देवता

koee bhi paralaukik shakti ka patr, jo amar aur paraprakritik hai aur isaliye poojaniy hai, use hi 'devata' ya 'dev' kaha jata hai. hindoo dharm mean devataoan ko ya to parameshvar (brahm) ka laukik roop ya phir unhean eeshvar ka sagun roop mana jata hai.

'dev' shabd mean 'talh' pratyay lagakar 'devata' shabd ki vyutpatti hoti hai. at: donoan mean arth-samy hai. nirooktakar ne isaki vyakhya karate hue kaha, 'jo kuchh deta hai vahi devata hai arthath dev svayan dyutiman haian- shaktisanpann haian- kiantu apane gun ve svayan apane mean samahit kiye rahate haian jabaki devata apani shakti, dyuti adi sanpark mean aye vyaktiyoan ko bhi pradan karate haian. devata devoan se adhik virat haian kyoanki unaki pravritti apani shakti, dyuti, gun adi ka vitaran karane ki hoti hai. jab koee dev doosare ko apana sahabhagi bana leta hai, vah devata kahalane lagata hai.

• panini donoan shabdoan ko paryayavachi manate haian:

devo danadva dipanadva dyotanadva dyusthano bhavatiti va.
yo dev: sa devata iti. jab dev ved-mantr ka vishay ban jata hai, tab vah devata kahalane lagata hai jisase kisi shakti athava padarth ko prapt karane ki prarthana ki jay aur vah ji kholakar dena aanrabh kare, tab vah devata kahalata hai. vedamantr vishesh mean, jisake prati yachana hai, us mantr ka vahi devata mana jata hai

• yajurved ke anusar mukhy devataoan ki sankhya barah haian.
  

agnidevata vato devata sooryo devata chandrama devata
vasavo devata, rudra devata, aditya devata maruto devata.
vishvedeva devata brihaspatirdaivatendro devata varunoan devata.

1. agni- svayan agrasar hota hai, doosaroan ko bhi karata hai.
2. soory- utpadan karane vala tatha utpadan hetu sabako prerit karane vala.
3. chandr- ahladamay- doosaroan mean ahlad ka vitaran karane vala.
4. vat- gatimay- doosaroan ko gati pradan karane vala.
5. vasav- svayan sthirata se rahata hai- doosari ko avas pradan karata hai.
6. rudr- upadesh, sukh, karmanusar dand dekar roola deta hai, svayan vaisi hi paristhiti mean vichalit nahian hota.
7. adity- prakritik avayavoan ko grahan tatha vitaran karane mean samarth.
8. maroot- priy ke nimitt atmotsarg ke lie tatpar tatha vaise hi mitroan se ghira hua.
9. vishvadev- danashil tatha prakashit karane vala.
10. indr- aishvaryashali devataoan ka adhipati.
11. brihaspati- virat vicharoan ka adhipati tatha vitarak.
12. varun- shubh tatha saty ko grahan kar asaty ashubh ko tyag karane vala tatha doosare logoan se bhi vaisa hi vyavahar karavane vala.

• shruti, anushruti, puran adi granthoan ke parayan se spasht hai ki moolat: devatray ki kalpana sarvadhik many rahi hai. ve brahma, vishnu, mahesh nam se vikhyat haian.
• brahma srishti ka nirman karate haian,
• vishnu palan tatha
• shiv sanhar karate haian. tinoan devataoan ke sath shaktiroopa nari ka aankan bhi milata hai. parashakti ne brahma, vishnu, mahesh ko kramash: sarasvati, lakshmi tatha gauri pradan kian tabhi ve srishti-kary-nirvah mean samarth hue. jab halahal namak daityoan ne trailoky ko gher liya tha, vishnu aur mahesh ne yuddh mean apani shaktiyoan se unaka hanan kiya tha. vijay ke uparaant adidevatray atmastuti karane lage to unaka mithyabhiman nasht karane ke lie unaki shaktiyaan aantardhan ho gayian, phalat: ve vikshipt ho, kary karane mean asamarth ho gaye. manu tatha sanakadi ke tap se prasann hokar parashakti ne unhean svasthy tatha shaktiroopa lakshmi tatha gauri pun: pradan ki unake jivan phalak par drishti dalana param avashyak jan p data hai.

devataoan ke svaroopatmak pratik

• saanskritik drishti se pray: har desh ke many devataoan ka svaroop pratikatmak hota hai- is or dhyan dean to jan p data hai ki 'devata' ki sthiti manushy aur paramatma ke madhyavarti haian. manushy sangharshamay jivan se joojhate hue nirasha ke kshanoan mean jab kisi ka anapekshit sahara prapt karata hai tab apane kary ki siddhi ke lie use devata athava avatar manane lagata hai. aise sahayog use jivan ke har mo d par milate haian aur dhire-dhire desh ki sanskriti mean anek devataoan ki pratishtha ho jati hai. devataoan ka kary-kshetr ek-doosare se alag manate hue bhaktagan unake svaroop mean alag-alag prakar ki shakti tatha gunoan ki sthiti ke darshan karate haian jo pratyek devata ke svaroop ke pratikoan ko doosare devataoan se alag roop pradan karate haian. is prakar unake svaroop bhinn-bhinn prakar ki shakti, svabhav, kary-kshetr ke lie roodh ho jate haian. vichitr bat to yah hai ki pratyek devata ka vahan tak doosare devata se bhinn hai tatha vahan bhi kisi-n-kisi bhavana ka pratik banakar prakat hota hai.

ganesh

ganesh sabaki badhaoan ko harane vale devata mane gaye haian. unaka svaroop adbhut hai. hathi ka mukh, chhoti-chhoti aankheanan, sooan d aur b de-b de kanoan se yukt hone ke karan hi ve gajanan mana jata hai. isi se donoan ke svaroop mean samanata hai.

• chau da mastak ganesh ki buddhimatta ka pratik hai.
• hathi ke saman b de-b de kan is bat ki or sanket karate haian ki ganesh chhoti se chhoti pukar ko, jara-si ahat ko sunane-samajhane mean samarth haian.
• hathi ki aankheanan bahut door tak dekh sakati hai, so ganesh bhi dooradarshi haian.
• hathi ki sooand ki yah visheshata prasiddh hai ki jis sahajata se vah b di-b di chizean ukha dati hai, utani hi saralata se vah suee uthane mean samarth rahati hai. sadharanat: ek sashakt pahalavan chhoti vastu ko uthane ki sookshmakarmi vritti se vanchit ho jata haian. sooan d-lanbi nak-buddhi ka pratik hai. sath hi vah 'nad brahm' ka pratik bhi hai.
• ganesh ki char baanhean unaki charoan dishaoan ki pahuanch ki or sanket karati haian.
• deh ka dahina bhag buddhi tatha aham se yukt rahata hai
• jabaki bayian or hridayapaksh ki sthiti mani gayi hai.
• ganesh ke dahine oopar ke hath ka aankush is bat ka pratik hai ki ve saansarik vighnoan ka nash karane vale devata hai.
• dahini or ka doosara hath sabako ashirvad deta dikhayi p data hai.
• bayian or ek hath mean rassi hai jo ki prem (rag) ka pash hai jisamean bandhakar ganesh bhaktoan ko siddhi ke anand tak pahuancha dete haian.
• anand ka pratik modak (laddoo) hai jo ki unake doosare bayean hath mean rahata hai.
• rassi ko ichchha aur aankush ko jnan ka pratik bhi mana gaya hai.
• unaka b da pet is bat ka pratik hai ki ve sabake rahasy pacha lete haian unaki idhar-se-udhar bat karane ki pravritti nahian hai.
• unaka ek hi daant hai. vahi hathi ke daant jaisa daant samast vighn-badhaoan ko nasht karane mean samarth hai. mukh mean ek hi daant ka rah jane ka karan is prakar vikhyat hai: ek bar shiv-parvati kandara mean so rahe the. ganesh dvar-raksha ka kary kar rahe the. parashuram shiv se milane vahaan pahuanche. ganesh ke mana karane par unhoanne prahar kar unaka ek daant to d diya; kiantu ve gufa mean phir bhi nahian ja paye. ganesh prahar ka uttar dena anuchit samajhate the kyoanki prahar karane vale vriddh brahman the. yah is tathy ka pratik hai ki ve siddhaant aur karttavy ki siddhi ke lie har prakar ka kasht uthane ke lie taiyar rahate haian.
• unaka shvet varn sattvik bhav ka pratik hai.

isi prakar any sabhi devataoan ki svaroopagat pratikatmakata mithak sahity ki abhootapoorv nidhi hai. un sabaka savistar varnan yahaan sanbhav nahian hai.

brahma

bahut sankshep mean kaha ja sakata hai ki brahma ke charoan sir char vedoan ke udbhav sthal haian to paanchavaan gadhe ka sir unhoanne matr jhooth bolane ke lie dharan kiya tha. is prakar mote taur par unaka svaroop jagat janak ka pratik bhi hai aur anaitikata ka aansh bhi abhivyakt karata hai.

vishnu

shesh shayya (amit kal) par asin vishnu ki char baanhean dharm, arth, kam aur mokshasvaroop haian. unake svaroop ki vistrit vyakhya n karean to bhi dharm, arth, kam aur moksh mean samast saansarikata vyapt hai. vishnu in hathoan se is saansarikata ka palan karate haian.

shiv

shiv ka kary dhvans karana hai. unake svaroop mean sarp, tritiy netr, kanth mean sthit vish, trishool tatha dhvansatmak nrity, taandav, ki mudra isi or sanket karate haian.

lakshmi

• lakshmi ka svaroop aishvary ki or iangit karata hai to
• vina aur pustakadharini sarasvati kala aur vidya ki devi haian.
• durga raksha karati haian to
• mahakali naramuand ki mala pahane kal ki pratik haian. mithak kathaoan mean devata aur deviyoan ki kriyakalapagat pratikatmakata bhi vicharaniy hai.
• brahma srishti ko janm dene vale devata haian-
• unake sath unaki shakti ke roop mean putri sarasvati rahati haian. sarasvati kala aur vidya ki devi haian jo srishti ke janm ke sath ju di huee vastuean haian.
• vishnu palan karane vale devata haian to
• unaki shakti lakshmi (dhan aur aishvary) palan mean sahayata pradan karati haian.
• shiv ke dhvansatmak roop ke sath
• mahakali ka dhvansatmak roop bana rahata hai. is prakar pratyek devata ka svaroop kisi-n-kisi bhav ke pratik roop mean darshaniy hai. devi-devataoan ki sankhya anant hai- svaroop aur gun bhi anant haian.

asuri shakti

mithak sahity mean hin pravrittiyoan ko prastut karane ke nimitt rakshas-charitroan ki yojana ki gayi hai. daiviy shakti manushy ki raksha aur palan karati hai to asuri shaktiyaan usake marg ki badha banati haian. ve shaktiyaan kam, krodh, lobh aur moh se prerit hin bhavanaoan ka pratinidhitv karati dikhayi gayi hai. rakshasoan ke svaroop bhay, kroorata, anaitikata aur danbh ke pratik haian. achchhaee aur buraee ka samavesh to sabhi mean rahata hai- chahe vah dev ho ya danav. aantar keval anupat ka hai- devataoan mean achchhaee adhik rahati he, rakshasoan mean buraee. rakshasoan mean sarvadhik prasiddh charit ravan ka hai. das siroan se yukt hone ke karan lankesh ravan dashanan nam se vikhyat hua. ravan ka jivan suandar dhang se praranbh hua. pita vishrava se usane char ved tatha chhah vedaangoan ki shiksha li. jitani nipunata ek vyakti ek mastak se ek jivan mean prapt karata hai., usase dasaguni nipunata dasoan granthoan mean ravan ko prapt thi; at: usake das sir usaki das guna buddhi aur jnan ke pratik haian. keval buddhi ka vikas vyaktitv ka adhoora vikas hota hai- vah hridayapaksh se achhoota hi rahane ke karan atmakeandrit ho jata hai. at: ravan ke das sar dasoan dishaoan mean phaile usake atank ke pratik bhi mane gaye haian. us atank ke mool mean atmasukh keandrit rakshasi vritti thi jo das roopoan mean vikasit huee:

1. sukh
2. sanpatti,
3. sut,
4. sainy,
5. sahay (prabhutv ke lie sangathan),
6. jay,
7. pratap,
8. shakti,
9. buddhi,
10. b daee- in sabake pratik dashamukhi ravan (dashanan) ke das sir the. ram ne usaki pratyek vritti ko ek-ek sir ke roop mean nasht kiya.

dashanan ne anek saphal tap kiye thean vah yog siddh tha. ravan ke svaroop mean yog siddhiyoan ka pratik usaki amrit kundi nabhi hai. nabhi sharir ka keandr mani jati hai. valmiki ramayan ka pratyek patr kisi-n-kisi bhav ka pratinidhitv kar raha hai. ramakatha sanbandhi pratikatmakata is prakar hai:

katha ke patr	pratik	katha ke patr	pratik
ram	shuddh brahmaansh (atma),(maya se asanprikt)	ravan	ahankar
		sumitra	shil
ayodhya	deh	janak	ved
dasharath	karm	janakapatni	upanishad
kaushalya	prarabdh	vaidehi (sita)	atm vidya
lakshman	yatitv	agni pariksha	jnanagni
bharat	sanyam	ahalya	j d vritti
shatrughn	niyam	gautam	sthirata
vishvamitr	tap	sugriv	vivek
yajn	ekagrata	hanuman	prem
marich	kapat	jamavant	vichar
subahu	krodh	aangad	dhairy
ta daka	kalah	nal-nil	sam-dam
mithila	satsang	bali	pramad
parashuram	chitt	sanpati	nishkam
kaikeyi	dvait bhav	meghanad	kam
mandodari	chatury	vasishth	vijnan
rakshasi sena	asuri vritti	sutikshn	dharana
vanar sena	daivi vritti	agasty	yog
van	vairagy	shoorpanakha	eershya
kharadooshan	lobh	kuanbhakarn	moh
jatayu	upakar	aangad ka paanv	dridhata
vibhishan	shuddhachar	narad	bhajananand

• d aau. manamohan sahagal ne harisianhakrit atmaramayan mean pratikatmakata ki khoj ki hai, unamean se kuchh tathy samast ram-sahity mean jyoan-ke-tyoan milate haian.

mithak sahity mean svabhav ki visheshataoan ke adhar par pashu-pakshiyoan ko bhi vibhinn vrittiyoan ka pratik mana gaya hai. udaharan ke lie kuchh pashu-pakshiyoan ka ullekh nimnalikhit hai:

hans

shvet varn ka nishkalank pakshi 'hans nir-kshir-viveki kahalata hai. usamean doodh aur pani alag karane ki kshamata hai arthath vah sar tattv grahan karake ni:sar vastu chho dane mean samarth hai. is drishti se usaka nam 'hans' bhi sarthak hai. adhyatmik drishti manushy ke ni:shvas mean 'han' aur shvas mean 's' dhvani sunayi p dati hai. manushy ka jivan kram hi 'hans' hai kyoanki usamean jnan ka arjan sanbhav hai. at: hans 'jnan' vivek, kala ko devi sarasvati ka vahan hai.

bail

shiv ka vahan nandi namak bail hai. bail ki visheshata shakti-sanpannata ke sath-sath karmathata mani gayi hai. un donoan tattvoan ka pratik nandi hai. aisi anek kathaean haian jo in gunoan par prakash dalati haian. ek bar nandi paharedar ka kam kar raha tha. shiv parvati ke sath vihar kar rahe the. bhrigu unake darshan karane aye- kiantu nandi ne unhean gufa ke aandar nahian jane diya. bhrigu ne shap diye, par nandi nirvikar roop se marg roke raha. aisi hi shiv-parvati ki ajna thi. ek bar ravan ne apane hath par kailas parvat utha liya tha. nandi ne kruddh hokar apane paanv se aisa dabav dala ki ravan ka hath hi dab gaya. jab tak usane shiv ki aradhana nahian ki tatha nandi se kshama nahian maangi, nandi ne use chho da hi nahian. shiv kalyanakari bhavoan ke pratik haian to nandi karmathata aur shakti ka. in donoan ke madhyam se hi kalyan ka phailav sanbhav hai.

nag

mithak sahity mean sarp anek tattvoan ka pratinidhitv karata hai. mani se susajjit hone ke karan vah dhan ka pratik hai. 'jahaan sarp kundali marakar baitha ho, vahaan prithvi mean dhan g da hai'- aisa mana jata hai. sarp ki tedhi-tirachhi chal use rajanitik nipunata ka pratik bhi bana deti hai- kiantu sarvadhik many roop 'kal' ke pratik mean milata hai. sarp ki gati jal, sthal, vayu sabhi sthanoan mean hai. u danevale sarp, prithvi mean bil banakar rahanevale sarp tatha jal mean nivas karanevale nag is bat ke pratik haian ki 'kal' sarvavyapi hai. jagath ki utpatti se poorv keval jal mean nag shesh tha- isi se sheshanag kaha gaya. usaki kundali ki shayya par vishnu ne nivas kiya tatha usake ek sahastr phan vishnu ke mastak par chhatr ki bhaanti vidyaman the. is chitr ke madhyam se spasht hua ki rajanitik nipunata par asin vishnu 'kal-rakshit' the, arthath usako gherakar kal shatruoan se unhean poorn suraksha pradan kar raha tha.

kutta

vafadari ka sarvasvikrit pratik hai. 'sarama' ki katha is tathy ki sakshi hai.

kabootar

ketu ka vahan hone ke nate ashubh vinash ka dyotan karata hai to

sianh

sianh shakti ka pratik hai.

kokil

kokil sangit ka bianb hai.

mrig

mrig sangit premiyoan ka pratik hai.

kaue

atithi-agaman ke soochak haian aur

gay

mata svaroopini haian- sab ichchhaean poorn karane vali. sabaka palan karane vali kamadhenu hai.

devataoan ke nam

• devataoan ke 26 nam haian-

(amarakosh ke anusar)

1. amar
2. nirjar
3. dev
4. tridash
5. vibudh
6. sur
7. suparvan
8. sumanas
9. tridivesh
10. divaukas
11. aditey
12. divishad
13. lekh
14. aditinandan
15. adity
16. rribhu
17. asvapn
18. amarty
19. amritandhas
20. barhirmukh
21. kratubhuj
22. girvan
23. danavari
24. vrindarak
25. daivat
26. devata.

sanbandhit lekh

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