वाराणसी का भूगोल
varanasi, bharat ki saanskritik evan dharmik nagari ke roop mean vikhyat hai. isaki prachinata ki tulana vishv ke any prachinatam nagaroan jerusalem, etheans tatha peikiang (bijiang) se ki jati hai.[1] varanasi ganga ke baean tat par arddhachandrakar mean 250°18’ uttari akshaansh evan 830° 1’ poorvi deshaantar par sthit hai. prachin varanasi ki mool sthiti vidvanoan ke madhy vivad ka vishay rahi hai. varanasi nagar ki rachana ganga ke kinare hai, jisaka vistar lagabhag 5 mil mean hai. ooanchaee par base hone ke karan adhikatar varanasi badh ki vibhishika se surakshit rahata hai, parantu varanasi ke madhy tatha dakshini bhag ke nichane ilake prabhavit hote haian. nagar ke akar ki dharmik manyataoan ke adhar par vyakhya karane ke anek prayas kie gaye haian. in manyataoan ki bhaugolik vyakhya ko kamovesh svikara gaya hai. aise samanyat: prachalit vishvasoan ki soochi is prakar banaee hai.
prachalit vishvasoan ki soochi
- krit trishool
is trishool ke tin shool haian- uttar mean oankareshvar, madhy mean vishveshvar tatha dakshin mean kedareshvar. yah tinoan ganga tat par sthit haian. manyata hai ki yah nagari bhagavan shiv ko samarpit hai aur unake trishool par sthit hai.
- tretayug chakr
chaurasi kos yatra ke tadanuroop hai aur madhyameshvar isaka kendr hai jo ganga ke nikat avasthit hai.thumb|250px|left|sooryast ka ek drishy, varanasi
- dvapar rath
sat prakar ke shiv mandir, rath ka samaroop banate haian. ye haian- gokarneshvar, sulatanakeshvar, manikarneshvar, bharabhooteshvar, vishveshvar, madhyameshvar tatha oankareshvar. is akar mean bhi ganga nadi ki mahattvapoorn bhoomika hai.
- shankhakar
yahaan bhi mandiroan ki sthiti ke samaroop akar mana gaya hai aur ganga nadi yah akar nirdharit karati hai. is akar ko banane vale mandir haian- uttar pashchim mean vidhnaraj aur vinayak, uttar mean shaileshvar, dakshin poorv mean kedareshvar aur dakshin mean lolark.
bhaugolik sthiti
dharatal ki sanrachana
varanasi ke dharatal ki sanrachana thos kank doan se huee haian. adhunik rajaghat ka chauras maidan jahaan nadi-naloan ke katav nahian milate, shahar basane ke lie upayukt tha. varanasi shahar ke uttar mean varuna aur dakshin mean assi nala hai, uttar-pashchim ki or yadyapi aisa koee prakritik sadhan (paha diyaan, jhil, nadi ityadi) nahian hai jisase nagar ki suraksha ho sake, tathapi yah nishchit hai ki kashi ke samipavarti gahan van, jinaka ullekh jatakoan, jain evan pauranik granthoan mean aya hai, kashi ki suraksha mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika ada karate rahe hoange.[2]
bhoo-sthapana
[[chitr:Ghat-Varanasi-2.jpg|thumb|250px|varanasi mean ganga nadi ke ghat]] varanasi ki sthapana ka adhar sudoor prachin kal mean dharmik n hokar arthik ya vyaparik tha. varanasi ki bhoo-sthapana ka karan yahaan ki bhaugolik sthiti hai. yah shahar ardhachandrakar mean ganga ki rachana kinare par avasthit hai. varanasi ki rachana ek ooanche kankarili jagah par hai, jo ganga ke pashchimi kinare par avasthit hai, jahaan badh ka khatara nahian rahata hai. yah adhunik rajaghat ka chauras maidan haian jahaan nadi-naloan ka katav nahian milata, yah shahar basane ke lie upayukt tha. ek or "varana" nadi to doosari or ganga nagar ki prakritik khaee ka kam karati hai. yahaan ke jangal bhi varanasi ke bachav ke lie apani bhoomika ada karate rahe hogean. varanasi ke bachav mean adhunik mirzapur zile ki viandhyachal ki paha diyaan bhi mahattvapoorn thian. varanasi ke vyapari pashchim ki or ganga aur yamuna ke raste mathura pahuanchate the tatha poorab ki or chanpa hote hue tamralipti ke bandaragah tak jate the. varanasi usi mahajanapad par avasthit thi jo takshashila se rajagrih ke bad pataliputr ko jata tha.[3]
prakritik banavat
jab aranbhik yug mean varanasi mean manushy base to varanasi ki prakritik banavat ka kya roop tha par krityakalpataru, kashikhand aur 19vian sadi ke jan priansep ke nakshe ke adhar par yah kahana sambhav hai ki ganga-varana sangam se lekar ganga assi sangam ke kuchh uttar tak ek kankarila karara hai, jo godauliya nale ke pas kat jati hai. zamin ki satah nadi ki satah se nichi p d jane par pani varana mean chala jata tha. godauliya nale mean misir pokhara, lakshmikund tha, beniya talab ka pani ganga mean bah jata tha. machhodari rakabe ka pani varana mean girata tha. machhodari ke poorab mean kagar ke niche ek chauras maidan p d jata tha jisake uttar mean nale bahate the.[3] thumb|left|250px|banaras ka ek drishy
nadi ke roop mean ullekh
sthalapuranoan mean matsyodari ka kashi mean ek nadi ke roop mean ullekh ek paheli hai. lakshmidhar 1 ne tirth vivechan kaand mean [4] is nadi ka tin bar ullekh kiya hai. ek sthan par (prishth 34-35) shushk nadi yani assi ko piangala na di, varuna ko ila na di aur in donoan ke bich matsyodari ko sushumna na di mana hai. anyatr [5] ganga aur matsyodari ke sangam par snan mokshadayak mana gaya hai. tisare sthan par is nadi ke tir par devalok chho dakar devataoan ke basane ki bat kahi gayi hai. mitr mishr dvara uddhrit kashikhand[6] mean matsyodari ko bahirantashchar kaha gaya hai aur vah ganga ke pratikool dhara (sanhar marg) se milati thi. solahavian sadi mean pandit narayan ki vyutpatti ke anusar matsyakar kashi ke garbh mean avasthit hone se isaka nam matsyodari p da.[3]
matsyodari tirth
uparyukt samagri ke avalokan se sabhi batean spasht ho jati haian. kashi khand ke anusar shivaganoan ne matsyodari tirth ke sannikat shailoan se ghira hua durg banaya aur usake pas matsyodari ke jal se bhari parikha (mot) thi. at: ek to matsyodari jhil thi jisaka jal bhitar hi bhitar pravahit tha ya aantashchar tha aur doosari matsyodari parikha thi jisaka jal bahakar varuna ko pichhe thelata tha. varsha kal mean ganga mean badh ati to ganga ka pani varuna ko pichhe thelata matsyodari parikha mean pravisht hota aur aantat: matsyodari tirth mean a pahuanchata. isi ko punit matsyodari yog kaha jata hai. is bahate hue ganga jal se kashi kshetr poornat: ghir jata aur usaka svaroop machhali sa ho jata hai.[3]
kavyamayi bhasha
thumb|220px|ramanath mandir, banaras isi sthiti ko tristhali setu ne kavyamayi bhasha mean kaha hai ki aisa pratit hota hai ki ganga ne svayan matsyodari rup dharan kar liya hai. is punit sangam ka mahatmy batate hue likha hai ki samast tirth aur shivaliang yahaan prapt ho jate haian. ganga-varuna aur matsyodari ka yah sangam aankareshvar ke pas hota tha aur yahian bhairavarup bhagavanh shankar ne snan kiya tha aur kapalamochan tirth ki srishti huee thi. varanasi mean tin punyada nadiyoan ki charcha krity-kalpataru ne ki hai- ye haian- pitamah-srotika (brahmanal), mandakini (madhyameshvar ke pas) aur matsyodari (oankareshvar ke pas) ye tinoan varsha ke dinoan mean nadi ka roop dharan karati thi. pitamahasrotika nale se avimukteshvar kshetr ka jal ganga mean girata tha. mandakini mean vartaman daranagar, ausanaganj, kashipura, vishvesaraganj ka jal ekatr hota tha jo bulanala, saptasagar bhuletan, beniya, misirapokhara, godavari tirth (godauliya) hote hue shitalaghat ke pas ganga mean girata tha. matsyodari parikha ka jal oankareshvar ke pas hote hue varuna mean girata tha. b di badh mean matsyodari ke bhar jane par jal shivat dag [7] ko bharata hua mandakini mean milata, vahaan se dashashvamegh ke pas ganga mean milata. is prakar rajaghat se dashashvamegh tak ka samoocha kshetr pani se ghir jata tha ya varanasi kshetr hi matsyakar ho jata tha.[3]
pauranik vyutpatti
[[chitr:Watching-river-passing,varanasi.jpg|thumb|left|ganga nadi, varanasi]] varanasi ki pauranik vyutpatti ko svikar karane mean bahut si kathinaiyaan hai. pahali kathinaee to yah hai ki assi nadi n hokar bahut hi sadharan nala hai aur is bat ka bhi koee praman nahian hai ki prachin kal mean isaka roop nadi ka tha. prachin varanasi ki sthiti bhi is mat ka samarthan nahian karati. pray: vidvan ek mat hai ki prachin varanasi adhunik rajaghat ke ooanche maidan par basi thi aur isaka prachin vistar jaisa ki bhagnavasheshoan se bhi pata chalata hai - varana ke us par bhi tha, par assi ki taraf to bahut hi kam prachin avashesh mile haian aur jo mile bhi haian ve paravarti arthat madhyakal ke haian. matsy puran mean kaha gaya hai-
varanasyaan nadi pu siddhagandharvasevita.
pravishta tripatha ganga tasminh kshetre mam priye..[8]
arthat- he priye, siddh gandharvoan se sevit varanasi mean jahaan puny nadi tripathaga ganga ata hai vah kshetr mujhe priy hai. yahaan assi ka ullekh nahian hai. varanasi kshetr ka vistar batate hue matsy puran mean ek aur jagah kaha gaya hai-
varana ch nadi yavadyavachchhushkanadi tatha.
bhishmayandikamarambh parvateshvaramanti ke..[9]
arthat- poorv se pashchim do yojan ya dhaee yojan lambaee varana se asi tak hai, aur chau daee arddhayojan bhishmachandi se parvateshvar tak hai.
varanasi ke basane ki kalpana
|
chitr:Blockquote-open.gif
aitihasik alekhoan se pramanit hota hai ki eesa poorv ki chhathi shatabdi mean varanasi bharatavarsh ka b da hi samriddhashali aur mahattvapoorn rajy tha.
chitr:Blockquote-close.gif |
assi aur varana ke bich mean varanasi ke basane ki kalpana us samay se uday huee jab nagar ki dharmik mahima badhi aur usake sath-sath nagar ke dakshin mean abadi badhane se dakshin ka bhag bhi usaki sima mean a gaya. lekin prachin varanasi sadaiv varana par hi sthit nahian thi, ganga tak usaka prasar hua tha. kam-se-kam patanjali ke samay mean arthath eesa poorv doosari shatabdi mean to yah ganga ke kinare-kinare basi thi, jaisi ki ashtadhyayi ke sootr "yasy aya:'[10] par patanjali ne bhashy "anugang' varanasi, anushonan pataliputran [11] se vidit hai. maury aur shuang yug mean rajaghat par ganga ki or varanasi ke basane ka praman hamean puratattv ke sakshy se bhi lag chuka hai.[3]
varanasi ki nadiyaan
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
varanasi ka vistar ganga nadi ke do sangamoan varuna aur asi nadi se sangam ke bich bataya jata hai. in sangamoan ke bich ki doori lagabhag 2.5 mil hai. is doori ki parikrama hinduoan mean panchakosi yatra ya panchakosi parikrama kahalati hai. varanasi zile ki nadiyoan ke vistar se adhyayan karane par yah jnat hota hai ki varanasi mean to prasravak nadiyaan hai lekin chandauli mean nahian hai jisase us zile mean jhilean aur daladal haian, adhik barasat hone par gaanv pani se bhar jate haian tatha fasal ko kafi nukasan pahuanchata hai.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ dayana el ik, banaras siti aauf lait (nyooyark, 1982), pratham sanskaran, prishth 4
- ↑ motichandr, kashi ka itihas, prishth 2
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 kashi ki bhaugolik sthiti (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el) kashivishvanath. abhigaman tithi: 28 aprॅl, 2011.
- ↑ prishth 34, 58, 69
- ↑ prishth 58
- ↑ prishth 240
- ↑ haloog daha jis par vishveshvar ganj ka bazar basa hai
- ↑ matsy puran pri.39
- ↑ matsy puran pri.39
- ↑ ashtadhyayi 2/1/16
- ↑ kilaharn 6,380
sanbandhit lekh