वाराणसी की नदियाँ
varanasi ka vistar ganga nadi ke do sangamoan varuna aur asi nadi se sangam ke bich bataya jata hai. in sangamoan ke bich ki doori lagabhag 2.5 mil hai. is doori ki parikrama hinduoan mean panchakosi yatra ya panchakosi parikrama kahalati hai. varanasi zile ki nadiyoan ke vistar se adhyayan karane par yah jnat hota hai ki varanasi mean to prasravak nadiyaan hai lekin chandauli mean nahian hai jisase us zile mean jhilean aur daladal haian, adhik barasat hone par gaanv pani se bhar jate haian tatha fasal ko kafi nukasan pahuanchata hai.
ganga
[[chitr:Ganga-River-Varanasi.jpg|ganga nadi, varanasi|thumb|250px]]
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ganga ka varanasi ki prakritik rachana mean mukhy sthan hai. ganga varanasi mean gangapur ke betavar gaanv se pahale ghusati hai. yahaan par isase subaha nala a mila hai. varanasi ko vahaan se pray: sat mil tak ganga mirzapur zile se alag karati hai aur isake bad varanasi zile mean varanasi aur chandauli ko vibhajit karati hai. ganga ki dhara ardh-vrittakar roop mean varsh bhar bahati hai. isake bahari bhag ke oopar karare p date haian aur bhitari bhag mean baloo athava badh ki mitti milati hai. ganga ka rukh pahale uttar ki taraph hota hua ramanagar ke kuchh age tak dehat amanat ko ralhoopur se alag karata hai. yahaan par karara kankarila hai aur nadi usake thik niche bahati hai. yahaan toofan mean navoan ko kafi khatara rahata hai. dehat amanat mean ganga ka baanya kinara muandadev tak chala gaya hai. isake niche ki or vah ret mean parinat ho jata hai aur badh mean pani se bhar jata hai. ramanagar chho dane ke bad ganga ki uttar-poorv ki or jhukati doosari kehuni shuroo hoti hai. dhara yahaan bayean kinare se lagakar bahati hai.
banaganga
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ramagadh mean banaganga ke tat par vairaant ke prachin khandaharoan ki sthiti hai, jo mahattvapoorn hai. lok kathaoan ke anusar yahaan ek samay prachin varanasi basi thi. sabase pahale bairaant ke khandaharoan ki jaanch p datal e.si.el. karlaeel 2 ne ki. vairaant ki sthiti ganga ke dakshin mean saidapur se dakshin-poorv mean aur varanasi ke uttar-poorv mean qarib 16 mil aur gajipur ke dakshin-pashchim qarib 12 mil hai. vairaant ke khandahar banaganga ke bartulakar dakshin-poorvi kinare par haian. [[chitr:Ganga-River-Varanasi-5.jpg|thumb|250px|ganga nadi, varanasi|left]]
barana
varanasi ke itihas ke lie to barana ka kafi mahattv hai kyoanki jaisa ham pahale siddh kar chuke haian is nadi ke nam par hi varanasi nagar ka nam p da. atharvaved[1] mean shayad barana ko hi baranavati nam se sanbodhan kiya gaya hai. subaha aur assi jaise do ek mamooli nale-naliyoan ko chho dakar is zile mean ganga ki mukhy sahayak nadiyaan barana aur gomati hai. us yug mean logoan ka vishvas tha ki is nadi ke pani mean sapan-vish door karane ka alaukik gun hai. is nadi ka namaprachin pauranik yug mean "varanasi' tha. barana ilahabad aur mirzapur ziloan ki sima par phoolapur ke tal se nikalakar varanasi zile ki sima mean pashchimi or se ghusati hai aur yahaan usaka sangam visuhi nadi se saravan gaanv mean hota hai. visuhi nam ka sanbandh shayad vishdhni se ho. sanbhavat: barana nadi ke jal mean vish harane ki shakti ke prachin vishvas ka sanket hamean usaki ek sahayak nadi ke nam se milata hai. bisuhi aur usake bad varana kuchh door tak jaunapur aur varanasi ki sima banati hai. bal khati huee barana nadi poorab ki or jati hai aur dakshin aur kasavar or dehat amanat ki or uttar mean pandraha athagaanva aur shivapur ki simaean nirdharit karati hai. banaras chhavani ke uttar se hoti huee nadi dakshin-poorv ki or ghoom jati hai aur saray mohana par ganga se isaka sangam ho jata hai. varanasi ke oopar is par do tirth hai, rameshvar or kalakaba da. nadi ke donoan kinare shuroo se akhir tak sadharanat: haian aur anaginat naloan se kate haian.
gomati
[[chitr:Gomti-River.jpg|thumb|gomati nadi]]
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gomati nadi ka bhi puranoan mean bahut ullekh hai. pauranik yug mean yah vishvas tha ki varanasi kshetr ki sima gomati se barana tak thi. is zile mean pahuanchane ke pahale gomati ka pat see ke milane se badh jati hai. nadi zile ke uttar mean sultanipur se ghusati hai aur vahaan se 22 mil tak arthat kaithi mean ganga se sangam hone tak yah zile ki uttari sarahad banati hai. nadi ka bahav tedha-medha hai aur isake kinare kahian aur kahian dhaluean haian.
nand
nand hi gomati ki ekamatr sahayak nadi hai. yah nadi jaunapur ki sima par kol asala mean phoolapur ke uttar-poorv se nikalati hai aur dhaurahara mean gomati se ja milati hai. nand mean hathi nam ki ek chhoti nadi hariharapur ke pas milati hai.
karamanasa
madhyakal mean hinduoan ka yah vishvas tha ki karamanasa ke pani ke sparsh se puny nasht ho jata hai. karamanasa aur usaki sahayak nadiyaan chandauli zile mean hai. nadi kaibhoor paha diyoan se nikalakar mirzapur zile se hoti huee, pahale-pahal banaras zile mean majhavar paragane se fatahapur se ghoomati hai. karamanasa, majhavar ke dakshin-poorabi hisse mean qarib 10 mil chalakar gajipur ki sarahad banati huee paragana naravam ko zila shahabad se alag karati hai. zile ko kakarait mean chho dati huee phatehapur se 34 mil par chauansa mean vah ganga se mil jati hai. naubatapur mean is nadi par pul hai aur yahian se graiand trank rod aur gaya ko relave lain jati hai.
g dee
g dee karamanasa ki mukhy sahayak nadi hai jo mirzapur ki paha diyoan se nikalakar paragana dhoos ke dakshin mean shivanathapur ke pas se is zile mean ghusati hai aur kuchh door tak majhavar aur dhoos ki sima banati huee bad mean majhavar hoti huee poorab ki or karamanasa mean mil jati hai.
chandraprabha
majhavar mean gurari ke pas mirzapur ke paha di ilake se nikalakar chandraprabha varanasi zile ko baburi par chhooti huee tho di door mirzapur mean bahakar uttar mean karamanasa se mil jati hai.
varanasi zile ki nadiyoan ke ukt varnan se yah jnat hota hai ki banaras mean to prasravak nadiyaan haian lekin chandauli mean nahian hai jisase us zile mean jhilean aur daladal haian, adhik barasat hone par gaanv pani se bhar jate haian tatha fasal ko kafi nuqasan pahuanchata hai. nadiyoan ke bahav aur zamin ki ki vajah se jo hani-labh hota hai ise prachin ary bhali-bhaanti samajhate the aur isalie sabase pahale abadi varanasi mean huee.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ atharvaved (5/7/1