ब्रज

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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braj ka parichay / Introduction of Braj

brajamandal

braj shabd ka kal-kramanusar arth vikas hua hai. vedoan aur ramayan-mahabharat ke kal mean jahaan isaka prayog ‘goshth’-'go-sthan’ jaise laghu sthal ke liye hota tha. vahaan pauranik kal mean ‘gop-basti’ jaise kuchh b de sthan ke liye kiya jane laga. us samay tak yah shabd pradeshavayi n hokar kshetravayi hi tha.

bhagavat mean ‘braj’ kshetravayi arth mean hi prayukt hua hai. vahaan ise ek chhote gram ki sanjna di gee hai. usamean ‘pur’ se chhota ‘gram’ aur usase bhi chhoti basti ko ‘braj’ kaha gaya hai. 16vian shatabdi mean ‘braj’ pradeshavayi hokar ‘brajamandal’ ho gaya aur tav usaka akar 84 kos ka mana jane laga tha. us samay mathura nagar ‘braj’ mean sammilit nahian mana jata tha. sooradas tatha any brajabhasha kaviyoan ne ‘braj’ aur mathura ka prithak rup mean hi kathan kiya hai. krishna upasak sampradayoan aur brajabhasha kaviyoan ke karan jab braj sanskriti aur brajabhasha ka kshetr vistrit hua tab braj ka akar bhi suvistrit ho gaya tha. us samay mathura nagar hi nahian, balki usase door-door ke bhoo-bhag, jo braj sanskriti aur braj-bhasha se prabhavit the, vraj antargat man liye gaye the. vartaman kal mean mathura nagar sahit mathura zile ka adhikaansh bhag tatha rajasthan ke dig aur kamavan ka kuchh bhag, jahaan se brajayatra gujarati hai, braj kaha jata hai. braj sanskriti aur braj bhasha ka kshetr aur bhi vistrit hai.

ukt samast bhoo-bhag ke prachin nam, madhuban, shoorasen, madhura, madhupuri, mathura aur mathura mandal the tatha adhunik nam braj ya brajamandal haian. yadyapi inake arth-bodh aur akar-prakar mean samay-samay par antar hota raha hai. is bhoo-bhag ki dharmik, rajanaitik, aitihasik aur sanskritik paranpara atyant gauravapoorn rahi hai.

'vraj' shabd ki paribhasha

mathura ka naksha
Map Of Mathura|thumb|400px

shri shivaram apte ke sanskrit hindi kosh mean 'vraj' shabd ki paribhasha-

vrajh- (bhvadigan parasmaipad vrajati)

  • 1.jana, chalana, pragati karana-navinitarvrajadh dhuryaiah<balloon title="(manusmriti 4 .67)" style="color:blue">*</balloon>
  • 2.padharana, pahuanchana, darshan karana-mamekan sharanan braj-bhagavadgita<balloon title=" (bhagavadgita 18 .66)" style="color:blue">*</balloon>
  • 3.vida hona, seva se nivritt hona, pichhe hatana
  • 4.(samay ka) bitana-iyan vrajati yamini tyaj narendr nidrarasamh vikramaankadevacharit .<balloon title="11 .74, (yah dhatu prayah gamh ya dhatu ki bhaanti prayukt hoti hai)" style="color:blue">*</balloon>
  • anu-
    • 1.bad mean jana, anugaman karana<balloon title="manusmriti 11 .111 ku.7 .38" style="color:blue">*</balloon>
    • 2.abhyas karana, sampann karana
    • 3.sahara lena,
  • a-ana, pahuanchana,
  • pari-bhikshu ya sadhu ke rup mean idhar udhar ghoomana, sannyasi ya parivrajak ho jana,
  • pr-
    • 1.nirvasit hona,
    • 2.sansarik vasanaoan ko chho d dena, chauthe ashram mean pravisht hona, arthath sannyasi ho jana<balloon title="manu.6 .38,8 .363" style="color:blue">*</balloon>

vrajah-(vrajh+k)

  • 1.samuchchay, sangrah, rev d, samooh, netravrajaahpaurajanasy tasminh vihay sarvannripatinnipetuah<balloon title="raghuvansh 6 .7, 7 .67, shishupalavadh 6 .6,14 .33" style="color:blue">*</balloon>
  • 2.gvaloan ke rahane ka sthan
  • 3.goshth, gaushala-shishupalavadh 2 .64
  • 4.avas, vishramasthal
  • 5.s dak, marg
  • 6.badal,
  • 7.mathura ke nikat ek zila.
    • sam॰-agnana,
    • yuvati:-(stri॰) vraj mean rahane vali stri, gvalan-bhami॰ 2|165,
    • ajiram-goshala,
    • kishor:-nath:, mohan:, var:, vallbh: krishna ke visheshan.

vrajanamh (vraj+lyuth)

  • 1.ghoomana, phirana, yatra karana
  • 2.nirvasan, desh nikala

vrajya (vrajh+kyaph+taph)

  • 1.sadhu ya bhikshu ke rup mean idhar udhar ghoomana,
  • 2.akraman, hamala, prasthan,
  • 3.khe d, samuday, janajati ya qabila, sanmpraday,
  • 4.rangabhoomi, natyashala.

prastuti- da.chandrakanta chaudhari

braj kshetr

vistar se padhean braj ka pauranik itihas

braj ko yadi braj-bhasha bolane vale kshetr se paribhashit karean to yah bahut vistrit kshetr ho jata hai. isamean panjab se maharashtr tak aur rajasthan se bihar tak ke log bhi braj bhasha ke shabdoan ka prayog bolachal mean pratidin karate haian. krishna se to poora vishv parichit hai. aisa lagata hai ki braj ki simaaian nirdharit karane ka kary asan nahian hai, phir bhi braj ki simaaian to haian hi aur unaka nirdharan bhi kiya gaya hai. pahale yah pata lagaaian ki braj shabd aya kahaan se aur kitana purana hai?

vartaman mathura tatha usake as-pas ka pradesh, jise braj kaha jata hai; prachin kal mean shoorasen janapad ke nam se prasiddh tha. ee॰ satavian shati mean jab chini yatri huen-saang yahaan aya tab usane likha ki mathura rajy ka vistar 5,000 li (lagabhag 833 mil) tha. dakshin-poorv mean mathura rajy ki sima jejakabhukti (jijhauti) ki pashchimi sima se tatha dakshin-pashchim mean malav rajy ki uttari sima se milati rahi hogi. vartaman samay mean braj shabd se sadharanataya mathura zila aur usake as-pas ka bhoo bhag samajha jata hai. pradesh ya janapad ke roop mean braj ya brij shabd adhik prachin nahian hai. shoorasen janapad ki simaean samay-samay par badalati rahian. isaki rajadhani madhura ya mathura nagari thi. kalaantar mean mathura nam se hi yah janapad vikhyat hua.

vaidik sahity mean isaka prayog pray: pashuoan ke samooh, unake charane ke sthan (gochar bhoomi) ya unake ba de ke arth mean milata hai. ramayan, mahabharat tatha paravarti sanskrit sahity mean bhi pray: inhian arthoan mean braj ka shabd milata hai. puranoan mean kahian-kahian sthan ke arth mean braj ka prayog aya hai, aur vah bhi sanbhavat: gokul ke liye. aisa pratit hota hai ki janapad ya pradesh ke arth mean braj ka vyapak prayog eesvi chaudahavian shati ke bad se prarambh hua. us samay mathura pradesh mean krishna-bhakti ki ek nee lahar uthi, jise janasadharan tak pahuanchane ke liye yahaan ki shauraseni prakrit se ek komal-kaant bhasha ka avirbhav hua. isi samay ke lagabhag mathura janapad ki, jisamean anek van upavan evan pashuoan ke liye b de braj ya charagah the, braj (bhasha mean braj) sanjna prachalit huee hogi. [[chitr:gokul-ghat.jpg|gokul ghat, gokul
Gokul Ghat, Gokul|thumb|250px]] braj pradesh mean avirbhoot nee bhasha ka nam bhi svabhavat: brajabhasha rakha gaya. is komal bhasha ke madhyam dvara braj ne us sahity ki srishti ki jisane apane madhury-ras se bharat ke ek b de bhag ko aplavit kar diya. is varnan se pata chalata hai ki satavian shati mean mathura rajy ke antargat vartaman mathura-agara jiloan ke atirikt adhunik bharatapur tatha dhaulapur zile aur oopar madhyabharat ka uttari lagabhag adha bhag raha hoga. prachin shoorasen ya mathura janapad ka prarambh mean jitana vistar tha usamean huen-saang ke samay tak kya her-pher hote gaye, isake sanbandh mean ham nishchit roop se nahian kah sakate, kyoanki hamean prachin sahity adi mean aise praman nahian milate jinake adhar par vibhinn kaloan mean is janapad ki lambaee-chau daee ka thik pata lag sake.

adhunik simaean

satavian shati ke bad se mathura rajy ki simaean ghatati geean. isaka pradhan karan samip ke kannauj rajy ki unnati thi, jisamean mathura tatha any p dosi rajyoan ke badhe bhoo-bhag sammilit ho gaye. prachin sahityik ullekhoan se jo kuchh pata chalata hai vah yah ki shoorasen ya mathura pradesh ke uttar mean kurudesh (adhunik dilli aur usake as-pas ka pradesh) tha, jisaki rajadhani indraprasth tatha hastinapur thi. dakshin mean chedi rajy (adhunik buandelakhand tatha usake samip ka kuchh bhag) tha, jisaki rajadhani ka nam tha sooktimati nagar. poorv mean panchal rajy (adhunik ruhelakhand) tha, jo do bhagoan mean banta hua tha - uttar panchal tatha dakshin panchal. uttar vale rajy ki rajadhani ahichchhatra (bareli zile mean vartaman ramanagar) aur dakshin vale ki kaanpily (adhunik kanpil, zila pharrookhabad) thi. shoorasen ke pashchim vala janapad matsy (adhunik alavar riyasat tatha jayapur ka poorvi bhag) tha. isaki rajadhani virat nagar (adhunik vairat, jayapur mean) thi.

braj namakaran aur usaka abhipray

[[chitr:Kesi-ghat.jpg|keshi ghat, vrindavan
Keshi Ghat, Vrindavan|thumb|250px|left]] koshakaroan ne braj ke tin arth batalaye haian - (gayoan ka khirak), marg aur vriand (jhuand) - goshthadhvanivaha vraj:<balloon title="(amar kosh) 3-3-30" style="color:blue">*</balloon> isase bhi gayoan se sanbandhit sthan ka hi bodh hota hai. sayan ne samanyat: 'vraj' ka arth goshth kiya hai. goshth ke do prakar haian :- 'khirak`- vah sthan jahaan gayean, bail, bachh de adi ko baandha jata hai. gochar bhoomi- jahaan gayean charati haian. in sab se bhi gayoan ke sthan ka hi bodh hota hai. is sanskrit shabd `vraj` se braj bhasha ka shabd `braj' bana hai.

pauranik sahity mean braj (vraj) shabd goshala, go-sthan, gochar- bhoomi ke arthoan mean prayukt hua, athava gayoan ke khirak (ba da) ke arth mean aya hai. `yan tvaan janaso bhoomi athasancharanti gav ushnamiv vrajan yavishth.' (10 - 4 - 2) arthat - shit se pi dit gayean ushnata prapti ke lie in goshthoan mean pravesh karati haian.`vyoo vrajasy tamaso dvarochchhantiravranchhuchay: pavaka .(4 - 51 - 2) arthat - prajvalit agni 'vraj' ke dvaroan ko kholati hai. yajurved mean gayoan ke charane ke sthan ko `vraj' aur goshala ko goshth kaha gaya hai - `vrajan gachchh goshthanh`<balloon title="(yajurved 1 - 25)" style="color:blue">*</balloon> shukl yajurved mean sundar siango vali gayoan ke vicharan-sthan se `vraj' ka sanket milata hai . atharvaved' mean ek sthan par `vraj' spashtat: goshth ke arth mean prayukt hua hai. `ayan ghasoan ayan vraj ih vatsa nivadhniy:'<balloon title="atharvaved (4 - 38 - 7)" style="color:blue">*</balloon> arthat yah ghas hai aur yah vraj hai jahaan ham bachhadi ko baandhate haian. usi ved mean ek sanpoorn sookt<balloon title="atharvaved(2 - 26 - 1)" style="color:blue">*</balloon> hi goshalaoan se sanbandhit hai. shrimadh bhagavat aur harivansh puran mean `vraj' shabd ka prayog gop-basti ke arth mean hi hua hai, - `vraje vasanh kimakasenh madhuparya ch keshav:'<balloon title="(bhagavath 10 -1-10)" style="color:blue">*</balloon> tad vrajasthanamadhikamh shubhe kananavritamh<balloon title="(harivansh, vishnu parv 6 - 30)" style="color:blue">*</balloon> skand puran mean maharshi shaandily ne `vraj' shabd ka arth `vyapti' karate hue use vyapak brahm ka roop kaha hai,<balloon title="(vaishnav khand bhagavat mahatmy, 1 -16 - 20)" style="color:blue">*</balloon> kiantu yah, arth vraj ki adhyatmikata se sanbandhit hai. kuchh vidvanoan ne nimn sanbhavanaean bhi prakat ki haian -

bauddh kal mean mathura ke nikat `veranj' namak ek sthan tha. kuchh vidvanoan ki prarthana par gautam buddh vahaan padhare the. vah sthan veranj hi kadachit kalaantar mean `viraj' ya `vraj' ke nam se prasiddh ho gaya. yamuna ko `viraja' bhi kahate haian. viraja ka kshetr hone se mathura mandal `viraj' ya `vraj` kaha jane laga. mathura ke yuddhoparaant jab dvarika nasht ho gee, tab shrikrishna ke prapautr vajr(vajranabh) mathura ke raja hue the. unake nam par mathura mandal bhi 'vajr pradesh` ya `vraj pradesh' kaha jane laga.

namakaran se sanbandhit ukt sanbhavanaoan ka bhasha vijnan adi ki drishti se koee pramanik adhar nahian hai, at: unamean se kisi ko bhi svikar karana sanbhav nahian hai. vedoan se lekar puranoan tak braj ka sanbandh gayoan se raha hai; chahe vah gayoan ke baandhane ka ba da ho, chahe goshala ho, chahe gochar - bhoomi ho aur chahe gop - basti ho. bhagavat kar ki drishti mean goshth, gokul aur braj samanarthak shabd haian.

bhagavat ke adhar par sooradas adi kaviyoan ki rachanaoan mean bhi braj isi arth mean prayukt hua hai; isalie `veraj', `viraja' aur `vajr` se braj ka sanbandh jo dana samichin nahian hai. mathura aur usaka nikatavarti bhoo-bhag pragaitihasik kal se hi apane saghan vanoan, vistrit charagahoan, suandar goshthoan or dudharoo gayoan ke lie prasiddh raha hai. bhagavanh shri krishna ka janm yadyapi mathura mean hua tha, tathapi rajanaitik karanoan se unhean gupt riti se yamuna par ki gop-basti (gokul) mean bhej diya gaya tha. unaka shaishav evan balyakal goparaj nand aur unaki patni yashoda ke lalan-palan mean bita tha. unaka sannidhy gopoan, gopiyoan evan go-dhan ke sath raha tha. vastut: vedoan se lekar puranoan tak braj ka sanbandh adhikatar gayoan se raha hai; chahe vah gayoan ke charane ki `gochar bhoomi' ho chahe unhean baandhane ka khirak (ba da) ho, chahe goshala ho, aur chahe gop-basti ho. bhagavatkar ki drishti mean vraj, goshth or gokul samanarthak shabd haian.

vithika

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