गंगा की सहायक नदियाँ
ganga bharat ki sabase mahattvapoorn nadiyoan mean se ek hai. yah uttar bharat ke maidanoan ki vishal nadi hai. ganga bharat aur baangladesh mean milakar 2,510 kilomitar ki doori tay karati hai. uttaraanchal mean himalay se nikalakar yah bharat ke lagabhag ek-chauthaee bhoo-kshetr se pravahit hoti huee bangal ki kha di mean milati hai. ganga nadi ko uttar bharat ki arthavyavastha ka merudand bhi kaha gaya hai.
sahayak nadiyaan
[[chitr:Junction-Of-Gange-And-Yamuna-Allahabad.jpg|thumb|350px|manachitr mean ganga aur yamuna ka sangam, ilahabad (1885)]]
ganga mean uttar ki or se akar milane vali pramukh sahayak nadiyaan yamuna, ramaganga, karanali (ghaghara), tapti, gandak, kosi aur kakshi haian tatha dakshin ke pathar se akar isamean milane vali pramukh nadiyaan chanbal, son, betava, ken, dakshini tos adi haian. yamuna ganga ki sabase pramukh sahayak nadi hai jo himalay ki bandarapooanchh choti ke adhar par yamunotri himakhand se nikali hai.[1] himalay ke oopari bhag mean isamean toans[2] tatha bad mean laghu himalay mean ane par isamean giri aur asan nadiyaan milati haian. chambal, betava, sharada aur ken yamuna ki sahayak nadiyaan haian. chambal itava ke pas tatha betava hamirapur ke pas yamuna mean milati haian. yamuna ilahabad ke nikat bayian or se ganga nadi mean ja milati hai. ramaganga mukhy himalay ke dakshini bhag nainital ke nikat se nikalakar bijanaur se bahati huee kannauj ke pas ganga mean milati hai. karanali nadi mapsatuang namak himanad se nikalakar ayodhya, phaijabad hoti huee baliya zile ki sima ke pas ganga mean mil jati hai. is nadi ko parvatiy bhag mean kauriyala tatha maidani bhag mean ghaghara kaha jata hai. gandak himalay se nikalakar nepal mean shaligram nam se bahati huee maidani bhag mean narayani nadi ka nam pati hai.
yah kali gandak aur trishool nadiyoan ka jal lekar pravahit hoti huee sonapur ke pas ganga mean milati hai. kosi ki mukhyadhara arun hai jo gosaee dham ke uttar se nikalati hai. brahmaputr ke besin ke dakshin se sarpakar roop mean arun nadi bahati hai jahaan yaroo namak nadi isase milati hai. isake bad himalay ke kanchanajanga shikharoan ke bich se bahati huee yah dakshin ki or 90 kilomitar bahati hai jahaan pashchim se soonakosi tatha poorab se tamoor kosi namak nadiyaan isamean milati haian. isake bad kosi nadi ke nam se yah shivalik ko par karake maidan mean utarati hai tatha bihar rajy se bahati huee ganga mean mil jati hai. amarakantak paha di se nikalakar son nadi patana ke pas ganga mean milati hai. madhy-pradesh ke moo ke nikat janayab parvat se nikalakar chambal nadi itava se 38 kilomitar ki doori par yamuna nadi mean milati hai. betava nadi madhy pradesh mean bhopal se nikalakar uttar hamirapur ke nikat yamuna mean milati hai. bhagirathi nadi ke dayean kinare se milane vali anek nadiyoan mean baansalee, dvaraka, mayoorakshi, roopanarayan, kansavati aur rasoolapur pramukh haian. jalaangi aur matha bhaanga ya choonian bayean kinare se milati haian jo atit kal mean ganga ya padma ki shakha nadiyaan thian. kintu ye vartaman samay mean ganga se prithakh hokar varshakalin nadiyaan ban gee haian.
[[chitr:Ganga-2.jpg|thumb|ganga nadi ka manamohak drishy, varanasi|250px|left]]
pradooshan evan paryavaran
ganga nadi vishv bhar mean apani shuddhikaran kshamata ke karan jani jati hai. lanbe samay se prachalit isaki shuddhikaran ki manyata ka vaijnanik adhar bhi hai. vaijnanik manate haian ki is nadi ke jal mean baiktiriyophej namak vishanu hote haian, jo jivanuoan v any hanikarak sookshmajivoan ko jivit nahian rahane dete haian. nadi ke jal mean pranavayu (aauksijan) ki matra ko banae rakhane ki asadharan kshamata hai. kiantu isaka karan abhi tak ajnat hai. ek rashtriy sarvajanik rediyo karyakram ke anusar is karan haija aur pechish jaisi bimariyaan hone ka khatara bahut hi kam ho jata hai, jisase mahamariyaan hone ki sanbhavana b de star par tal jati hai.[3] lekin ganga ke tat par ghane base audyogik nagaroan ke naloan ki gandagi sidhe ganga nadi mean milane se ganga ka pradooshan pichhale kee saloan se bharat sarakar aur janata ki chianta ka vishay bana hua hai. audyogik kachare ke sath-sath plastik kachare ki bahutayat ne ganga jal ko bhi behad pradooshit kiya hai. vaijnanik jaanch ke anusar ganga ka bayolajikal aauksijan star 3 digri (samany) se badhakar 6 digri ho chuka hai. ganga mean 2 karo d 90 lakh litar pradooshit kachara pratidin gir raha hai. vishv baiank riport ke anusar uttar-pradesh ki 12 pratishat bimariyoan ki vajah pradooshit ganga jal hai. yah ghor chintaniy hai ki ganga-jal n snan ke yogy raha, n pine ke yogy raha aur n hi sianchaee ke yogy. ganga ke parabhav ka arth hoga, hamari samoochi sabhyata ka ant.[4] ganga mean badhate pradooshan par niyantran pane ke lie gh diyaloan ki madad li ja rahi hai.[5] shahar ki gandagi ko saf karane ke lie sanyantroan ko lagaya ja raha hai aur udyogoan ke kacharoan ko isamean girane se rokane ke lie qanoon bane haian. isi kram mean ganga ko rashtriy dharohar bhi ghoshit kar diya gaya hai aur ganga ekshan plan v rashtriy nadi sanrakshan yojana lagoo ki gee haian. haanlaanki isaki saphalata par prashnachihn bhi lagae jate rahe haian.[6] janata bhi is vishay mean jagrit huee hai. isake sath hi dharmik bhavanaean ahat n hoan isake bhi prayatn kie ja rahe haian.[7] itana sabakuchh hone ke bavazood ganga ke astitv par sankat ke badal chhae hue haian. 2007 ki ek sanyukt rashtr riport ke anusar himalay par sthit ganga ki jalapoorti karane vale himanad ki 2030 tak samapt hone ki sanbhavana hai. isake bad nadi ka bahav manasoon par ashrit hokar mausami hi rah jaega. [8]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ bharat ke bare mean jano bharat sarakar. abhigaman tithi: 21 joon, 2009.
- ↑ uttarakhand ki pramukh nadiyaan iandiya vatar portal. abhigaman tithi: 21 joon, 2009.
- ↑ baiktiriyophej ka sv-shuddhikaran prabhav, aauksijan ritenshan rahasy: mistri faiktar givs gainjes e klin repyuteshan jooliyan krainda-2 h aaullik. neshanal pablik rediyo.
- ↑ khatare mean ganga ka astitv (eesapieks) patrika. abhigaman tithi: 22 joon, 2009.
- ↑ ganga ko pradooshan se bachaeange 71 gh diyal navabharat taims. abhigaman tithi: 22 joon, 2009.
- ↑ ab ganga pradooshan mamala rajy sarakar jimmevar lokamanch. abhigaman tithi: 22 joon, 2009.
- ↑ ab moorti visarjan se nahian hogi ganga maili josh. abhigaman tithi: 22 joon, 2009.
- ↑ bostan.k aaum par dekhean- vaishvik ooshmikaran ka uttar pradesh ki ganga par prabhav.
sanbandhit lekh