मार्टीमेर डुरंड
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- sar henari martimer durand ne 1873 ee. mean 23 varsh ki ayu mean iandiyan sivil sarvis mean pravesh kiya.
- sar henari martimer durand ke pita sar henari meriyan durand tha, jo bangal ianjiniyars ka afasar hokar bharat aya aur 1870 ee. mean panjab ka gavarnar ho gaya. lekin 1871 ee. mean ek durghatana mean usaki mrityu ho gee.
- henari martimer durand 1879 ee. mean kabul abhiyan ke dauran sar fredarik rabartas ka rajanitik sachiv tha.
- 1884 ee. mean vah bharat sarakar ka videsh sachiv ho gaya aur is pad par 1894 ee. tak raha.
- 1893 ee. mean ek british pratinidhi dal ke sath afaganistan ke amir abdurrahaman ke pas jakar sar henari martimer durand ne b di chaturaee ke sath amir ko ek sima ayog ki sthapana ke lie raji kar liya. sar henari martimer durand hi is ayog ka adhyaksh niyukt kiya gaya. is ayog ne prasiddh durand rekha ko nirdharit ki jo bharat aur afaganistan ke bich sthayi sima bani.
- pakistan aj bhi durand rekha ko pakistan aur afaganistan ke bich ki sima rekha banaye rakhane par bal deta hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
pustak 'bharatiy itihas kosh' prishth sankhya-183