हाइड्रोजन

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udajan (aangrezi:haidrojan) avart sarani ka pratham tatv hai. haidrojan ka hindi nam 'udajan' hai. yah any sabhi tatvoan se halka hota hai. isaka pratikanusar 'u' (H) tatha paramanu sankhya 1 hoti hai. isaka paramanu dravyaman 1.008 hota hai. isaka ilektr aaunik vinyas 1s¹ hota hai. ise avart sarani ke upavarg IA mean rakha gaya hai. yah 's' - bl aauk ka sadasy hai. kuchh mamale mean udajan ki samanata hailojan ke sath hone ke karan ise in tatvoan ke sath upavarg VIIA mean bhi rakh diya gaya hai. pratham tattv hone ke karan udajan ka 9vaan sthan hai. soory aur taroan ka adha bhag udajan ka bana hai. udajan ko bhavishy ka eeandhan kaha jata hai. isake nabhik mean sirf ek prot aaun hota hai. yah avart sarani ka ekamatr aisa tattv hai, isake nabhik mean nyootr aaun nahian paya jata hai. isaki khoj 1766 ee. mean henari kaiveandis ne ki. udajan sabhi amloan ka anivary aang hai.

udajan nirman ki vidhi

(i) lal tapt lohe par bhap pravahit karane par udajan gais prapt hoti hai.

3Fe + 4H₂O → Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂↑

(ii) udajan ki jal se pratikriya karane par udajan gais prapt hoti hai.

CaH₂ + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂↑

(iii) sodiyam ki jal ke sath pratikriya karane par udajan gais prapt hoti hai.

2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂↑

udajan ka adhishoshan

paladiyam jaisi kuchh dhatuoan ke mahin choorn dvara udajan gais shighrata se avashoshit kar li jati hai. dhatu ko garm karane par adhishoshit gais punah bahar nikal jati hai. udajan ke is prakar adhishoshit hone ki kriya ko udajan ka adhishoshan kahate haian.

teloan ka haidrojanikaran

uchch dab par nikel utprerak ki upasthiti mean udajan vanaspali teloan se sanyog karake unhean vanaspati ghi mean parinat kar deta hai, is prakriya ko teloan ka haidrojanikaran kahate haian.

udajan ka upayog

1. prayah any gaisoan ke sath mishrit kar eeandhan ke roop mean upayog kara jata hai.
2. haibar vidhi se amoniya ke utpadan mean hota hai.
3. vanaspati ghi ke nirman mean upayog hota hai.
4. gaisolin ke utpad mean bhi upayog hota hai
5. aauksijan udajan lau (tap 2800°C) ka upayog dhatuoan ko katane tatha jo dane mean hota hai.
6. halki gais hone ke karan gubbare mean bharane mean hota hai, kintu jvalanashil hone ke karan ajakal isaki jagah hiliyam ya hiliyam-udajan mishran (He 85% + H₂ 15%) ka vyavahar hota hai.
7. drav udajan r aauket eeandhan ke roop mean prayukt hota hai.

udajan ke roop

navajat udajan

rasayanik pratikriya ke phalasvaroop kisi yaugik se turant nikali huee udajan gais navajat kahalati hai. yah anvik udajan se adhik kriyashil hota hai.

paramanvik udajan

udajan anu ke vighatan se prapt hone vale udajan ko paramanvik udajan kahate haian.

aaurthoan udajan

udajan ka vah roop jisamean udajan anu ke paramanuoan ke nabhik ek hi disha mean chakran karate haian, aaurthoan udajan kahalata hai.

para udajan

udajan ka vah roop jisamean udajan anu ke paramanuoan ke nabhik ek doosare ke viparit disha mean chakran karate haian, para udajan kahalata hai.

udajan ke samasthanik

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udajan ke tin samasthanik hote haian, ye hai-

1. protiyam (₁H¹)
2. dyooteriyam (₁H² ya D)
3. traitiyam (₁H³ ya T)

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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