खड़ी बोली

bhashashastr ki drishti se kh di boli shabd ka prayog dilli - merath ke samipasth gramin samuday ki gramin boli ke lie hota hai. griyarsan ne ise 'varnakyoolar hindustani' tatha sunitikumar chatarji ne 'janapadiy hindustani' kaha hai. bhasha vaijnanik drishti se kh di boli hi staindard hindi, urdoo tatha hindustani ki mooladhar boli hai. sahityak sandarbh mean kabhi-kabhi avadhi, braj adi boliyoan ke sahity se alagav karane ke lie adhunik hindi sahity ko 'kh di boli sahity' se abhihit kiya jata hai aur is prasang mean kh di boli shabd 'staindard hindi' ka samanarthak ho jata hai. pratham ko ham 'kh di boli' shabd ka vishisht arth aur dvitiy ko samany arth kah sakate haian. kiantu 'kh di boli' shabd ke arambhik arth tatha namakaran aur usake roop, arth, prayog ke vikas ke sambandh mean vidvanoan mean matavaibhinny dikhaee p data hai. 'kh di boli' nam ki vyakhya bhinn-bhinn vidvanoan ne bhinn-bhinn roop se ki hai. un vidvanoan ki vichar-dharaoan ko nimnalikhit vargoan mean baant sakate haian-

1. kuchh vidvan 'kh di boli' nam ko brajabhasha-sapekshy manate haian aur yah pratipadan karate haian ki lalloo lalaji (1803 ee.) se bahut poorv yah nam brajabhasha ki madhur mithas ki tulana mean us boli ko diya gaya tha, jisase kalaantar mean staindard hindi aur urdoo k vikas hua. ye vidvan 'kh di' shabd se karkashata, katuta, kharapan, kh dapan adi arth lete haian.
2. kuchh log ise urdoo - sapekshy manakar usaki apeksha ise prakrit, 'shuddh', gramin thethaboli manate haian.
3. kuchh kh di ka arth 'susthir, suprachalit, susanskrit, 'parishkrit ya paripakv se manate haian.
4. kuchh log uttari bharat ki okaraant braj adi boliyoan ko 'p di boli' aur usake virodh mean ise 'kh di boli' manate haian.
5. jab ki kuchh log rekhata shaili ko 'p di' aur ise 'kh di' manate haian.

kh diboli hi kyoan

vastav mean 'kh diboli' mean prayukt 'kh di' shabd gunbodhak visheshan hai aur kisi bhasha ke namakaran mean gun-avagun-pradhan drishtikon adhikaansh: any bhasha-sapekshy hoti hai. apabhransh aur urdoo adi isi shreni ke nam haian, atev 'kh di' shabd any bhasha sapekshy avashy hai, kiantu isaka mool kh di hai athava khari? aur isaka pratham mool arth kya hai? isake lie shabd ke itihas ki khoj avashyak hai. boli ke arth mean is nam ka ullekh hamean madhyamakal mean kahian nahian milata hai. nishrvit roop se is shabd ka prayog 19vian shati ke pratham dashabd mean lallooji lal ne 2 bar, sadal mishr ne 2 bar, gilakaist ne 6 bar kiya hai.

lalloolal ji aur sadal mishr ne 'premasagar' tatha 'nasiketopakhyan' aur 'ramacharitr' nagari lipi mean likha tha. in granthoan mean kh di boli hi shabd milata hai, jisaka uchcharan nishchay hi kh di raha hoga. is prakar hiandoo lekhakoan mean kh diboli shabd hi prachalit raha hoga, kiantu romanalipi mean 'premasagar' ke mukhaprishth par khari (kharee) hi mudrit hai. romanalipi mean hiandi ke dh‌ ya dah ko r ya R se prakat karate haian. isi se hiandi 'kh di' ko khari likha gaya hai. sambhavat: videshi aangrezoan mean 'khari' shabd hi adhik prachalit hua. aj ka samany aangrez 'kh di' shabd ka uchcharan khari ke asapas hi karega. bharatiy dhvani vikas mean bhi r aur dh‌ dhvani mean paraspar vinimay hota raha hai. sambhavat: uchcharan ki drishti se 'kh di' aur 'khari' us samay bahut hi nikat ke shabd the. is shabd ke vastavik arth jnan ke lie hamean lalloolal ji, sadal mishr aur gilakraist ke uddharanoan par pun: gambhirata poorvak vichar karana chahie. in uddharanoan se kisi bhi prakar yah siddh nahian hota ki brajabhasha ki apeksha adhik 'karkash', 'katu' hone ke karan is boli ko yah nam diya gaya. yadi unnisavian shati se bahut poorv hi brajabhasha ke virodh mean yah nam prachalit raha hota to staindard urdoo, hiandi, hiandustani sabake lie yah shabd prayukt hota, kyoanki bhashavaijnanik drishti se tinoan ki mooladhar boli yahi hai aur 'premasagar' tatha 'bago bahar' donoan ko kh di boli ka granth kaha jata hai, kiantu aisa kahian bhi nahian kaha gaya. svayan lalloolal ji ne 'lal chandrika' ki bhoomika mean apane granthoan ki bhasha ke tin bhed kiye haian-

1. braj
2. kh di boli
3. rekhate ki boli (urdoo)

yadi kh di boli ko brajabhasha sapekshy samajhate to lalloolal ji apane granthoan ki bhasha ke do hi bhag karate. vastav mean kh di boli ke lie karkash, katu adi arth bharateandu yug ki den hai, jabaki hiandi kavita ke lie brajabhasha aur kh di boli donoan mean pratiyogita ho rahi thi. sambhavat: brajabhasha pakshavaloan ne usi yug mean 'khadiboli' ka is prakar arth kiya hoga. beli mahoday ke anusar 'kh di' hi mool shabd hai, 'khari' nahian, jo kh da ka striliang roop hai. 'kh di' shabd ka arth hai 'uthi' aur jab yah shabd kisi bhasha ke lie prayukt hota hoga, to tab isaka arth 'prachalit' raha hoga. is prakar isake anusar 'kh di' ka arth hai 'paripakv', 'prachalit' ya susthir.

chandrabali pande ne apane lekh 'khadi boli ki nirukti' mean boli le paripakv, prachalit arth ka khandan karate hue yah pratipadan karane ka prayatn kiya hai ki kh di boli sadal mishr ki niji ya unake yahaan ki prachalit boli nahian hai. kiantu unaka khandan many nahian, kyoanki is boli ka prachalan hiandavi roop mean aant:praantiy vyavahar ke lie bahut pahale se tha, anyatha siandh, gujarat ke svami prananath (kulajam svaroop) aur laladas (vitak), patiyala ke ramaprasad niranjani (yogavashishth), rajasthan ke daulataram (padmapuran) aur bihar ke sadal mishr is boli mean rachana nahian kar sakate. atev 'kh di' shabd ka arth paripakv, prachalit man lene mean koee apatti nahian honi chahie. sath hi is boli ko 'kh di' (staindard keval vacharth lekar) isalie manana ki isaki tulana mean uttar pradesh ki 'brajabhasha' adi any boliyaan 'p di' boliyaan thian, bhi nyayasangat nahian hai. kiantu beli ka arth bhi poorn nahian hai. kh di shabd ka arth keval 'staindard', 'karent' arth lene se urdoo se usaka spasht alagav siddh nahian hota hai, kyoanki hiandi samany arth ki urdoo shaili dilli, agara mean bhali bhaanti prachalit aur susthir thi, kiantu urdoo ka jhukav 'yamini' bhasha arthat farasi aur arabi ki or adhik tha, atev mool roop se hiandi ya hiandustani hone par bhi gilakraist ke poorv helahedane is hiandustani ko 'mishrit hiandustani' kaha tha, jab ki usake anusar hiandustani ki hiandavi shaili shuddh hiandustani thi athava shuddh hindi thi. 'premasagar' ke pratham tin sanskaranoan ke mukhaprishth par mudrit pure Hindee language or Kharee Bolee (1805ee.), pun: isake sanskaran mean Hinduwee(1811ee.) aur tisare sanskaran mean Hindee(1842ee.) shabd isi tathy ki or sanket karate haian.

sarvapratham prayog

kh di boli nam sarvapratham hiandi ya hiandustani ki us shaili ke lie diya gaya jo urdoo ki apeksha adhik shuddh hiandi (bharatiy) thi aur jisaka prayog sanskrit parampara athava bharatiy parampara se sambandhit log adhik karate the. adhikaanshat: vah nagarilipi mean likhi jati thi. 1805ee. se hiandi, hiandustani aur urdoo shabd gilakraistake anusar samanarthak the, atev inase alagav siddh karane ke lie 'shuddh' (pure) visheshan jo dane ki avashyakata p di tatha kh diboli nam sarthak hua. is prakar kh diboli ka vastavik arthahoga shuddh, parishkrit ya parinishthit prachalit bhasha. urdoo bhi dilli agara ki bhasha thi, kiantu vah yamini mishrit thi, atev vah dilli agara ki kh di aur prachalit boli nahian thi. kh di boli shabd ka arth 1823 ee. ke bad hiandi hua. yahi karan hai ki "premasagar' ke 1842 ee. ke sanskaran mean hiandi shabd hi mukhaprishth par mudrit hai.

kh di boli shabd ka prayog arambh mean usi bhasha shaili ke lie hua, jise 1823 ee. ke bad 'hiandi' kaha gaya. kiantu jab prachin ya prachalit shabd ne 'kh di boli' ka sthan le liya to kh di boli shabd us shaili ke lie bahut kam prayukt hua, keval sahityik sandarbh mean kabhi kabhi prayukt hota hai. isi prakar jab yah mat prasiddh ho gaya ki hiandi, urdoo aur hiandustani ki mooladhar boli brajabhasha nahian varan dilli aur merath ki janapadiy boli hai, tab us boli ka any upayukt nam prachalit na hone ke karan use 'kh di boli' hi kaha jane laga. is prakar kh di boli ka prastut bhashashastriy prayog vikasit hua. prachen kuru janapad se sambandh jo dakar kuchh log ab ise 'kauravi boli' bhi kahane lage haian, kiantu jab tak poornaroop se yah siddh na ho jae ki is boli ka vikas us janapad mean prachalit apabhransh se hi hua hai tab tak ise kauravi kahana vaijnanik drishti se yuktiyukt nahian.

kh di boli bahul kshetr

kh di boli nimn likhit sthanoan ke gramin kshetroan mean boli jati hai- merath, bijanaur, muzaffaranagar, saharanapur, deharadoon ke maidani bhag, ambala, kalasiya aur patiyala ke poorvi bhag, ramapur aur muradabad. baangaroo, jataki ya hariyanavi ek prakar se panjabi aur rajasthani mishrit kh di boli hi haian jo dilli, karanal, rohatak, hisar aur patiyala, nabha, jhiand ke gramin kshetroan mean boli jati hai. kh di boli kshetr ke poorv mean brajabhasha, dakshin poorv mean mevati, dakshin pashchim mean pashchimi rajasthani, pashchim mean poorvi panjabi aur uttar mean paha di boliyoan ka kshetr hai. boli ke pradhanat: do roop milate haian-

1. poorvi ya poorvi kh di boli
2. pashchimi ya pashchimi kh di boli.

sahity ke kshetr mean kh di boli ke adi prayog 'gorakhavani' tatha baba farid shararaganj ki baniyoan mean milate haian. musalamanoan ne is boli ko apanakar ise aant:praantiy roop diya. nirgun santoan ne bhi isake prachar mean sahayog diya. dhire dhire is boli mean vyakaran ke kshetr mean tatha shabd kosh mean any bhashaoan ka mishran hone laga, jisase hiandi (adhunik arth), urdoo aur hiandustani ka vikas hua. aj is boli ke kuchh lokget milate haian, jo prakashit bhi hue haian.

khadi boli nagarilipi mean hi likhi jati hai. hiandi ki rooparekha janane ke lie kh di boli ka jnan ati avashyak hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

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sanbandhit lekh

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