कालिदास के काव्य में प्रकृति चित्रण
kalidas ke kavy mean prakriti chitran
| |
| poora nam | mahakavi kalidas |
| janm | 150 varsh eesa poorv se 450 eesavi ke madhy |
| janm bhoomi | uttar pradesh |
| pati/patni | vidyottama |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| karm-kshetr | sanskrit kavi |
| mukhy rachanaean | natak- abhijnan shakuntalamh, vikramorvashiyamh aur malavikagnimitramh; mahakavy- raghuvanshamh aur kumarasanbhavamh, khandakavy- meghadootamh aur rritusanhar |
| bhasha | sanskrit |
| puraskar-upadhi | mahakavi |
| sanbandhit lekh | kalidas ke charitr-chitran, kalidas ki alankar-yojana, kalidas ka chhand vidhan, kalidas ki ras sanyojana, kalidas ka saundary aur prem, kalidas lokachar aur lokatattv |
| any janakari | kalidas shaklo-soorat se suandar the aur vikramadity ke darabar ke navaratnoan mean ek the. lekin kaha jata hai ki praranbhik jivan mean kalidas anapadh aur moorkh the. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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mahakavi kalidas prakriti ke upasak haian. ve prakriti ke annay premi haian, unhoanne aant: prakriti evan bahy prakriti donoan ka chitran kiya hai. unaka yah chitran atmanubhooti evan sookshm nirikshan par adharit hai. yadyapi mahakavi ne kahian-kahian prakriti ka bhayavah roop bhi chitrit kiya, kiantu prakriti ka sukumar roop unhean adhik priy hai.
- prakriti ka chitran
kalidas ne apane samast kavyoan evan natakoan mean prakriti ka niroopan to kiya hi hai, kiantu svatantr roop se prakriti ke chitran ke lie rritusanhar ki rachana ki. rritusanhar mean kavi ne bahy prakritik saundary ke niroopan ki apeksha manav-man par p dane vale prabhavoan ka varnan adhik kiya hai, phir bhi rrituoan ka svatantr chitran unake prakriti-prem ka dyotak hai. rritusanhar ke pratham pady mean grishm rritu ka b da hi sajiv chitran hai-
prachandasoory: sprihaniyachandrama: sadavagahakshatavarisanchay:.
dinaantaramyosbhyupashaantamanmathoan nidadyakalosyamupagat: priye॥[1]
- priye! grishm rritu a gayi hai. soory ki kiranean prachand ho gayi haian. chandrama suhavana lagane laga hai. nirantar snan ke karan kuanoan-talaboan ka jal pray: samapt ho chala hai. sayankal manoram lagane laga hai tatha kam ka veg svayan shaant ho gaya hai. isi prakar kavi ka varsha tatha any rrituoan ka varnan bhi sajivata evan kamaniyata se paripoorn hai. meghadoot mean to kavi ne prakriti evan manav mean tadatmy sthapit kar diya hai. poorvamegh mean pradhanataya prakriti ke bahy roop ka chitran hai, kiantu usamean manaviy bhavanaoan ka sansparsh hai, meghadoot to varsha rritu ki hi upaj hai. vahaan varsha se prabhavit hone vale samast j d-chetan padarthoan ka niroopan hai. megh jis-jis marg se hokar age nikal jata hai us-us marg mean apani chhap chho d jata hai-
nipan drishtva haritakapishan kesarairarddharoodhai-
ravirbhootaprathamamukula: kandalishchanakachchhamh.
jagdhvaranyeshvadhikasurabhian gandhamadhray chorvya:.
sarangaste jalalavamuch: soochayishyanti margamh॥[2]
- jal barasane ke karan pushpit kadamb ko bhramar mast hokar dekh rahe hoange, pratham jal pakar mukulit kandali ko harin kha rahe hoange aur gaj pratham varshajal ke karan prithivi se nikalane vali gandh sooangh rahe hoange-is prakar bhinn-bhinn kriyaoan ko dekhakar megh ke gaman marg ka svat: anuman ho jata hai. prakriti se manushy ka ghanishth sambandh hai. yahi karan hai ki vah manushy ke aant:karan ko prabhavit karati hai. meghadoot mean kavi ne isi tathy ko ujagar kiya-
meghaloke bhavati sukhinosppanyathavritti chet:.
kanthashleshapranayini jane kian punardoorasansthe॥[3]
- megh ko dekh lene par to sukhi arthath sanyogi janoan ka chitt kuchh ka kuchh ho jata hai phir viyogi logoan ka kya kahana. kalidas ne prakriti ko manushy ke sukh-du:kh mean sahabhagini niroopati kiya hai. virahi ram ko lataean apane patte jhuka-jhuka kar sita ke apaharan ka marg batati haian, mrigiyaan darbhakur charana chho dakar b di-b di aankhean dakshin disha ki or lagaye tukur-tukur takati rah jati haian.[4]
- prakriti chetan evan bhavanayukt
- kalidas prakriti ko chetan evan bhavanayukt pate haian. pashu-pakshi adi to chetanavat vyavahar karate hi hai, sampoorn charachar prakriti bhi manav ki bhaanti vyavahar karati dikhayi deti haian. mahakavi ne megh ko doot banakar dhoom, agni, jal, pavan ke sammishran roop j d padarth ko manav bana diya hai. ve prakriti mean n keval manav ki bahya akriti ka arop karate haian apitu usamean sukh:du:khadi bhavoan ki bhi sambhavana karate haian. ve prakriti ko pray: premi athava premika ke roop mean dekhate haian. meghadoot mean ujjayini ki or jate hue megh ko marg mean p dane vali nirvindhya nadi vibhinn hav-bhav se akrisht karegi-
vichikshobhastanitavihagashreni kanchigunaya:
sansarpantya: skhalitasubhagan darshitavartanabhe:.
nirvindhyaya:pathi bhav rasabhyantar: sannipaty
strinamadyan pranayavachanan vibhramo hi priyeshu॥[5]
- he megh! tarangoan ke halachal ke karan shabdayaman pakshiyoan ki pankti roopi karadhani ko dharan karane vali, skhalit pravah ke karan sundaratapoorvak bahane vali arthath mast hokar chalane vali aur bhanvar roop nabhi ko dikhane vali nirvindhya nadi roopi nayika se milakar tum ras avashy prapt karana, kyoanki kaminiyoan ka hav-bhav pradarshan hi ratiprarthana vachan hota hai.
- mahakavi kalidas ne prakriti ke shreshth tattvoan ko grahan kar unaki aprastut roop mean yojana ki hai. ve patroan ko upasthit karane ke lie prakriti ke sundar tattvoan se sadrishy sthapit karate haian. raghuvansh mean raja raghu ke mukh-saundary ke varnan ke lie ve prakriti ke sundaratam evan prasiddh upaman chandr ka ashray lete haian.
prasadasumukhe tasmianshchandre ch vishadaprabhe. tada chakshushmataan pritirasitsamarasa dvayo:॥[6]
- sharad rritu mean raghu ke khile hue mukh aur ujjval chandrama ko dekhakar darshakoan ko ek-sa anand milata tha. kaviyoan ne nari ke sharir ki tulana pray: lata se ki hai, kiantu kumarasambhav mean kalidas parvati ko chalati-phirati evan phooloan se ladi lata ke roop mean dekhate haian-
avarjita kinchidiv stanabhyaan vaso vasana tarunarkaragamh.
paryaptapushpastabakavanamra sancharini pallavini latev॥[7]
- prakriti ka upadeshika roop
mahakavi kalidas prakriti ko upadeshika roop mean bhi pate haian. ve prakriti se prapt hone vale saty ka sthan-sthan par ullekh karate haian jo manav jivan ka marg-nirdesh karati hai evan adarsh upasthapit karati hai. megh bina kuchh kahe chatakoan ko varsha jal pradan kar unaka upakar karata hai-
ni:shabdospi pradishasi jalan yachitashchatakebhy:.
pratyukt hi pranayishu satamipsitarthakriyaiv॥[8]
- papihe ke jal maangane par megh bina uttar diye unhean sidhe jal de deta hai. sajjanoan ka yah svabhav hota hai ki jab unase kuchh maanga jay to ve muanh se kuchh kahe bina, kam poora karake hi uttar de dete haian.
- raghuvansh mean kalidas ko jal ke svabhav se shiksha milati hai. jal to prakritya shital hai, ushn vastu ke sampark se bhale hi kuchh kshan ke lie jal mean ushnata utpann ho jae. isi prakar mahatma bhi prakriti se kshamashil hote haian, aparadh karane par ve kuchh kshan ke lie hi udvign hote haian-
s chanunit: pranaten pashchanmaya maharshirmudatamagachchhath.
ushnatvamagnyatapasamprayogachchhaityan hi yath sa prakritirjalasy॥[9]
prakriti ke sahaj saundary, manaviy rag, komal bhavanaoan tatha kalpana ke navanavonmesh ka jo roop kumarasambhav ke ashtam sarg mean milata hai, vah bharatiy sahity ka shikhar kaha ja sakata hai. kavi ne sandhya aur ratri ka varnan himalay ke pavan pradesh mean shikh ke garimamay vachanoan ke dvara parvati ko sambodhit karate hue karaya hai, aur prasang, patr, deshakal ke anuroop prakriti ka itana udatt aur kamaniy varnan vishv sahity mean durlabh kaha ja sakata hai. pashchim mean doobate soory ki rashmiyaan sarovar ke jal mean lambi-lambi hokar pratibimbit ho rahi hai, to lagata hai ki apani sudirgh parachhaiyoan ke dvara vivasvan bhagavan ne jal mean sone ke setubandh rach dale ho.[10]
- vriksh ke shikhar par baitha mayoor dhalate soory ke ghatate chale jate sone ke jaise gauramandalayukt atap ko baitha pi raha hai.[11]
- poorv mean aandhera badh raha hai, akash ke sarovar se soory ne jaise ataparoopi jal ko sokh liya, to is sarovar ke ek kone mean jaise kich d oopar a gaya ho.[12]
- soory ke kiranoan ka jal samet liya hai, to himalay ke nirjharo par aankit indradhanush dhire-dhire mitate ja rahe haian.[13]
kamal ka kosh band ho raha hai, par bhitar pravesh karate bhramar ko sthan dene ke lie kamal jaise muandate-muandate thahar gaya hai.[14]
- ast hote soory ki kiranean badaloan par p d rahi haian, unaki noankean rakt, pit aur kapish ho gayi haian, jaise sandhya ne parvati ko dikhane ke liye toolika utha kar un par rang-birangi chhaviyaan uker di hoan.[15]
ast hote soory ne apana atap sianhoan ke kesar aur vrikshoan ke kisalayoan ko jaise baant diya hai.[16]
- sooryast hone par tamalapankti sandhyaroopi nadi ka tat ban jati hai aur dhatuoan ka ras usaka jalapravah[17] oopar, niche,age, pichhe jahaan dekho aandhera hi aankhoan mean bharata hai, timir ke ulb mean lipata sansar jaise garbhasth ho gaya ho.[18]
- kalidas ki kalpana khetoan aur khalihanoan mean ramati hai, prakriti ke sahaj saundary ka manav-saundary se aur kritrim saj-sajja se utkrisht pati hai. kumarasambhav mean chandrama ki kiranoan ke liye jau ke taja aankur ka upaman dekar unhoanne manoan svarg ko dharati se mila diya hai-
shakyamoshadhipaternavodaya: karnapoorachanakrite tav.
apragalbhayavasoochikomalashchhettumagranakhasamputai: kara॥[19]
- kahian par shiv ko vrikshoan ki tahaniyoan se bichhal (phisal) kar chhn-chhan kar dharati par girati chaandani ke thakke vrikshoan se tapak p de phooloan se lagate haian, jinhean utha-utha kar parvati ke keshoan mean sajane ka unaka man hone lagata hai-
shakyamangulibhirutthitairadh: shakhina patitapushpapeshalai:.
patrajarjarashashiprabhalavairebhirutkachayituan tavalakanh॥[20]
- prakriti mean manaviy rag, karuna aur hriday ki komalata ke darshan kalidas apani vishvadrishti ke dvara hi kar sake haian. aandhera ratri ramani ka ju da hai, jise chandrama apane karoan se bikher deta hai, aur phir us ramani ke saroj lochan vale mukh ko utha kar vah choom leta hai-
angulibhiriv keshasanchayan sannigrihy timiran marichibhi:.
kudamalikritasarojalochan chumbativ rajanimukhan shashi॥[21]
- utpreksha aur svabhavokti utkrisht sansrishti kavi ne is prakar ke prakriti-chitranoan mean ki hai. ukt pady mean 'kudamalikritasarojalochanan' kamini ka lajja se netr mooandane ka chitr hone se vallabhadev ke anusar svabhavokti hai, jabaki 'chumbativ' mean samasokti tatha utpreksha donoan alankar a gaye haian.
- mahakavi kalidas ne yadyapi pray: prakriti ke komal roop ka chitran kiya hai, kiantu kumarasambhav ke varsha chitran mean bhayavahata darshaniy hai-
ghorandhakaranikarapratimo yugaant-
kalanalaprabaladhoomanibho nabhosante.
garjaravairvighatayannavanidharanaan
shringani meghanivaho ghanamujjagam॥[22]
- kartikey ke varunastr chalate hi bhayankar aandhera karati huee pralay ki ag se uthe hue dhuane ke saman aisi kali-kali ghatayean akash mean chha gayian jinake garjan se paha d ki chotiyoan tak dararean p d gayian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.1 rritusanhar
- ↑ 1,22, meghadoot
- ↑ 1.3, meghadoot
- ↑ raghuvansh mahakavy 13.24, 25
- ↑ 1.29, meghadoot
- ↑ 4.18 raghuvansh
- ↑ 3.54 kumarasambhav
- ↑ 2.57
- ↑ 5.54 raghuvansh
- ↑ pashy pashchimadigantalambina nirmit mitakathe vivasvata.
dirghaya pratimaya sarombhayaan tapaniyamiv setubandhanamh॥ kumarasambhav 8.34 - ↑ esh vrikshashikhare kritaspado jatarooparasagauramandalamh.
hiyamanamaharatyayatapan pivaroru pibativ barhin:॥ kumarasambhav, 8.36 - ↑ poorvabhagatimirapravrittibhirvyaktapankamiv jatamekat:.
khan hritatapajalan vivasvata bhati kinchidiv sheshavatsar:॥kumarasambhav - 8.37 - ↑ shikaravyatikaran marichibhirdoorayatyavanate vivasvati.
indrachapariveshashoonyataan nirjharastav piturvrajantyami॥kumarasambhav -8.31 - ↑ shikaravyatikaran marichibhirdoorayatyavanate vivasvati.
indrachapariveshashoonyataan nirjharastav piturvrajantyami॥kumarasambhav -8.39 - ↑ shikaravyatikaran marichibhirdoorayatyavanate vivasvati.
indrachapariveshashoonyataan nirjharastav piturvrajantyami॥kumarasambhav -8.45 - ↑ shikaravyatikaran marichibhirdoorayatyavanate vivasvati.
indrachapariveshashoonyataan nirjharastav piturvrajantyami॥-8.46 - ↑ kumarasambhav 8.53
- ↑ kumarasambhav8.54
- ↑ -8.62,kumarasambhav
- ↑ -8.72 kumarasambhav
- ↑ -8.63, kumarasambhav
- ↑ 17.41, kumarasambhav
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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