मेवाड़ के लोक संस्कार

meva d apane prarambhik samay se hi samajik evan dharmik roodhiyoan mean jak da raha tha. in roodhiyoan ne kee samajik-dharmik sanskaroan ko janm diya tatha unhean samaj mean ek sthan diya. yahaan prachalit solah sanskaroan mean se kuchh sanskar nimnalikhit the-

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1. vivah
2. mritak sanskar
3. puansavan
4. simantonnayan
5. jatakarm
6. namakaran
7. annaprashan
8. choo dakaran

uparokt sanskaroan mean vivah tatha mritak sanskar samajik jivan ke abhinn aang the. any sanskaroan ka samaj par utana prabhav nahian tha. parantu 19vian sadi ke uparant dhire-dhire sanskaroan ka vaidik svaroop lok sanskaroan mean parivartit hone laga tha tatha lambe samay tak vyavahar mean ate-ate dharmik prathaoan ka roop grahan kar chuka tha.

vivah sanskar

meva d mean sanyukt parivar vyavastha mean vivah sanskar ek dharmik tatha samajik dayitv samajha jata tha. prayah parivar ke mukhiya hi vaivahik sanbandh tay karate the. kanya ke parivar vale apani sthiti se uchch tatha pratishthit parivar mean sanbandh karane ki lalasa rakhate the. sadharanat: apani jati ke andar hi vivah karane ki pratha prachalit thi, kintu nimn jatiyoan mean is prakar ka koee kathor pratibandh nahian tha. sagaee ke samay hi dahej dene ka prachalan tha. yah pratha pahale shasak evan kulin varg tak hi simit thi, kintu 11vian sadi mean isaka prabhav samooche meva di jan-jivan par drishtigat hone laga tha. isi pratha ka parinam tha ki parivar mean l daki ka janm abhishap samajha jane laga tatha kanya-vadh ki amanaviy parampara ka prachalan hua. bhil, grasiya tatha mina jaisi janajatiyoan mean jivan sathi chunane ki svachchhand parampara thi, atah unamean sagaee pratha ka adhik prachalan nahian tha. sagaee ke bad jyotish athava pandit se vivah ka shubh muhoort nishchit kiya jata tha. varsha rritu mean vivah nahian kiye jate the. janmashtami, basant panchami aur akshay tritiya ke lie muhoort poochhane ki avashyakata nahian thi.

vivah ka din nishchit ho jane se lekar barat ki vidaee tak alag-alag jatiyoan mean vibhinn prakar ke riti-rivajoan ka palan kiya jata tha. barat ki vidaee ke poorv dahej diya jata tha, jisaka samajik pradarshan kiya jata tha. isake sath hi jati panchayat ke samajik neg v dastoor ka len den hota tha aur amal-pani ka pan kiya jata tha. vivah ki kriya mean donoan parivaroan dvara jyotish, naee, dholi, suthar, soni, charan-bhat adi ko neg diya jata tha. sampoorn kriya se pratit hota hai ki 19vian sadi mean vivah jaise pavitr sanskar mean dhan sambandhi len-den ne atyadhik mahatv prapt kar liya tha. kabhi-kabhi sagaee tay kar dene ke bad bhi adhik dhan milane ki sanbhavana hone par sagaee sanbandh to d diya jata tha, aur l daki ka vivah doosari jagah kar diya jata tha. dvij jatiyoan, brahman, kshatriy aur vaishy mean vidhava-vivah dharm-viruddh samajha jata tha, kiantu vidhur purush punarvivah kar sakate the. doosari taraf nimn jatiyoan mean 'dapa pratha' prachalit thi, jisamean pati ki mrityuparaant ya jivit avastha mean bhi stri punarvivah kar sakati thi. 'dapa pratha' ke antargat ghumakk d tatha adivasi jatiyaan 'vadhoo mooly' chukati thian. dahej athava dapa nahian juta pane ki sthiti mean 'ata-sata pratha' dvara vivah sampann hota tha. samaj mean 'bal vivah' ka prachalan bhi tha. yadyapi british sarakar ne 'bal vivah' tatha 'anamel vivah' ko rokane ka prayatn kiya tha, kintu aandhavishvas v samajik arthik paristhitiyoan ne is pratha ko lanbe samay tak jivit rakha. kulin aur abhijat varg mean bahuvivah tatha upapatni (rakhail) rakhane ki pratha ka bhi prachalan tha. yadyapi samaj ke any vargoan mean bhi rakhail stri rakhane par koee pratibandh nahian tha, tathapi isaka adhik prachalan sanpann logoan ke bich hi tha.

vivah ka mukhy samajik-dharmik lakshy santanotpatti karana tha. vayask vivahita ke vivahoparaant do-tin varsh mean yadi santanotpatti ke chihn dikhaee nahian dete the to use baanjh stri ki sanjna di jati thi aur baanjh stri ka samajik samman kam ho jata tha. aisi striyoan ko parivar mean prata danaoan ka jivan vyatit karana p data tha. putr prapti ki utkrisht lalasa ke karan striyaan jadoo-tonoan, tantr-mantr, aandhavishvasoan tatha anacharoan mean phans jati thian. natayat jatiyoan mean to putr utpann n hone par vivah-vichchhed tak ho jate the. samaj mean is vivah-vichchhed ko 'luang da-pha dana' kaha jata tha. kiantu yadi kisi stri ne putr ko janm diya hai to usaki samajik pratishtha ka star badh jata tha. parivar mean harsh aur ullas phail jata tha. sanpann evan dhani parivar ke log is avasar par pritibhoj ka ayojan kar dan-puny karate the. doosari or arthik drishti se kamazor parivaroan mean kaanse ki thali bajakar tatha gu d baantakar apani prasannata prakat ki jati thi. shishu ke janmotsav ke bad any lok sanskaroan ka bhi palan kiya jata tha.

mritak sanskar

meva d mean aantyeshti sanskar bhi ek mahattvapoorn samajik kriya thi. hindoo dharm ki manyatanusar manushy paralok mean aantyeshti sanskar ki shuddhata dvara hi sukh bhogata hai aur jab tak usaka moksh nahian ho jata, usaki atma bhatakati rahati hai tatha jivit praniyoan ko kasht deti hai. bhil, mina v gramiya jati mean bhi yah manyata thi ki achchhi aur buri atma dvara jivit vyaktiyoan ko labh aur hani di ja sakati hai. atah alag-alag jatiyoan mean mritak sanskar ke prithak-prithakh rivajoan ki parampara hote hue bhi sanskar ki shuddhata sabhi jatiyoan mean mahattvapoorn mani jati thi. meva di samaj mean is sanskar ka palan karana anivary tha, anyatha samaj isake lie vyakti athava parivar ko badhy karata tha. kisi vyakti ki mrityu nikat pratit hone par use khat ya palang se utar kar gobar pute pharsh par sulaya jata tha. usake sanbandhi gita athava ramayan ka path sunate hue muanh mean gangajal ya tulasi ka patta dalate the. sath hi shastranusar das dan- gau, bhoomi, til, svarn, ghrit, vastr, dhan, gu d, chaandi v namak ka arthik sthiti ke anusar sankalp karate the. mrityu ke pashchath samriddh mritak ko arthi ke sath-sath usake sambandhi rupaya, paisa, moti, kau diyaan tatha ann uchhalate the aur arthik drishti se kamazor parivar vale nariyal ke tuk de sath kau diyaan uchhalate the. shmashan ghat mean manyatanusar mritak ko jalaya athava ga da jata tha. meva d mean abhijat varg ka shmashan ghat "mahasatya" kahalata tha. meva d mean yah parampara rahi hai ki kisi maharana ki mrityu ho jane par usake uttaradhikari svargiy maharana ki dah kriya mean sammilit nahian hota tha. jan sadharan mean barah din ka ashauch rakha jata tha.

dvij jatiyoan mean dasavean din mritak ke jyeshth putr dvara pindadan kiya jata tha aur mritak ke purush rishtedar, jo umr mean mritak se chhote hote the, sir k bal, dadhi aur mooanchh mundavakar bhadar hote the. barahavean din mritak bhoj ka ayojan kiya jata tha tatha pag di ki rasm ada ki jati thi. samaj mean mritak bhoj ka ayojan maharog ke saman vyapak tha. samajik dabav aur lok bhay ke karan nirdhan logoan ko karz lekar bhi mritak bhoj ka ayojan karana p data tha aur ve jivan bhar rrin nahian chuka pate the. rajy ke uchchadhikari athava kripa patroan ko mritak bhoj ke lie rajy ki or se dravy evan naqad sahayatarth diya jata tha. mrityu ke ek varsh bad shraddh karm kiya jata tha. abhijat evan sanpann varg dvara yah shraddh karm haridvar, gaya athava banaras mean kiya jata tha ya phir kabhi tirthayatra ke avasar par ise poorn kiya jata tha. shraddh ke avasar par dan-puny karane ka bhi niyam prachalan mean tha. adivasi jatiyoan mean shraddh ki paranpara chalan mean nahian thi.

dakan pratha

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meva di dalit samaj mean, visheshakar bhil, mina adi rudhivadi jatiyoan mean 'dakan pratha' namak kupratha prachalit thi. adivasi jatiyoan mean yah aandhavishvas vyapt tha ki mrit vyakti ki atript atma jivit vyaktiyoan ko kasht pahuanchati hai. aisi atma yadi purush ke sharir mean pravesh karati hai, to use 'bhoot lagana' tatha stri ke sharir mean pravesh karane par use 'chu dail lagana' kaha jata tha. chu dail prabhavit stri ko dakan kaha jata tha. dakan ghoshit kar di gee stri samaj ke lie abhishap samajhi jati thi. atah us stri ko jivit jalakar ya sir katakar ya pit-pitakar mar diya jata tha. rajy dvara bhi dakan ghashit stri ko mrityu dand diya jata tha.

kanya vadh

18vian aur 19vian shatabdi ke madhy tak meva d mean 'kanya vadh' ki pratha simit matra mean prachalit thi, lekin dhire-dhire is ghrinit krity ne ganbhir roop dharan kar liya. yahaan tak ki kuchh had tak ye kupratha parampara ka ek hissa ban gee. kanya vadh ki parampara ki utpatti ka sarvapramukh karan tha- "kanya ke vivah ki samasya". kisi bhi kanya ka vivah apane se uchch kul athava khaanp mean kiya jana uchit mana jata tha. koee bhi rajapoot apane sampoorn kul ke sadasyoan ko bhaee-bahan ke roop mean manate the, atah apane kul mean shadi nahian kar sakate the. apane se nimn kul mean kanya vivah samaj mean pratishtha ke viruddh mana jata tha. uchchochch vansh vivah ki parampara ke karan vaivahik sambandhoan ka kshetr kafi simit ho gaya. uchch gharane mean vivah karana kharchila tha. unake anuroop dahej tatha tyag ke kharche jutane mean log arthik roop se pangu ho jate the. meva d par marathoan ke atikraman v lootamar ke karan janata ki arthik sthiti pahale se hi dayaniy thi. is prakar paristhitivash rajapootoan ne kanya vadh ka vikalp chuna. kiantu yah ullekhaniy hai ki khud maharanaoan v samantoan ne is pratha ko nahian apanaya tha. prarambh mean kanya vadh ki pratha ke viruddh koee dhyan nahian diya gaya. vaise to adhikaansh rajapoot kanya vadh ke virodhi the, lekin is paramparagat pratha ko samapt karane ke lie koee bhi vyakti pahal karane ko taiyar nahian tha. meva d ke maharana ne sarvapratham 1834 ee. mean mina jati ke lie kanya vadh ko gair qanooni ghoshit kar diya. samasya ki jatilata ko dekhate hue punah 24 mee, 1844 ee. ko sabhi jatiyoan ke lie is pratha ko gair qanooni ghoshit kar diya gaya. lekin chooanki kanya vadh ki parampara logoan ki manahsthiti se ju di thi, atah shishu vadh ki ghatanaoan mean dhire-dhire kami to aee, lekin ise poori tarah samapt nahian kiya ja saka.

tyag pratha

meva d mean rajapoot jati mean vivah ke avasar par rajy ke tatha rajy ke bahar ke charan-bhat, dholi a jate the tatha muanh maangi dan-dakshina prapt karane ka hath karate the. charanoan, bhatoan v dholiyoan ko di jane vali yah dan dakshina "tyag" kahalati thi. isi prakar any dvij jatiyoan mean kumhar, mali, naee adi neg liya karate the. muanh maangi dan dakshina nahian milane par us parivar ka samajik upahas kiya jata tha. charanoan ki maang poorti ke lie vyakti ko asahy vyay-bhar uthana p data tha. l daki ke pita ke lie to yah vyay-bhar aur bhi adhik ho jata tha. ek taraf jab kanya-vadh ki pratha ko gair qanooni ghoshit kar diya gaya tha, tab use saphal banane ke lie is tyag samasya ka hal karana avashyak ho gaya tha. 'tyag pratha' ke antargat adhikatam tyag ki rashi dekar log apani pratishtha v arthik sthiti ko oopar dikhane ki koshish karate the. aur isi tarah ke ahan pradarshan ki pratisparddha ke karan yah pratha atyant hi vikrit roop dharan karane lagi thi.

sarvapratham 1841 ee. mean jab jodhapur rajy ne tyag ke sambandh mean niyam banaye, tab british sarakar ne rajapootana ke any shasakoan ko bhi is prakar ke niyam jari karane ke sambandh mean vishesh kharite bheje. isake phalasvaroop maharana saradar sianh ne 1844 ee. mean tatha maharana svaroopasianh ne 1855 ee. v 1860 ee. mean tyag karane tatha samajik-arthik pradarshanoan ki pratisparddha rokane ke lie rajakiy adesh jari kiye. in adeshoan ke aantargat doosare rajyoan ke charan-bhatoan ko udayapur ane se rok laga diya gaya aur udayapur ke charan-bhatoan ka any rajyoan mean tyag maangane ke lie jane par pratibandh laga diya gaya. in adeshoan se tyag ki samasya kafi aanshoan tak hal ho gayi. 1888 ee. mean rajapootana ke e. ji. ji. karnal vajtar ne rajapootoan v charanoan mean prachalit samajik-arthik pratispardha ko rokane, shadi aur garmi mean hone vale kharche mean kami karane, l dake-l dakiyoan ki vivah yogy ayu ka niyaman kar anamel vivah ki bhavana jagrit karane adi ke liye valtar krit 'rajapootr hitakarini sabha' ki sthapana ki. is sabha ki pratham baithak ajamer mean 1888 ee. mean huee, jisamean prastav parit kiya gaya ki charan-bhatoan v dholiyoan ko tyag keval l dake ke pita dvara kiya jayega tatha pratyek rajapootr jagiradar v shasak apane jyeshth putr ke pratham vivah par apani varshik ay ke nauan pratishat se adhik tyag nahian dega aur doosare putroan v bhaiyoan ke vivah par ek pratishat se adhik tyag nahian dega. is sabha ki baithak prati varsh ajamer mean hone lagi, jisamean pratyek rajy mean gathit sthaniy samitiyoan ki riportoan par vichar kiya jata tha. yah sthaniy samitiyaan apane-ap rajyoan mean sabha ke nirnay lagoo karavati thian tatha nirnayoan ki avahelana karane valoan ko chetavani athava dand deti thian. sabha ki karyavahiyoan ka labh rajapoot jatiyoan ke sath any jatiyaan bhi uthane lagian tatha un jatiyoan ke samajik-arthik vyay par niyantran karane ke liye niyamoan ka nirman kiya gaya. 19vian shatabdi ke uttarardh aur 20vian shatabdi ke ate-ate sudharoan ke parinam drishtigat hone lage.

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