बांग्ला भाषा

baangla bhasha bharatiy-ary parivar ki bhasha hai. yah baangladesh aur bharat ke pashchim bangal, asam tatha tripura rajyoan ke 20 karo d se adhik tatha briten mean base b de pravasi samuday dvara boli jati hai. yah baangladesh ki rajabhasha aur bharat ke sanvidhan dvara manyata prapt 18 bhashaoan mean se ek hai.

udbhav

bhashashastriyoan ka ek samooh manata hai ki bagla bhasha ki utpatti 10vian shatabdi mean huee aur yah magadhi prakrit se utpann huee. any ka manana hai ki isaki utpatti gau di prakrit se satavian shatabdi mean huee. lekin is bare mean donoan paksh sahamat haian ki aranbh mean u diya, asami aur baangla bhashaean ek hi shakha ka nirman karati thian, jisamean se pahale u diya aur bad mean asami bhasha alag huee. yahi karan hai ki baangla bhasha v sahity ki aranbhik kriti 'charyapad' par, jisamean bauddh adhyatmik git hai, u diya aur asami bolane vale log bhi apana dava karate haian.

any bhasha parivar ka prabhav

baangla ek bharopiy bhasha hai, lekin is par dakshin eshiya ke any bhasha parivaroan ka bhi prabhav p da hai. 1916 mean prakashit ek shabdakosh ke anusar baangla shabdavali mean

1. 51.45 pratishat videshi shabd (samanyat: parivartit sanskrit shabd, sanskrit ke bhransh shabd aur gair bharopiy bhashaoan se lie ge shabd);
2. 44 pratishat aparivartit sanskrit shabd;
3. 4.55 pratishat videshi shabd shamil haian.

• aantim samooh mean farasi bhasha ke shabd hai, jinhoanne baangla bhasha ko kuchh vyakaran svaroop bhi pradan kiya hai.

baangla boliyaan

tin baangla boliyaan mahattvapoorn haian-

1. sadhubhasha (sabhy ya kulin bhasha).
2. manakikrit sahityik bhasha, jisaki shabdavali mean kee sanskrit shabd hai aur yah ashikshitoan ke lie durooh hai.
3. chalitabhasha, yani am bolachal ki bhasha, jisamean kee laghu svaroop haian. chalit ya chalitabhasha ka upayog shikshit bangali log aur samanyajan, donoan ke dvara kiya jata hai. yah kolakata aur asapas ke ziloan ki boli par adharit hai. aranbhik 20vian shatabdi se yah sahityik upayog mean ane lagi aur isamean pradhan shaili ka roop le liya hai.

bhinnataean

halaanki samajik varg, shaikshik star aur dharm ke adhar par bhasha ke upayog mean spasht bhinnataean haian, lekin pramukh bhinnata kshetriy boliyoan ke bich hai. char mukhy kshetriy boliyaan haian, jo baanglabhashi kshetr ke char prachin khandoan ke anuroop hai –

1. radha (pashchim bangal mukhy bhoomi ki boliyaan);
2. puandr ya varedr (pashchim bangal ke uttari hissoan aur baangladesh ki boliyaan);
3. kamaroop, (poorvottar baangladesh ki boliyaan); aur
4. bang (baangladesh ke any hissoan ki boliyaan).

• in sab mean silhat aur chatagaanv boliyoan mean vishesh lakshanoan ka vikas hua hai, jo any boliyoan ke lie mukhyat: durooh haian.

vyakaran

baangla bhasha mean karak roop surakshit haian , halaanki hindi jaisi pashchimi bharatiy-ary bhashaoan mean isaka lop ho chuka hai. baangla bhasha mean char se chhah karak haian, jo is bat par nirbhar karate haian ki vibhakti shabd kisi parimey ya yuktisangat jiv athava vastu ko prastut karata hai ya aparimey ko. is roop ke sath ekavachan kriya ka upayog sirf vakta dvara poorv parichay athava avamanana pradarshit karane ke lie kiya jata hai ya anyapurush mean, jab aparimey jiv vastu ka ullekh ho.

baangla lipi

mukhy lekh : baangla lipi

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baangla lipi ka udbhav do prachin bharatiy lipiyoan mean se ek, brahmi lipi se hua hai, visheshakar isake poorvi svaroop se. isake devanagari se kuchh alag vikasadhara ka anusaran kiya. u diya lipi ka vikas alag dhang se hua, lekin ek do apavadoan ke alava baangla aur asamiya lipiyaan ek saman haian.

• 12vian shatabdi tak baangla varnamala lagabhag poori ho chuki thi.
• lekin 16vian shatabdi tak kuchh parivartan hote rahe, jabaki 19vian shatabdi mean jan-boojhakar kuchh badalav kie ge.
• baangla bhasha baean se dahini or likhi jati hai. isamean kee samuchchabodhak, oordhv rekha aur adhorekhaean hoti haian ek ke alava any viram chihnoan ko 19vian shatabdi ki aangrezi se grahan kiya gaya.
• parvati adhikaanshat: manakikrit hai, jisamean kalakatta vishvavidyalay ne 1936 mean kuchh parivartan kie ge.
• jabaki dhaka ki baangla akadami ne 1936 ke sudharoan ko hi svikar kiya.

1. kuchh samachar patroan athava prakashakoan ki apani vishisht shaili hai aur pashchim bangal baangla akadami ne vartani mean ge sudharoan ka prastav kiya hai kee pakshoan dvara baangla vartani ko manakikrit karane ke svatantr prayasoan ke karan kuchh bhraanti utpann ho gee hai.
2. vishv prasiddh lekhak rabindranath thakur ki bhasha baangla, bharatiy bhashaoan mean aisi pahali bhasha hai, jisane pashchimi dharmanirapeksh sahityik shailiyoan, jaise galp, natak aur sanbodh-gitikaoan ka vikas kiya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• bharopiy parivar ki bharatiy ary bhashaean -prophesar mahavir saran jain

sanbandhit lekh

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