गंगा नदी

[[chitr:Haridwar.jpg|ganga nadi, haridvar
Ganga River, Haridwar|thumb]] bharat ki sabase mahattvapoorn nadi ganga, jo bharat aur baangladesh mean milakar 2,510 kimi ki doori tay karati huee uttaraanchal mean himalay se lekar bangal ki kha di ke suandaravan tak vishal bhoo bhag ko sianchati hai, desh ki prakritik sanpada hi nahian, jan jan ki bhavanatmak astha ka adhar bhi hai. 2,071 ki.mi tak bharat tatha usake bad baangladesh mean apani lanbi yatra karate hue yah sahayak nadiyoan ke sath das lakh varg kilomitar kshetraphal ke ati vishal upajaoo maidan ki rachana karati hai. samajik, sahityik, saanskritik aur arthik drishti se atyant mahattvapoorn ganga ka yah maidan apani ghani janasankhya ke karan bhi jana jata hai. 100 phit (31 mi) ki adhikatam gaharaee vali yah nadi bharat mean pavitr mani jati hai tatha isaki upasana maan aur devi ke roop mean ki jati hai. apane sauandary aur mahattv ke karan ek or jahaan puran aur sahity mean isaka ullekh bar bar milata hai, vahian videshi sahity mean bhi ganga nadi ke prati prashansa aur bhavukatapoorn varnanoan ki kami nahian.

is nadi mean machhaliyoan tatha sarpoan ki anek prajatiyaan to paee hi jati haian mithe pani vale durlabh dalaphin bhi pae jate haian. yah krishi, paryatan, sahasik kheloan tatha udyogoan ke vikas mean mahattvapoorn yogadan deti hai tatha apane tat par base shaharoan ki jalapoorti bhi karati hai. isake tat par vikasit dharmik sthal aur tirth bharatiy samajik vyavastha ke vishesh aang haian. isake oopar bane pul, baandh aur nadi pariyojanaean bharat ki bijali, pani aur krishi se sanbandhit zarooratoan ko poora karati haian. vaijnanik manate haian ki is nadi ke jal mean baiktiriyophej namak vishanu hote haian, jo jivanuoan v any hanikarak sookshmajivoan ko jivit nahian rahane dete haian. ganga ki is asimit shuddhikaran kshamata aur samajik shraddha ke bavajood isaka pradooshan roka nahian ja saka hai. phir bhi isake prayatn jari haian aur safaee ki anek pariyojanaoan ke kram mean navanbar,2008 mean bharat sarakar dvara ise bharat ki rashtriy nadi tatha ilahabad aur haldiya ke bich (1600 kilomitar) ganga nadi jalamarg- ko rashtriy jalamarg ghoshit kiya hai.

udgam aur path

ganga ka udgam sthal himalay parvat ki dakshin shreniyaan haian. pravah ke praranbhik charan mean bharat ke uttarakhand rajy mean do nadiyaan alakananda v bhagirathi nikalati haian. alakananda ki sahayak nadi dhauli, vishnu ganga tatha mandakini hai. bhagirathi gomukh sthan se 25 ki.mi. lambe gangotri himanad se nikalati hai. bhagirathi v alakananda dev prayag mean sangam karati hai yahaan se vah ganga ke rup mean pahachani jati hai. bharat ke vishal maidani ilake se hokar bahati huee ganga bangal ki kha di mean bahut si shakhaoan mean vibhajit hokar milati hai. inamean se ek shakha ka nam hugali nadi bhi hai jo kolakata ke pas bahati hai, doosari shakha padma nadi baangladesh mean pravesh karati hai. is nadi ki poori lanbaee lagabhag 2507 kilomitar hai. ganga aur bangal ki kha di ke milan sthal par banane vale muhane ko suandaravan ke nam se jana jata hai jo vishv ki bahut si prasiddh vanaspatiyoan aur prasiddh bangal taeegar ka nivas sthan hai. yamuna nadi yoan to apane ap mean ek svatantr aur b di nadi hai, kintu ye ganga mean prayag yani ilahabad mean akar milati hai .

pramukh tirthasthan

raja bhagirath tapasya karake ganga ko prithvi par laye the. yah katha bhagavat puran mean vistar se haian. adity puran ke anusar prithvi par gangavataran vaishakh shukl tritiya ko tatha himalay se ganganirgaman jyeshth shukl dashami (gangadashahara) ko hua tha. isako dashahara isalie kahate hai ki is din ka gangasnan das papoan ko harata hai. kee pramukh tirthasthan-haridvar, gadhamukteshvar, soroan, prayag, kashi adi isi ke tat par sthit hai. rrigved ke nadisooktke anusar ganga bharat ki kee prasiddh nadiyoan mean se sarvapratham hai. mahabharat tatha padmapuranadi mean ganga ki mahima tatha pavitr karanevali shaktiyoan ki vistarapoorvak prashansa ki gayi hai. skandhapuran ke kashikhandmean isake sahastr namoan ka ullekh hai.

vanaparv mean ganga

isake bhautik tatha adhyatmik donoan roopoan ki or vidvanoan ne sanket kiye hai. at: ganga ka bhautik roop ke sath ek paramarthik roop bhi hai. vanaparv ke anusar yadyapi kurukshetr mean snan karake manushy puny ko prapt kar sakata hai, par kanakhal aur prayag ke snan mean apekshakrit adhik visheshata hai. prayag ke snan ko sabase adhik pavitr mana gaya hai. yadi koee vyakti saik doan pap karake bhi ganga (prayag) mean snan kar le to usake sabhi pap dhul jate hai. isamean snan karane ya isaka jal pine se poorvajoan ki satavian pidhi tak pavitr ho jati hai. gangajal manushy ki asthiyoan ko jitani hi der tak sparsh karata hai use utani hi adhik svarg mean prasannata ya pratishtha prapt hoti hai. jin-jin sthanoan se hokar ganga bahati hai un sthanoan ko isase sanbaddh hone ke karan poorn pavitr mana gaya hai.

---

ganga tumari saanch b daee. ek sagar-sut-hit jag aee tarayau॥ nam let jal piat ek tum tarat kul akulaee. 'harichandr' yahi tean to siv rakhi sis chadhaee॥ -bharatendu harishchandr (krishna-charitr, 37) ganga ki pavitrata mean koee vishvas nahian karane jata. ganga ke nikat pahuanch jane par anayas, vah vishvas pata nahian kahaan se a jata hai. -lakshminarayan mishr (garu dadhvaj, pri0 79)

• gitamean bhagavanh shrikrishna ne apane ko nadiyoan mean ganga kaha hai.
• manusmritimean ganga aur kurukshetr ko sabase adhik pavitr sthan mana gaya hai.
• puranoan mean ganga ki tin dharaoan ka ullekh haian—svargaganga (mandakini), bhooganga (bhagirathi) aur patalaganga (bhogavati). puranoan mean bhagavanh vishnu ke bayean charan ke aangoothe ke rakh se ganga ka janm aur bhagavanh shankar ki jataoan mean usaka vilayan bataya gaya hai.
• vishnupuranmean likha hai ki ganga ka nam lene, sunane, use dekhane, usaka jal pine, sparsh karane, usamean snan karane matr se sau yojan se bhi 'ganga' nam ka uchcharan karane matr se manushy ke tin janmoan tak ke pap nasht ho jate hai.
• bhavishyapuranmean bhi yahi kaha hai.
• matsy, garood aur padmapuranoan ke anusar haridvar, prayag aur ganga ke samudrasangam mean snan karane se manushy karane par svarg pahuanch jata hai aur phir kabhi utpann nahian hota. use nirvan ki prapti ho jati hai. manushy ganga ke mahattv ko manata ho ya n manata ho yadi vah ganga ke samip laya jay aur vahian mrityu ko prapt ho to bhi vah svarg ko jata hai aur narak nahian dekhata.
• varahapuranmean ganga ke nam ko 'gamh gata' (jo prithvi ko chali gayi hai) ke roop mean vivechit kiya gaya hai.
• padmapuranke anusar ganga sabhi prakar ke patitoan ka uddhar kar deti hai. kaha jata hai ki ganga mean snan karate samay vyakti ko ganga ke sabhi namoan ka uchcharan karana chahie. use jal tatha mitti lekar ganga se yachana karani chahie ki ap mere papoan ko door kar tinoan lokoan ka uttam marg prashast karean. buddhimanh vyakti hath mean darbh lekar pitaroan ki santushti ke lie ganga se prarthana kare. isake bad use shraddha ke sath soory bhagavanh ko kamal ke phool tatha akshat ityadi samarpan karana chahie. use yah bhi kahana chahie ki ve usake doshoan ko door karean.
• kashikhandmean kaha gaya hai ki jo log ganga ke tat par kh de hokar doosare tirthoan ki prashansa karate hai aur apane man mean uchch vichar nahian rakhate, ve narak mean jate haian. kashikhandmean yah bhi kaha gaya hai ki shukl pratipada ko gangasnan nityasnan se sau guna, sankranti ka snan sahastr guna, chandr-sooryagrahan ka snan lakh guna labhadayak hai. chandragrahan somavar ko tatha sooryagrahan ravivar ko p dane par us din ka gangasnan asankhy guna punyakarak hai.

bhavishyapuran mean ganga ke nimnaankit roop ka dhyan karane ka vidhan hai:

sitamakaranishannaan shuklavarnaan trinetramh

karadhritakamalodyatsootpalaabhityabhishtamh .

vidhiharihararoopaan sendukotirachoodamh

kalitasitadukoolaan jahnavian taan namami ॥

ganga ke smaran aur darshan ka bahut b da phal batalaya gaya hai:

drishta tu harate papan sprishta tu tridivan nayeth.

prasageannapi ya ganga mokshada tvavagahita ॥

ganga-kathayean

[[chitr:Haridwar1.jpg|ganga nadi, haridvar
Ganga River, Haridwar|thumb]] shiv ne brahma ke dosh ke nivaran ke lie ganga ko jutaya tha. kiantu svayan us par mohit ho gaye. shiv use nirantar apani jataoan mean chhipakar rakhate the. parvati atyant kshubdh thi tatha use sautavat manati thi. parvati ne apane donoan putroan tatha ek kanya ganesh, skand tatha jaya ko bulakar is vishay mean bataya. ganesh ne ek upay socha. un dinoan samast bhoomandal par akal ka prakop tha. ekamatr gautam rrishi ke ashram mean khady padarth the kyoanki us ashram ki sthapana us paha d par ki gayi thi jahaan pahale shiv tapasya kar chuke the. anek brahman unaki sharan mean pahuanche hue the. ganesh ne svayan brahman vesh dharan kiya to jaya ko gay ka roop dharan karane ko kaha, sath hi use adesh diya ki vah ashram mean jakar gehooan ke paudhe khana aranbh kare, rokane par behosh hokar gir jaye. vahaan pahuanchakar un donoan ne vaisa hi kiya. muni ne tinake se gay ko hatane ka prayas kiya to vah j davath gir gayi. brahmanoan ke sath ganesh ne gautam ke pap-karm ki or sanket kar turant ashram chho dane ki ichchha prakat ki. gohatya ke pap se dukhi gautam ne poochha ki pap ka nirakaran kaise kiya jaye. ganesh ne kaha-" shiv ki jataoan mean ganga ka punit jal hai, tapasya karake unhean prasann karo. ganga ko parvat par lao aur is goo par chhi dako. is prakar pap-shaman hone par hi ham sab yahaan rah sakeange." gautam tapasyarat ho gaye. usase prasann hokar shiv apani jataoan mean sameti huee ganga ka ek aansh use pradan kar diya. gautam ne yah bhi var maanga ki vah dharati par sagar se milane se poorv atyant pavan rahegi tatha sabake papoan ka nash karane vali hogi. gautam ganga ko lekar brahm giri pahuanche. vahaan sabane ganga ki pooja-archana ki. ganga ne gautam se poochha-"maian devalok jaooan? kamandal mean athava rasatal mean?" gautam ne kaha-"maianne shiv se tinoan lokoan ke upakar ke lie tumhean maanga tha. ganga ne pandrah akritiyaan dharan kian jinamean se char svargalok, sat mrityulok tatha char roopoan mean rasatal mean pravesh kiya. har lok ki ganga ka roop us lok mean hi drishtigat hota hai anyatr nahian."
ganga ka bacha hua doosara aansh bhagirath ko tap ke phalasvaroop apane pitaroan ke uddhar ke nimitt shiv se prapt hua. ganga ne pahale sagar ke putroan ka tran kiya phir usaki prarthana se himalay pahuanchakar bharat mean pravahit hote hue vah bangasagar ki or chali gayi.bhagirath ki tapasya se prasann hokar krishna ne use darshan diye. unhoanne ganga ko ajna di ki vah shidhr bharat mean avatirn hokar sagar-putroan ka uddhar kare. ganga ke poochhane par unhoanne kaha-"vahaan mere aansh se bana lavanodadhi tumhara pati hoga. bharati ke shapavash tumhean paanch hazar varsh tak bharat mean rahana p dega. bharat mean papiyoan ka pap tumhare jal mean ghul jayega kiantu bhaktoan ke sparsh se tumamean samahit samast pap nasht ho jayeange"

---

shrikrishna ne radha ki pooja karake ras mean unaki sthapana ki. sarasvati tatha samast devata prasann hokar sangit mean kho gaye. chaitany hone par unhoanne dekha ki radha aur krishna unake madhy nahian haian. sab or jal hi jal hai. sarvatm, sarvavyapi radha-krishna ne hi sansaravasiyoan ke uddhar ke lie jalamayi moorti dharan ki thi, vahi golok mean sthit ganga hai. ek bar ganga shrikrishna ke parshv mean baithi unake sauandary-darshan mean magn thi. radha use dekhakar rusht ho gayi thi. lajjavash usane shrikrishna ke charanoan mean ashray liya tha . phalat: pashu, pakshi, paudhe, manushy apane kasht ki duhaee dete hue brahma ki sharan mean pahuanche. brahma, vishnu, mahesh krishna ke pas gaye. krishna ki prerana se unhoanne radha se ganga ke nimitt abhayadan liya. phir shrikrishna ke paanv ke aangoothe se ganga nikali. usaka veg thamane ke lie pahale brahma ne use apane kamandal mean grahan kiya, phir shiv ne apani jataoan mean, phir vah prithvi par pahuanchi. jab samast sansar jal se apoorit ho gaya tab brahma use narayan ke pas baiankuanthadham mean le gaye jahaan brahma ne samast ghatanaean sunakar use narayan ko sauanp diya. narayan ne svayan gaandharv-vidhan dvara ganga se panigrahan kiya.

vithika

• chitr:Haridwar2.jpg

  ganga nadi, haridvar
  Ganga River, Haridwar

• chitr:Kachla-Ghat.jpg

  ganga nadi, kachhala ghat
  Ganga River, Kachla Ghat