कर्नाटक

karnatak / Karnataka

dakshin bharat me sthit karnatak bharat ke b de rajyoan me se ek hai. is rajy mean anek injiniyariang (abhiyaantriki) aur medikal (ayurvijnan) k aaulej haian. karnatak ke uttar mean maharashtr, dakshin mean keral, dakshin-poorv mean tamilanadu tatha poorv mean aandhr pradesh rajy haian. isake pashchim mean arab sagar hai. kannad yahaan ki mukhy bhasha hai. tuळu aur koankani bhasha bhi boli jati haian.

itihas aur bhoogol

karnatak rajy ka lagabhag 2,000 varsh ka likhit itihas upalabh‍dh hai. karnatak par nand, maury aur satavahan namak rajaoan ka shasan raha. chauthi shatabh‍di ke madhh‍y se isi kshetr ke rajavanshoan banavasi ke kadanb tatha gangoan ka adhikar raha. shravanabelagola mean gomateshh‍var ki vishal pratima gang vansh ke mantri chamuandaraya ne banavayi thi, jo vishh‍v prasiddh hai. badami ke chalukh‍y vansh (500-735 ee. tak) ne narmada se kaveri tak ke vishal bhoobhag par raj kiya aur pulikeshi dvitiy (609-642 ee.) ne kanh‍nauj ke shaktishali raja harshavardhan ko haraya tha. is rajavansh ne badami, ehol aur pattadakal mean anek suandar kalath‍mak tatha kalajayi sh‍marakoan ka nirman karaya tha. isamean kuchh mandir chattanoan ko tarashakar banae ge hai. ehol ke mandir mean vash‍tukala ka vikas hua.

chalukh‍yoan ke sthan par bad mean malh‍khed ke rashh‍trakootoan ne (753-973 ee.) kanh‍nauj ke vaibhavashali samay mean bhi vasool kiya. isi samay kanh‍nad sahith‍y ka vikas prarambh hua. bharat ke pramukh jain vidvan yahaan ke rajaoan ke darabar ki shobha the. kalh‍yan ke chalukh‍y raja (973-1189 ee.) aur unake bad halebid ke hoyasal shasakoan ne kalatmak mandiroan ka nirman karavaya. lalit kalaoan aur sahith‍y ko badhava diya. vijayanagar samrajh‍y (1336-1646 ee.) ne inhian parapanraoan ka palan karate hue kala, dharm, sansh‍krit, kanh‍nad, telugu aur tamil sahith‍y ko badhava diya. unake samay mean vh‍yapar ka bhi bahut vistar hua.

bahamani sultanoan aur bijapur ke adilashahoan ne sarasani shaili mean vishal bhavanoan ka nirman karaya. urdoo, farasi ke sahith‍y ki rachana isi samay mean huee. isake bad purtagali apane sath nee phasalean jaise- tanbakoo, makh‍ka, mirch, mooangaphali, aloo adi lekar aye aur inaki kheti prarambh huee. peshava (1818) aur tipoo sultan (1799) ki parajay ke bad karnatak british shasan ke adhin ho gaya. 19vian shatabh‍di mean eesaee mishanariyoan ke karan aangreji ki shiksha, parivahan, sanchar aur udyog mean krantikari badalav aya aur nagaroan mean madhh‍yam varg ka panapana prarambh hua.

maisoor rajavansh ne vikas ki pahal ki aur audyogikikaran tatha saansh‍kritik vriddhi ke lie inhean apanaya. ajadi ki l daee ke samay karnatak mean ekata ka abhiyan chalaya gaya. sh‍vatantrata milane par 1953 mean maisoor rajh‍y ka nirman hua, jisamean kanh‍n d bahul kshetroan ko sath lekar maisoor rajh‍y ka nirman 1956 mean kiya gaya aur ise 1973 mean karnatak ka nam diya gaya.

van aur vanh‍y jivan

van vibhag ke pas rajh‍y ke 20.15 pratishat bhaugolik kshetr ka prabandhan hai. vanoan ka vargikaran is prakar kiya gaya hai-

1. surakshit van,
2. sanrakshit van,
3. avargikrit van,
4. gramin van aur
5. niji van.

• yahaan 5 rashh‍triy park aur 23 vanh‍y jiv abhayaranh‍y hai.
• eeandhan ki lak di, chara aur imarati lak di ke lie jangaloan ko vikasit kiya ja raha hai.
• projekh‍t taigar aur projekh‍t elipheant jaisi anek yojanaean keandriy sahayata se lagoo ki ja rahi haian.
• videshi sahayata se anek van pariyojanaean shuroo ki gee haian.
• japan baiank ph aaur iantaraneshanal koaaupareshan se karnatak ke lie pharesh‍t mainejameant aur bayo-daryavarsiti pariyojana chal rahi hai aur yah poore rajy karnatak mean 2005 - 06 se 2012 - 13 tak lagoo karane ki yojana hai.

krishi

kanartak rajy mean lagabhag 66 pratishat janasankhya gramin hai aur 55.60 pratishat janata krishi aur isase jude rozagaroan mean lagi hai. rajh‍y ki 60 pratishat, lagabhag 114 lakh hekh‍teyar bhoomi krishi yogh‍y hai. kul krishi yogy bhoomi ke 72 pratishat bhag mean achchhi varsha hoti hai, baqi lagabhag 28 pratishat bhoomi mean sianchaee ki vyavastha hai. rajh‍y mean 10 pratishat krishi mausami kshetr haian. yahaan ki pramukh mitti lal mitti hai, phir doosare sthan par kali mitti hai. ajy ki kul bhoomi ka 51.7 pratishat bhag rajh‍y ka buaee kshetr hai. varsh 2007-08 mean lagabhag 117.35 lakh tan khadyanh‍n ka uth‍padan hua hai.

dugh‍dh uth‍padan

• karnatak desh ke pramukh dugh‍dh uth‍padak rajyoan mean se ek hai.
• karnatak milh‍k phedareshan ke pas 21 prasansh‍karan sanyantr haian jinaki kshamata lagabhag 26.45 lakh litar pratidin hai.
• 42 pratishat dugdh keandroan ki kshamata 14.60 lakh litar pratidin hai.

bagavani

• rajh‍y ke 16.30 lakh hekh‍teyar kshetr mean bagavani hoti hai.
• isamean 101 lakh mi. tan uth‍padan hota hai.
• keandr sarakar ne ‘rashh‍triy bagavani mishan’ ke aantargat 171.29 karo d rupe ka nivesh kiya hai.

sianchaee yojanaean

• karnatak rajy mean 28 pratishat krishi yogh‍y kshetr mean sianchaee hoti hai.
• 2006-07 ke dauran kul 33.14 lakh hekh‍tayer bhoomi ki sianchaee kshamata thi jisamean se 23.21 lakh hekh‍teyar b di aur 9.93 lakh hekh‍teyar laghu sianchaee pariyojanaean shamil haian.

bijali uth‍padan

• karnatak desh ka pahala aisa rajh‍y hai jahaan panabijali sanyantr sh‍thapit kie ge the.
• aj karnatak ki sakal bijali uth‍padan ki kshamata 7222.91 hai.
• 2007-08 mean 31229 karo d yoonit bijali ka uth‍padan hua.

soochana praudyogiki

kanartak soochana praudyogiki ke kshetr mean atulaniy hai.

• 2006-07 mean yahaan se 48700 karo d rupe ke s aauphtaveyar ka niryat hua tha.
• 2007-08 mean navanbar, 2007 tak 24,450 karo d rupe ka niryat ho chuka tha.
• naisak aaum ki taja riport ke anusar maiangalaur aur maisoor soochana praudyogiki ke kshetr mean adhik gati se unnati kar rahe hai.

jaiv praudyogiki

• kanartak rajh‍y aur visheshakar baiangalor shahar desh ka sabase b da jaiv bhandar hai.
• 2006-07 ke dauran es el el dabh‍lh‍yooe ne tin pariyojanaean sh‍vikrit ki haian, jin par 535.50 karo d rupe ka nivesh hoga.
• jaiv praudyogiki ka niryat 21.5 karo d ameriki d aaular raha.

parivahan

• karnatak me relave ke netavark ki kul lanbaee lagabhag 3089 kilomitar hai.
• karnatak mean havaee adade baiangalor,maiangalor, hubali, belagaanv, hanpi evan belari mean upalabdh haian jinamean, baiangalor havaee patti se doosare deshoan ke lie bhi viman seva upalabdh hai. maisoor evan gulabarga, bijapur, hasan evan shimoga mean is varsh ke aant tak havaee sevaean upalabdh hone ki ummid hai.
• karnatak me 11 bandaragah haian, jisame navin maiangalor bandaragah shamil hai jo ek mukhy bandaragah hai.
• karnatak me rashtriy aur rajakiy rajamargoan ki kul doori kramash: 3973 kilomitar aur 9829 kilomitar hai.

sadakean

• kanartak mean 1971 mean 83,749 ki.mi. lambi s dakean thi jo 2007 mean badhakar 2,15,849 ki.mi. ho gee.
• 'karnatak rajamarg sudhar pariyojana' mean vishh‍v baiank ki madad se 2,375 ki.mi. s dak ko unnat karane ki yojana hai jisamean 900 ki.mi. ka vikas tatha 1475 ki.mi. ka pun: rniman yojit hai. isamean praantiy rajamarg aur jila s dakean shamil haian. is par lagabhag 2,402.51 karo d rupe kharch hoange. yah madad s dakoan aur puloan ke nirman aur vikas ke lie gramin

vikas nidhi ke aantargat ki ja rahi hai.

bandaragah

kanartak rajh‍y mean 155 samudri mil lagabhag 300 ki.mi lanbe samudr tat par keval ek hi b da bandaragah hai - mangalaur ya nh‍yoo mangalaur. isake atirikt 10 chhote bandaragah hai-

1. karavad,
2. belekeri,
3. tadri,
4. bhath‍kal,
5. kuandapur,
6. hangarakatta,
7. malape,
8. padubidri, #honh‍navar aur
9. purana mangalaur.

• in 10 bandaragahoan mean se keval kava d har mausam ke lie upayukt hai jabaki shesh nau bandaragahoan aise nahian hai. in bandaragahoan se 2006-07 mean malavahak jahajoan ke dvara 6573 hajar tan mal dhoya gaya.

udadyan

• nagarik uddayan ke kshetr mean bahut vikas aur vridhdi huee hai.
• 2006-07 mean aantararashh‍triy yatriyoan mean 50 pratishat aur aantardeshiy yatriyoan mean 44 pratishat ki vriddhi huee.
• rajh‍y ke havaee addoan se 2006-07 mean 1.66 lakh tan mal dhoya gaya. yah gat varsh se 19 pratishat adhik tha.
• baiangalor aantararashh‍triy havaee adda desh ka pahala hare-bhare maidan vala aantararashh‍triy havaee adda hai, yah baiangalor ke pas devanahalh‍li mean banaya gaya hai. yatri aur malavahak havaee jahajoan ke lie banaye gaye havaee adde ki lagat lagabhag 2000 karo d rupe ki hai. yah havaee adda 28 mee 2008 se shuroo ho gaya hai. is havaee adde ke karan se baiangalor shahar vishh‍v ke lie saral gantavh‍y ban gaya hai aur yahaan par suvidhaean sarvottam aantararashh‍triy manakoan ke anusar haian. sarakar ne shimoga aur gulabarga mean havaee adde vikasit karane ki yojana banaee hai.

paryatan sh‍thal

• ‘ek rajh‍y - kee duniyaan’ ke roop mean jana jane vala karnatak rajy dakshin bharat ka pramukh paryatan keandr banata ja raha hai.
• soochana praudyogiki aur jaiv praudyogiki ke keandr kanartak mean hal hi mean bahut se paryatak ate haian. 2005-06 ki tulana mean
• 2006-07 mean paryatakoan ki sankhh‍ya mean 40 pratishat ki vriddhi huee hai. yah rajh‍y apane sh‍marakoan ki virasat aur prakritik paryatan ke roop mean prasiddh hai.
• 'sh‍varn rath', jisaka nam dakshin bharat ki vishh‍v dharohar 'hanpi' ke prash‍tar rath ke nam par rakha gaya hai, prachin dharoharoan, bhavh‍y mahaloan, vanh‍yajivan aur sunahare samudr-tatoan ke bich bhraman karega. maisoor mean shrirangapatan, maisoor ke mahal, nagarahol rashh‍triy park (kabini) ki sair karate hue 11vian shatabh‍di ke 'hoyasala sh‍thapath‍y' aur vishh‍v dharohar 'shravanabel gola, beloor, halebid, hanpi' se hote hue badami, pattakal v aihol ki trikoniy dharohar se hote hue gova ke sunahare samudr-tatoan ka avalokan karate hue aant mean yah baiangalor vapas aega.

karnatak mean dharohar vale mahal, ghane van aur pavitr sh‍thaloan ki bharamar hai. ‘hom sh‍te’ namak nee avadharana ne rajh‍y mean paryatan ke ne ayam jo d die haian. hanpi aur pattakal ko vishh‍v dharohar sh‍thal ghoshit kar diya gaya hai.

nee yojanaean aur upalabdhiyaan

ee-gavarneans

bhoomi ke kagazat ki aaun lain dilivari yojana 2000 mean shuroo huee aur 200 lakh kagazat ki dijitalikaran kar diya gaya hai tatha aaunalain mh‍yooteshan ki prakriya se taluk sh‍tar par kiyosh‍k mean ar॰ ti॰ si॰ ko asani se upalabh‍dh karaya ja raha hai, jinaki sh‍thapana is prayojan ke lie vishesh roop se ki gee hai. ab yah nirnay liya gaya hai ki maujooda s aauphtaveyar ka unh‍nayan kiya jae taki ne visheshataoan aur takaniki adhar ko sudridh banaya ja sake. ne bhoomi s aauphtaveyar mean sabhi maujooda visheshataoan ko shamil kiya jaega jaise ki kaveri karyakramoan, baiankoan, kachahariyoan ko jo da jaega aur isamean nee visheshataean hoangi jaise ki bhoomi adhigrahan ke mamaloan ko jo dana, gair krishi bhoomi ka dakhila khariz karana.

isake alava ee-gavarneans ne ‘baiangalor ek karyakram’ shuroo kiya hai, jo bahuseva keandr hai jahaan log bijali, teliphon adi ke bil jama kar sakate haian aur ek hi jagah 25 anh‍y sevaoan ka upayog kar sakate hai. isane ‘nemh‍madi’ namak karyakram shuroo kiya hai. isake aantargat 765 aise teliseantar haian jahaan ay, janh‍m aur mrith‍yu ke praman patr praph‍t kie ja sakate haian. isake alava manav sansadhan prabandhan seva bhi vikasit ki gee hai, jo sabhi vibhagoan ki kenh‍driy pahaloan aur sarvadhik samanh‍y karyoan ke roop mean kary karati hai.

bhagh‍yalakshh‍mi

sh‍tri-purush anupat ko santulit karane aur garib parivaroan ko naitik sanbal pradan karane ke lie karnatak sarakar ne ‘bhagh‍yalakshh‍mi’ yojana shuroo ki hai. yah do l dakiyoan tak simit hai aur garibi rekha se niche rah rahe sabhi parivaroan ke lie hai. l daki ke janh‍m ke samay usake nam se 10,000 rupe jama kie jaeange aur bh‍yaj sahit 18 varsh poora ho jane par die jaeange.

• 2007-08 ke dauran 1.31 lakh parivaroan ke lie 132.42 karo d rupe jari kie ge.
• mukhh‍yamantri dvara prash‍tut 2008-09 ke bajat mean di jane vali rashi ko badhakar 1 lakh kar diya gaya hai aur isake lie 266.65 karo d rupe nirdharit kie ge haian.

madilu

yah ek anh‍y yojana hai jo maan aur shishu ke sh‍vash‍thh‍y ki raksha ke lie banaee gee hai. isake tahat prasav ke bad maan aur shishu ki zaroorat ka saman diya jata hai. yah suvidha garibi rekha se niche rah rahe sabhi parivaroan ke lie hai.

• 2007-08 ke dauran isase lagabhag 1.50 lakh parivaroan ko labh pahuancha hai.
• 2006-07 mean 63.82 pratishat labhanvit prasav the aur
• 2007-08 mean yah sankhh‍ya 67.97 pratishat rahi.

bhagyarath

shiksha ke lie behatar pahuanch aur ise jari rakhane ke lie rajh‍y sarakar ne yah yojana prarambh ki hai. isake tahat sarakar aur anudan praph‍t sh‍kooloan mean athavian kaksha mean padhane vale l dake aur l dakiyoan ko saikilean di jaeangi.

• 2007-08 mean garibi rekha se niche rah rahe parivaroan ki 1.75 lakh l dakiyoan aur 2.33 l dakoan ko saikilean baanti gee.
• varsh 2008-09 mean yah yojana athavian kaksha mean padhane vale sabhi varg ke bachh‍choan ke lie kar di gee hai. asha hai ki isase 7 lakh se adhik bachh‍choan ko labh milega.

any liank

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