas ki tika ke adhar par chandragupt ko shoodr mana hai. chandragupt ke vansh ke sambandh mean brahman, bauddh evan jain paramparaoan v anushrutiyoan ke adhar par keval itana hi kaha ja sakata hai ki vah kisi kulin gharane se sambandhit nahian tha. videshi vrittaantoan evan ullekhoan se bhi sthiti kuchh aspasht hi bani rahati hai.

arambhik jivan

chandragupt ke prarambhik jivan ke bare mean janakari hamean bauddh kathaoan se prapt hoti hai. in kathaoan ka srot mukhyat: do rachanaoan mean milata hai, jinaka ullekh ham oopar kar chuke haian : (1)mahavans tika, jise vansatthappakasini bhi kahate haian (jisaki rachana lagabhag 10vian shatabdi eesavi ke madhy huee thi) aur (2) mahabodhivans, jisake rachayita upatiss haian (lagabhag 10vian shatabdi eesavi ke uttararddh mean). in donoan hi granthoan ka adhar, sihalatthakatha tatha uttaraviharatthakatha namak prachin granth haian. sihalatthakatha ke bare mean kaha jata hai ki usaki rachana ther mahiand (ashok ka putr) tatha unake sath magadh se ae hue any bhikshuoan ne ki thi, jinhean sangh ke pradhan ne dharmaprachar ke lie lanka bheja tha.

in vrittaantoan ke anusar chandragupt ka janm moriy namak kshatriy jati mean hua tha jinaka shakyoan ke sath sambandh tha. apani janmabhoomi chho dakar chali ane vali moriy jati ka mukhiya chandragupt ka pita tha. durbhagyavash vah simaant par ek jhag de mean mara gaya aur usaka parivar anath rah gaya. usaki abala vidhava apane bhaiyoan ke sath bhagakar pushyapur (=kusumapur =pataliputr) namak nagar mean pahuanchi, jahaan usane chandragupt ko janm diya. suraksha ke vichar se is anath balak ko usake mamaoan ne ek goshala mean chho d diya, jahaan ek g darie ne apane putr ki tarah usaka lalan-palan kiya aur jab vah b da hua to use ek shikari ke hath bech diya, jisane use gay-bhaians charane ke kam par laga diya. kaha jata hai ki ek sadharan gramin balak chandragupt ne rajakilam namak ek khel ka avishkar karake janmajat neta hone ka parichay diya. is khel mean vah raja banata tha aur apane sathiyoan ko apana anuchar banata tha. vah rajasabha bhi ayojit karata tha jisamean baithakar vah nyay karata tha. gaanv ke bachchoan ki ek aisi hi rajasabha mean chanaky ne pahali bar chandragupt ko dekha tha.

chandragupt aur chanaky ki bheant

chanaky ne apani divyadrishti se turant is gramin anath balak mean rajatv ki pratibha tatha chihn dekhe aur vahian par 1,000 karshapan dekar use usake palak-pita se kharid liya. us samay chandragupt ath ya nau varsh ka balak raha hoga. chanaky jise takshashila namak nagar ka nivasi (takkasilanagar-vasi) bataya gaya hai, balak ko lekar apane nagar lauta aur 7 ya 8 varsh tak us prakhyat vidyapith mean use shiksha dilaee, jahaan jatakakathaoan ke anusar, us samay ki samast ‘vidhaean tatha kalaean’ sikhaee jati thian. vahaan chanaky ne use apravidhik vishayoan aur vyavaharik tatha pravidhik kalaoan ki bhi sarvaangin shiksha dilaee.

pali srotoan se prapt chandragupt ke prarambhik jivan ke is vivaran se jastin ke is kathan ki bhi pushti hoti hai ki usaka janm ek mamooli gharane mean hua tha.

magadh ke raja jati-niyamoan ko vaise hi vishesh mahattv nahian dete the; maury to adivasi mool athava mishrit vansh ke the, yadyapi unaka aryikaran ho chuka tha. maury (pali: moriy) nam mor totem ka soochak hai, yah vaidik-ary nam nahian ho sakata.

jo bhi ho chandragupt praranbh se hi bahut sahasi vyakti tha. jab vah kishor hi tha, usane panjab mean p dav dale hue yavan (yoonani) vijeta sikandar se bheant ki. usane apani spashtavadita se sikandar ko naraz kar diya. sikandar ne use bandi bana lene ka adesh diya, lekin vah apane shaury ka pradarshan karata hua sikandar ke shikanje se bhag nikala aur kaha jata hai. ki isake bad hi usaki bheant takshashila ke ek achary chanaky ya kautily-se huee.

chandragupt ki shiksha

jatakakathaoan se hamean pata chalata hai ki us samay ke raja apane rajakumaroan ko vidyoparjan ke lie takshashila bheja karate the, jahaan vishv-vikhyat adhyapak the. in kathaoan mean ham padhate haian : "sare bharat se kshatriyoan tatha brahmanoan ke putr in adhyapakoan se vibhinn kalaean sikhane ate the." takshashila prathamik shiksha ka hi nahian, balki uchch shiksha ka kendr bhi tha. is bat ka ullekh milata hai ki vahaan balakoan ko 16 varsh ki avastha mean arthath ‘kishoravastha mean pravesh karane par’ bharati kiya jata tha. isase b di avastha ke chhatr athava grihasth log bhi yahaan shiksha prapt karate the. ve apane rahane adi ka prabandh svany karate the. hamean takshashila ke ek aise adhyapak ka bhi ullekh milata hai, jisaki pathashala mean keval rajakumar hi padhate the, "us samay bharat mean in rajakumaroan ki sankhya 101 thi." vahian jin vishayoan ki shiksha di jati thi, unamean tin vedoan tatha 18 ‘sippoan’ arthath shilpoan ka ullekh milata hai, jinamean dhanurvidya (issatth-sipp), akhet tatha hathiyoan se sambandhit jnan (hatthisutt) ka ullekh kiya gaya hai, jinhean rajakumaroan ke lie upayukt samajha jata tha. siddhant tatha vyavahar donoan hi ki shiksha di jati thi.

takshashila apani vidhishastr, chikitsa vijnan tatha sainyavidya ki alag-alag pathashalaoan ke lie prakhyat tha. takshashila ki sainik akadami ka bhi ullekh milata hai, jisamean 103 rajakumar shiksha pate the. ek jagah par yah vivaran milata hai ki kis prakar ek shishy ko sainyavidya ki shiksha samapt kar lene ke bad usake guru ne pramanapatr ke roop mean svany apani "talavar, ek dhanush aur ban, ek kavach tatha ek hira" diya aur usase kaha ki vah usake sthan par sainyavidya ki shiksha prapt karane vale 500 shishyoan ki pathashala ke pradhan ka pad grahan kare, kyoanki vah vriddh ho gaya hai aur avakash grahan karana chahata hai. chanaky apane alpavayask shishy ki shiksha ka isase achchha koee doosara prabandh nahian kar sakata tha ki use vidyoparjan ke lie takshashila mean bharati kara de.

dhananand dvara chanaky ka apaman

sikandar ke bharat akraman ke samay chandragupt maury ki usase panjab mean bheant huee thi. kisi karanavash rusht hokar sikandar ne chandragupt ko qaid kar lene ka adesh diya tha. par chandragupt usaki changul se nikal aya. isi samay isaka sanpark kautily ya chanaky se hua. chanaky nand rajaoan se rusht tha. usane nand rajaoan ko parajit karake apani mahattvakaanksha poorn karane mean chandragupt maury ki poori sahayata ki.

chandragupt ke vansh ke saman usake arambhik jivan ke punargathan ka bhi adhar kianvadantiyaan evan paramparaean hi adhik haian aur thos praman kam haian. is sambandh mean chanaky chandragupt katha ka saraansh ullekhaniy hai. jisake anusar nand vansh dvara apamanit kie jane par chanaky ne use samool nasht karane ka pran kiya.

jis samay chanaky pataliputr aya tha, us samay dhananand vahaan ka raja tha. vah apane dhan ke lobh ke lie badanam tha. vah ’80 karo d (koti) ki sampatti’ ka malik tha aur "khaloan, goand, vrikshoan tatha pattharoan tak par kar vasool" karata tha. tiraskar mean usaka nam dhananand rakh diya gaya tha, kyoanki vah ‘dhan ke bhandar bharane ka adi’ tha. kathasaritsagar mean nand ki ’99 karo d svarn mudraoan’ ka ullekh milata hai. kaha jata hai ki usane ganga nadi ki tali mean ek chattan khudavakar usamean apana sara khajana ga d diya tha. usaki dhan sampada ki khyati dakshin tak pahuanchi. tamil bhasha ki ek kavita mean usaki sampada ka ullekh is roop mean kiya gaya hai ki "pahale vah patali mean sanchit huee aur phir ganga ki badh mean chhip gee.". parantu chanaky ne use bilkul hi doosare roop mean dekha. ab vah dhan batorane ke bajae, use dan-puny mean vyay kar raha tha; yah kam danashala namak ek sanstha dvara sangathit kiya jata tha. jisaki vyavastha ka sanchalan ek sangh ke hathoan mean tha, jisaka adhyaksh koee brahman hota tha. niyam yah tha ki adhyaksh ek karo d mudraoan tak ka dan de sakata tha aur sangh ka sabase chhota sadasy ek lakh mudraoan tak ka. chanaky ko is sangh ka adhyaksh chuna gaya. parantu, honi ki bat, raja ko usaki kuroopata tatha usaka dhrisht svabhav achchha n laga aur usane use padachyut kar diya. is apaman par kruddh hokar chanaky ne raja ko shap diya, usake vansh ko nirmool kar dene ki dhamaki di aur ek nagn ajivik sadhu ke bhesh mean usake changul se bach nikala.

alakshendr (sikandar) ka hamala

bharat par sikandar ka akraman mee 327 ee.poo. se mee 324 ee.poo. tak raha. chandragupt sikandar ka samakalin tha aur svany sikandar se mila bhi tha. yah bat hamean plootark ki rachanaoan se maloom hoti hai jisane likha hai- ‘aiandrokottos (chandragupt) , jo us samay navayuvak hi tha, svany sikandar se mila tha.’ sikandar ne sabase pahale grik rajyoan ko jita aur phir vah eshiya mainar (adhunik turki) ki taraph badha. us kshetr par us samay faras ka shasan tha. farasi samrajy misr se lekar pashchimottar bharat tak phaila tha. faras ke shah dara tritiy ko usane tin alag-alag yuddhoan mean parajit kiya halaanki usaki tathakathit 'vishv-vijay' faras vijay se adhik nahian thi par use shah dara ke alava any sthaniy praantapaloan se bhi yuddh karana p da tha. misr, bॅktriya, tatha adhunik tazikistan mean sthaniy pratirodh ka samana karana p da tha. aisi manyata hai aur ullekh haian ki bharat par sikandar ke akraman ke samay chanaky takshashila mean pradhyapak tha. takshashila aur gandhar ke raja ambhi ne sikandar se samajhauta kar liya. chanaky ne bharat ki sanskriti ko videshiyoan se bachane ke lie sabhi rajaoan se agrah kiya kintu sikandar se l dane koee nahian aya. puru ne sikandar se yuddh kiya kintu har gaya.

tisari shatabdi ee.poo. mean jin yooropiy rajadootoan ko yoonani rajaoan ne bharat bheja tha, unamean se kuchh ne sikandar ke in sathiyoan ki rachanaoan mean poorak jo de haian.:

1. strabo : isaka jivanakal lagabhag 64 ee.poo. se 19 ee. tak tha. isane bhoogol ki ek atyant mahattvapoorn pustak likhi hai. is pustak ke 15vean bhag ka pratham adhyay bharat ke bare mean hai, isamean sikandar ke sathiyoan tatha megasthaniz ki rachanaoan se li gee samagri ke adhar par bharat ke bhoogol, usake nivasiyoan ke rahan-sahan tatha riti-rivajoan ka varnan kiya gaya hai.
2. diyodoras 36 ee.poo. tak jivit raha. isane megasthaniz ki rachanaoan ke adhar par bharat ka ek vrittaant likha.
3. plini jyeshth, jo necharal histri (prakriti vritt) namak vishad jnanakosh ka rachayita hai. usaki yah rachana lagabhag 75 ee. mean prakashit huee thi. isamean yoonani rachanaoan tatha vyapariyoan ke navinatam vivaranoan ke adhar par bharat ka vivaran diya gaya tha.
4. erriyan : isaka janm lagabhag 130 ee. mean hua tha. yah kam se kam 172 ee. tak jivit raha. isane sikandar ke abhiyanoan ka sabase achchha vrittaant (ainabesis) likha aur niarkas, megasthaniz tatha bhoogolavetta eratosthaniz (276-195 ee.poo.) ki rachanaoan ke adhar par bharat, usake bhoogol, vahaan ke rahan-sahan tatha riti-rivajoan ke bare mean ek chhoti-si pustak likhi hai.
5. plootark (lagabhag 45-125 ee.), jisaki laivs (jivaniyaan) namak rachana ke 57vean se 67vean adhyayoan tak sikandar ki jivani di gee hai. un adhyayoan mean bharat ka bhi vivaran milata hai.
6. jastin : yah doosari shatabdi eesavi mean hua tha. isane ek epitom (sarasangrah) ki rachana ki thi jisake 12vean khand mean bharat mean sikandar ke vijay-abhiyanoan ka vivaran diya gaya hai.

lekhakoan ke vrittaant

maury samrat chandragupt ko nand vansh ke unmoolan tatha panjab-siandh mean videshi shasan ka aant karane ka hi shrey nahian hai varan usane bharat ke adhikaansh bhag par apana adhipaty sthapit kiya.

• plootark ne likha hai ki chandragupt ne 6 lakh sena lekar samooche bharat par apana adhipaty sthapit kiya.
• jastin ke anusar sara bharat usake qabze mean tha.
• mahavansh mean kaha gaya hai ki kautily ne chandragupt ko janboodvip ka samrat banaya.
• plini ne, jisaka vrittant maigasthaniz ki iandika par adharit hai, likha hai ki magadh ki sima siandhu nadi hai. pashchim mean saurashtr chandragupt ke adhikar mean tha. isaki pushti shak mahakshatrap rudradaman ke joonagadh abhilekh se hoti hai.

abhilekh

• maisoor se prapt kuchh shilalekhoan ke anusar uttari maisoor mean chandragupt ka shasan tha.
• ek abhilekh mila hai jisake anusar shikapur talluke ke nagarakhand ki raksha mauryoan ki zimmedari thi. yah ullekh 14vian shatabdi ka hai.
• ashok ke shilalekhoan se bhi spasht hai ki maisoor maury samrajy ka mahattvapoorn aang tha.
• plootark, jastin, tamil granthoan tatha maisoor ke abhilekhoan ke sammilit pramanoan se spasht hai ki pratham maury samrat ne vidhy par ke kafi bharatiy hissoan ko apane samrajy mean mila liya tha.

rajanitik paristhitiyaan

thumb|200px|chandragupt maury ka sabha grih
The court of Chandragupta Maurya jis samay chandragupt maury samrajy ke nirman mean tatpar tha, sikandar ka senapati selyookas apani mahanata ki nianv dal raha tha. sikandar ki mrityu ke bad usake senaniyoan mean yoonani samrajy ki satta ke lie sangharsh hua, jisake parinamasvaroop selyookas, pashchim eshiya mean prabhutv ke mamale mean, aintigonas ka pratidvandvi bana. ee. poo. 312 mean usane bebilon par apana adhikar sthapit kiya. isake bad usane eeran ke vibhinn rajyoan ko jitakar baiktriya par adhikar kiya. apane poorvi abhiyan ke dauran vah bharat ki or badha. ee. poo. 305-4 mean kabul ke marg se hote hue vah siandhu nadi ki or badha. usane siandhu nadi par ki aur chandragupt ki sena se usaka samana hua. selyookas panjab aur siandhu par apana prabhutv punah sthapit karane ke uddeshy se aya tha. kintu is samay ki rajanitik sthiti sikandar ke akraman ke samay se kafi bhinn thi. yoonani lekhak stravo ke anusar, chandragupt maury ke samay mean agronomoee namak adhikari nadiyoan ki dekhabhal, bhoomi ki napajokh, jalashayoan ka nirikshan aur naharoan ki dekhabhal karate the, taki sabhi logoan ko pani thik se mil sake.

panjab aur siandhu ab paraspar yuddh karane vale chhote-chhote rajyoan mean vibhikt nahian the, balki ek samrajy ka aang the. ashchary ki bat hai ki yoonani tatha romi lekhak, selyookas aur chandragupt ke bich hue yuddh ka koee vistrit byaura nahian dete.

• keval eppiyanas ne likha hai ki "selyookas ne siandhu nadi par ki aur bharat ke samrat chandragupt se yuddh chhe da. aant mean unamean sandhi ho gee aur vaivahik sambandh sthapit ho gaya."
• jastin ke anusar chandragupt se sandhi karake aur apane poorvi rajy ko shant karake selyookas entigonas se yuddh karane chala gaya. eppiyanas ke kathan se spasht hai ki selyookas chandragupt ke viruddh saphalata prapt nahian kar saka. apane poorvi rajy ki suraksha ke lie selyookas ne chandragupt se sandhi karana hi uchit samajha aur us sandhi ko usane vaivahik sambandh se aur adhik pusht kar liya.

vivah

• straibo ka kathan hai ki selyookas ne airiyana ke pradesh, chandragupt ko vivah-sambandh ke phalasvaroop die. isase yah nishkarsh nikalata hai ki yoonani rajakumari maury samrat ko byahi gee aur ye pradesh dahej ke roop mean die ge. itihasakaroan ka amataur par yah mat hai ki selyookas ne chandragupt ko char prant -

1. eriya arthat kabul,
2. arakosiya arthat kandhar,
3. jedrosiya arthat makaran aur
4. paripemisadaee arthat herat pradesh dahej mean die.

• ashok ke lekhoan se siddh hota hai ki kabul ki ghati maury samrajy ke aantargat thi. in abhilekhoan ke anusar yon, yavan gaandhar bhi maury samrajy ke aantargat the.
• plootark ke anusar chandragupt ne selyookas ko 500 hathi upahar mean die. sambhavatah is sandhi ke parinamasvaroop hi hindukush maury samrajy aur selyookas ke rajy ke bich ki sima ban gaya. 2,000 se adhik varsh poorv bharat ke pratham samrat ne us prakritik sima ko prapt kiya jisake lie aangrez tarasate rahe aur jise mugal samrat bhi poori tarah prapt karane mean asamarth rahe. vaivahik sambandh se maury samratoan aur selyookas vansh ke rajaoan ke bich maitripoorn sambandh ka sootrapat hua. selyookas ne apane rajadoot megasthaniz ko chandragupt ke darabar mean bheja. ye maitri sambandh donoan ke uttaradhikariyoan ke bich bhi bane rahe.

yogy shasak

chandragupt ek kushal yoddha, senanayak tatha mahan vijeta hi nahian tha, varan ek yogy shasak bhi tha. itane b de samrajy ki shasan - vyavastha koee saral kary nahian tha. atah apane mukhyamantri kautily ki sahayata se usane ek aisi shasan - vyavastha ka nirman kiya jo us samay ke anukool thi. yah shasan vyavastha ek had tak magadh ke poorvagami shasakoan dvara vikasit shasanatantr par adharit thi kintu isaka adhik shrey chandragupt aur kautily ki srijanatmak kshamata ko hi diya jana chahie. kautily ne likha hai ki us samay shasan tantr par jo bhi granth upalabdh the aur bhinn-bhinn rajyoan mean shasan - pranaliyaan prachalit thian un sabaka bhali-bhaanti adhyayan karane ke bad usane apana prasiddh granth "arthashastr" likha. vidvanoan ka vichar hai ki maury shasan vyavastha par tatkalin yoonani tatha akhamini shasan pranali ka bhi kuchh prabhav p da. chandragupt ne aisi shasan vyavastha sthapit ki jise paravarti bharatiy shasakoan ne bhi apanaya. *is shasan ki mukhy visheshataean thian -

1. satta ka atyadhik kendrikaran,
2. vikasit adhikarik tantr,
3. uchit nyay vyavastha,
4. nagar-shasan, krishi, shilp udyog, sanchar, vanijy evan vyapar ki vriddhi ke lie rajy ke dvara anek karagar upay.

chandragupt ke shasan prabandh ka uddeshy lokahit tha. jahaan ek or arthik vikas evan rajy ki samriddhi ke anek thos qadam uthae ge aur shilpiyoan evan vyapariyoan ke jan - mal ki suraksha ki gee, vahian doosari or janata ko unaki anuchit tatha shoshanatmak kary-vidhiyoan se bachane ke lie kathor niyam bhi banae ge. dasoan aur karmakaroan ko malikoan ke atyachar se bachane ke lie vistrit niyam the. anath, daridr, mrit sainikoan tatha rajakarmachariyoan ke parivaroan ke bharan - poshan ka bhar rajy ke oopar tha. tatkalin mapadand ke anusar chandragupt ka shasan - prabandh ek kalyanakari rajy ki dharana ko charitarth karata hai. yah shasan nirakuansh tha, dand vyavastha kathor thi aur vyakti ki svatantrata ka sarvatha abhav tha, kintu yah sab navazat samrajy ki suraksha tatha praja ke hitoan ko dhyan mean rakhakar kiya gaya tha. chandragupt ki shasan vyavastha ka charam lakshy arthashastr ke nimn uddharan se vyakt hota hai—

"praja ke sukh mean hi raja ka sukh hai aur praja ki bhalaee mean usaki bhalaee. raja ko jo achchha lage vah hitakar nahian hai, varan hitakar vah hai jo praja ko achchha lage."

uparyukt uddharan se spasht hai ki kautily ne raja ke samaksh prajahitaishi raja ka adarsh rakha.

dharmik ruchi

chandragupt dharm mean bhi ruchi rakhata tha. yoonani lekhakoan ke anusar jin char avasaroan par raja mahal se bahar jata tha, unamean ek tha yajn karana. kautily usaka purohit tatha mukhyamantri tha. hemachandr ne bhi likha hai ki vah brahmanoan ka adar karata hai.

jainiyoan ka dava hai ki chandragupt ne apane jivan ke aantim samay mean jain mat svikar kar liya tha aur apane putr ko rajy dekar sannyasi ho gaya tha. ek jain muni aur anek any sadhuoan ke sath vah dakshin bharat gaya, jahaan usane jain dharm ki paranparagat riti se dhire-dhire anahar dvara apane jivan ka aant kar liya.

megasthaniz ne likha hai ki chandragupt van mean rahane vale tapasviyoan se paramarsh karata tha aur unhean devataoan ki pooja ke lie niyukt karata tha. varsh mean ek bar vidvanoan (brahmanoan) ki sabha bulaee jati thi taki ve janahit ke lie uchit paramarsh de sakean. darshanikoan se sampark rakhana chandragupt ki jijnasu pravritti ka soochak hai. jain anuyayiyoan ke anusar jivan ke antim charan mean chandragupt ne jain dharm svikar kar liya. kaha jata hai ki jab magadh mean 12 varsh ka durbhiksh p da to chandragupt rajy tyagakar jain achary bhadrabahu ke sath shravan belgola (maisoor ke nikat) chala gaya aur ek sachche jain bhikshu ki bhaanti usane nirahar samadhisth hokar pranatyag kiya (arthat kevaly prapt kiya). 900 ee. ke bad ke anek abhilekh bhadrabahu aur chandragupt ka ek sath ullekh karate haian.

sikandar ki mrityu ke bad usaki senapati selyookas yoonani samrajy ka shasak bana aur usane chandragupt maury par akraman kar diya. par use muanh ki khani p di. kabul, herat, kandhar, aur baloochistan ke pradesh dene ke sath-sath vah apani putri helana ka vivah chandragupt se karane ke lie badhy hua. is parajay ke bad agale sau varsho tak yoonaniyoan ko bharat ki or muanh karane ka sahas nahian hua. chandragupt maury ka shasan-prabandh b da vyavasthit tha. isaka parichay yoonani rajadoot megasthaniz ke vivaran aur kautily ke 'arthashastr' se milata hai. lagabhag-300 ee. poo. mean chandragupt ne apane putr biandusar ko gaddi sauanp di.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh