प्रत्यय
pratyay= prati (sath mean par bad mean)+ ay (chalanevala) shabd ka arth hai,pichhe chalana. jo shabdaansh shabdoan ke aant mean visheshata ya parivartan la dete haian, ve pratyay kahalate haian. jaise- dayalu= daya shabd ke aant mean alu ju dane se arth mean visheshata a gee hai. atah yahaan 'aloo' shabdaansh pratyay hai. pratyayoan ka apana arth kuchh bhi nahian hota aur n hi inaka prayog svatantr roop se kiya jata hai. pratyay ke do bhed haian-
krith pratyay
ve pratyay jo dhatu mean jo de jate haian, krit pratyay kahalate haian. krith pratyay se bane shabd kridant (krith+aant) shabd kahalate haian. jaise- lekhh + ak = lekhak. yahaan ak krith pratyay hai, tatha lekhak kridant shabd hai.
kram | pratyay | mool shabd\dhatu | udaharan |
---|---|---|---|
1 | ak | lekhh, pathh, kri, gai | lekhak, pathak, karak, gayak |
2 | an | palh, sahh, ne, charh | palan, sahan, nayan, charan |
3 | ana | ghath, tulh, vandh, vidh | ghatana, tulana, vandana, vedana |
4 | aniy | manh, ramh, drishh, poojh, shru | mananiy, ramaniy, darshaniy, poojaniy, shravaniy |
5 | a | sookh, bhool, jag, pooj, ishh, bhikshh | sookha, bhoola, jaga, pooja, ichchha, bhiksha |
6 | aee | l d, sil, padh, chadh | l daee, silaee, padhaee, chadhaee |
7 | an | u d, mil, dau d | u dan, milan, dau dan |
8 | i | har, gir, dasharath, mala | hari, giri, dasharathi, mali |
9 | iya | chhal, j d, badh, ghat | chhaliya, j diya, badhiya, ghatiya |
10 | it | path, vyatha, phal, pushp | pathit, vyathit, phalit, pushpit |
11 | itr | charh, po, khanh | charitr, pavitr, khanitr |
12 | iyal | a d, mar, s d | a diyal, mariyal, s diyal |
13 | ee | hans, bol, tyajh, ret | hansi, boli, tyagi, reti |
14 | uk | ichchhh, bhikshh | ichchhuk, bhikshuk |
15 | tavy | kri, vachh | kartavy, vaktavy |
16 | ta | a, ja, bah, mar, ga | ata, jata, bahata, marata, gata |
17 | ti | a, pri, shakh, bhaj | ati, priti, shakti, bhakti |
18 | te | ja, kha | jate, khate |
19 | tr | any, sarv, ash | anyatr, sarvatr, astr |
20 | n | krand, vand, mand, khidh, bel, le | krandan, vandan, mandan, khinn, belan, len |
21 | na | padh, likh, bel, ga | padhana, likhana, belana, gana |
22 | m | da, dha | dam, dham |
23 , | y | gadh, padh, kri, pandit, pashchath, danth, oshthh | gady, pady, krity, pandity, pashchaty, danty, oshthy |
24 | ya | mrig, vidh | mrigaya, vidya |
25 | roo | ge | geroo |
26 | vala | dena, ana, padhana | denevala, anevala, padhanevala |
27 | aiya\vaiya | rakh, bach, daant\ga, kha | rakhaiya, bachaiya, dataiya, gavaiya, khavaiya |
28 | har | hona, rakhana, khevana | honahar, rakhanahar, khevanahar |
taddhit pratyay
ve pratyay jo dhatu ko chho dakar any shabdoan- sanjna, sarvanam v visheshan mean ju date haian, taddhit pratyay kahalate haian. taddhit pratyay se bane shabd taddhitaant shabd kahalate haian. jaise- seth + ani = sethani. yahaan ani taddhit pratyay haian tatha sethani taddhitaant shabd hai.
kram | pratyay | shabd | udaharan |
---|---|---|---|
1 | ai | pachhatana, jagana | pachhatai, jagai |
2 | ain | pandit, thakur | panditain, thakurain |
3 | aee | pandit, thakur, l d, chatur, chau da | panditaee, thakuraee, l daee, chaturaee, chau daee |
4 | ani | seth, naukar, math | sethani, naukarani, mathani |
5 | ayat | bahut, panch, apana | bahutayat, panchayat, apanayat |
6 | ar/ara | loha, sona, doodh, gaanv | lohar, sunar, doodhar, ganvar |
7 | ahat | chikana, ghabara, chill, k dava | chikanahat, ghabarahat, chillahat, k davahat |
8 | il | phen, koot, tandr, jata, pank, svapn, dhoom | phenil, kutil, tandril, jatil, pankil, svapnil, dhoomil |
9 | ishth | kanh, varh, guru, bal | kanishth, varishth, garishth, balishth |
10 | ee | sundar, bol, paksh, khet, dholak, tel, dehat | sundari, boli, pakshi, kheti, dholaki, teli, dehati |
11 | een | gram, kul | gramin, kulin |
12 | eey | bhavath, bharat, panini, rashtr | bhavadiy, bharatiy, paniniy, rashtriy |
13 | e | bachcha, lekha, l daka | bachche, lekhe, l dake |
14 | ey | atithi, atri, kuanti, purush, radha | atithey, atrey, kauantey, paurushey, radhey |
15 | el | phul, nak | phulel, nakel |
16 | ait | daka, lathi | dakait, lathait |
17 | era/aira | aandh, saanp, bahut, mama, kaansa, lut | aandhera, sanpera, bahutera, mamera, kasera, lutera |
18 | ola | khat, pat, saanp | khatola, patola, sanpola |
19 | auti | bap, thakur, man | bapauti, thakarauti, manauti |
20 | auta | billa, kajar | bilauta, kajarauta |
21 | k | dham, cham, baith, bal, darsh, dhol | dhamak, chamak, baithak, balak, darshak, dholak |
22 | kar | vishesh, khas | visheshakar, khasakar |
23 | ka | khat, jhat | khataka, jhataka |
24 | ja | bhrata, do | bhatija, dooja |
25 | da, di | cham, bachha, pankh, taang | cham da, bachh da, pankh di, tang di |
26 | t | rang, sang, khap | rangat, sangat, khapat |
27 | tan | ady | adyatan |
28 | tar | guru, shreshth | gurutar, shreshthatar |
29 | tah | aansh, sv | aanshatah, svatah |
30 | ti | kam, badh, chadh | kamati, badhati, chadhati |
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh