गंगा का पौराणिक महत्त्व
[[chitr:Haridwar.jpg|250px|thumb|ganga nadi, haridvar]] ganga bharat ki sabase mahattvapoorn nadiyoan mean se ek hai. yah uttar bharat ke maidanoan ki vishal nadi hai. ganga bharat aur baangladesh mean milakar 2,510 kilomitar ki doori tay karati hai. uttaraanchal mean himalay se nikalakar yah bharat ke lagabhag ek-chauthaee bhoo-kshetr se pravahit hoti huee bangal ki kha di mean milati hai. ganga nadi ko uttar bharat ki arthavyavastha ka merudand bhi kaha gaya hai.
pauranik kathaean
ganga nadi ke sath anek pauranik kathaean ju di huee haian. kuchh puranoan ne ganga ko mandakini ke roop mean svarg mean, ganga ke roop mean prithvi par aur bhogavati ke roop mean patal mean pravahit hote hue varnit kiya hai.[1] vishnu adi puranoan ne ganga ko vishnu ke bayean pair ke aangoothe ke nakh se pravahit mana hai.[2] kuchh puranoan mean aisa aya hai ki shiv ne apani jata se ganga ko sat dharaoan mean parivartit kar diya, jinamean tin (nalini, hladini evan pavani) poorv ki or, tin (sita, chakshus evan sindhu) pashchim ki or pravahit huee aur satavian dhara bhagirathi huee (matsy puran 121|38-41; brahmand puran 2|18|39-41 evan 1|3|65-66). koorm puran (1|46|30-31) evan varah puran (adhyay 82, gady mean) ka kathan hai ki ganga sarvapratham sita, alakananda, suchaksh evan bhadra namak char vibhinn dharaoan mean bahati hai. alakananda dakshin ki or bahati hai, bharatavarsh ki or ati hai aur saptamukhoan mean hokar samudr mean girati hai.[3] brahmand puran (73|68-69) mean ganga ko vishnu ke paanv se evan shiv ke jatajoot mean avasthit mana gaya hai.
ek doosare pauranik akhyan ke anusar ganga himalay aur maina ki putri tatha uma ki bhagini thian. mahabharat ki ek katha use kururaj shantanu ki patni aur bhishm ki mata batati hai. jisamean bhishm ka doosara nam gaangey bhi hai. ganga ka sambandh kartikey ke matritv se bhi hai. hinduoan ke jitane tirth is nadi ke tir par haian, utane kahian par nahian aur usaki pavitrata ka prabhav to bharatiyoan par itana gahara p da ki unhoanne anek doosari nadiyoan ke nam bhi ganga rakh diye. jahaan-jahaan bharatiy sanskriti ka vistar hua, vahaan-vahaan ganga ki pavitrata ka vividh roop se ullekh hua. ganga ki makar par aroodh chanvar athava kalash dharini moortiyaan bhi guptakal mean banane lagi thian.[4] rrigved ke nadisookt mean ganga ki stuti huee hai aur puranoan ne usaki mahima ka anant bakhan kiya hai.
puranoan ke anusar vivadganga, akashaganga athava svargaganga vishnu ke aangoothe se nikali haian, jisaka prithvi par avataran bhagirath ke stavan se kapil muni dvara bhasmikrit raja sagar ke 60,000 putroan ki asthiyoan ko pavitr karane ke lie hua. bhagirath ke sath isi sanyog ke karan ganga ka doosara nam bhagirathi p da. pauranik parampara hai ki svarg se utarane ke karan ganga atyant kupit ho uthi thian aur usake kop ke karan prithvi par usaki dhara p date hi unake bahakar nasht ho jane ke bhay se shiv ne apani jata mean use samet liya, jisase unaki jataoan mean ulajh jane ke karan dhara prithvi par sidhi nahian p di aur ganga ki gati mand ho gee. isi sambandh mean shiv ka ek nam gangadhar bhi p da. ganga ka avataran tapasvi jahnu ke yajn ke lie ghatak hua, jisase kruddh hokar us tapas ne ganga ko pi dala aur prarthana ke bad usane kan se ganga ki dhara nikal di, jisase vah jahnavi kahalaee haian.
van parv
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van parv[5] ne ganga ki prashasti mean kee shlok[6] diye haian, jinamean se kuchh ka anuvad is prakar hai- "jahaan bhi kahian snan kiya jae, ganga kurukshetr ke barabar hai. kintu kanakhal ki apani visheshata hai aur prayag mean isaki param mahatta hai. yadi koee saik doan papakarm karake gangajal ka avasianchan karata hai to gangajal un dushkrityoan ko usi prakar jala deta hai, jis prakar se agni eedhan ko jala deti hai. sat yug mean sabhi sthal pavitr the, treta yug mean pushkar sabase adhik pavitr tha, dvapar yug mean kurukshetr evan kaliyug mean ganga. nam lene par ganga papi ko pavitr kar deti hai. ise dekhane se saubhagy prapt hota hai. jab isamean snan kiya jata hai ya isaka jal grahan kiya jata hai to sat pidhiyoan tak kul pavitr ho jata hai. jab tak kisi manushy ki asthi ganga jal ko sparsh karati rahati hai, tab tak vah svargalok mean prasann rahata hai. ganga ke saman koee tirth nahian hai aur keshan ke saman koee dev. vah desh jahaan ganga bahati hai aur vah tapovan jahaan par ganga paee jati hai, use siddhikshetr kahana chahie, kyoanki vah gangatir ko chhoota rahata hai."
anushasan parv
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anushasan parv[7] mean aya hai ki ve janapad evan desh, ve parvat evan ashram, jinase hokar ganga bahati hai, puny ka phal dene mean mahanh haian. ve log, jo jivan ke pratham bhag mean papakarm karate haian, yadi ganga ki or jate haian to param pad prapt karate haian. jo log ganga mean snan karate haian unaka phal badhata jata hai. ve pavitratma ho jate haian aur aisa punyaphal pate haian jo saik doan vaidik yajnoan ke sampadan se bhi nahian prapt hota. bhagavadagita mean bhagavan shrikrishna ne kaha hai ki dharaoan mean maian ganga hooan.[8] manu[9] ne sakshi ko satyochcharan ke lie jo kaha hai usase prakat hota hai ki manusmriti ke kal mean ganga evan kurukshetr sarvochch punit sthal the.[10]
vishnu puran
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vishnu puran[11] ne ganga ki prashasti is prakar ki hai- jab isaka nam shravan kiya jata hai, jab koee isake darshan ki abhilasha karata hai, jab yah dekhi jati hai ya sparsh ki jati hai ya jab isaka jal grahan kiya jata hai ya jab koee usamean dubaki lagata hai ya jab isaka nam liya jata hai (ya isaki stuti ki jati hai) to ganga din-pratidin praniyoan ko pavitr karati hai. jab sahasroan yojan door rahane vale log ganga nam ka uchcharan karate haian, to tin janmoan ke pap nasht ho jate haian.[12]
bhavishy puran
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bhavishy puran mean bhi aisa hi aya hai.[13] matsy, koorm, garu d evan padm puranoan ka kahana hai ki ganga mean pahuanchana sab sthanoan mean saral hai, keval gangadvar (haridvar), prayag evan vahaan jahaan yah samudr mean milati hai, pahuanchana kathin hai. jo log yahaan par snan karate haian, unhean svarg ki prapti hoti hai aur jo log yahaan par mar jate haian, ve pun: janm nahian pate haian.[14]
narad puran
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narad puran ka kathan hai ki ganga sabhi sthanoan mean durlabh hai, kintu tin sthanoan par atyadhik durlabh hai. vah vyakti jo chahe ya anachahe ganga ke pas pahuanch jata hai aur mar jata hai, svarg jata hai aur narak nahian dekhata.[15]
koorm puran
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koorm puran ka kathan hai ki ganga vayu puran dvara ghoshit svarg, antariksh evan prithvi mean sthit 35 karo d pavitr sthaloan ke barabar hai aur vah unaka pratinidhitv karati hai.[16]
padm puran
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padmapuran ne prashn kiya hai- ‘bahut dhan ke vyay vale yajnoan evan kathin tapoan se kya labh, jab ki sulabh roop se prapt hone vali evan svarg moksh dene vali ganga upasthit hai!’ naradiy puranoan mean bhi aya hai-‘ath aangoan vale yog, tapoan evan yajnoan se kya labh? ganga ka nivas in sabhi se uttam hai.’[17] padmapuran[18] mean aya hai ki vishnu sabhi devoan ka pratinidhitv karate haian aur ganga vishnu ka. isamean ganga ki prashasti is prakar ki gee hai-‘pita, pati, mitroan evan sambandhiyoan ke vyabhichari, patit, dusht, chandal evan gurughati ho jane par ya sabhi prakar ke papoan evan drohoan se sanyukt hone par kram se putr, patniyaan, mitr evan sambandhi unaka tyag kar dete haian, kintu ganga unhean parityakt nahian karati[19]
matsy puran
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matsy puran[20] ke do shlok yahaan varnan ke yogy haian- "pap karane vala vyakti bhi sahasroan yojan door rahata hua ganga smaran se param pad prapt kar leta hai. ganga ke nam-smaran evan usake darshan se vyakti kram se papamukt ho jata hai evan sukh pata hai. usamean snan karane evan jal ke pan se vah sat pidhiyoan tak apane kul ko pavitr kar deta hai." kashikhand[21] mean aisa aya hai ki ganga ke tat par sabhi kal shubh haian, sabhi desh shubh haian aur sabhi log dan grahan karane ke yogy haian.
varah puran
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‘oan namo gangayai vishvaroopinyai narayanyai namo nam:.’
puranoan mean ganga ke punit sthal ka vistar
kuchh puranoan mean ganga ke punit sthal ke vistar ke vishay mean vyavastha di huee hai. narad puran[24] mean aya hai- ganga ke tir se ek gavyooti tak kshetr kahalata hai, isi kshetr sima ke bhitar rahana chahie, kintu tir par nahian, gangatir ka vas thik nahian hai. kshetr sima donoan tiroan se ek yojan ki hoti hai arthath pratyek tir se do kos tak kshetr ka vistar hota hai.[25] yam ne ek samany niyam yah diya hai ki vanoan, parvatoan, pavitr nadiyoan evan tirthoan ke svami nahian hote, in par kisi ka bhi prabhutv (svami roop se) nahian ho sakata.
brahmapuran ka kathan hai ki nadiyoan se char hath ki doori tak narayan ka svamitv hota hai aur marate samay bhi (kanthagat pran hone par bhi) kisi ko bhi us kshetr mean dan nahian lena chahie. gangakshetr ke garbh (antarvatt), tir evan kshetr mean antar prakat kiya gaya hai. garbh vahaan tak vistrit ho jata hai, jahaan tak bhadrapad ke krishnapaksh ki chaturdashi tak dhara pahuanch jati hai aur usake age tir hota hai, jo garbh se 150 hath tak phaila hua rahata hai tatha pratyek tir se do kos tak kshetr vistrit rahata hai.
ath vasuoan ki maan
ganga-yamuna ke madhy ka samast bhoobhag yayati ne puru ko diya tha. ganga ath vasuoan ki maan haian. vasuoan ne ganga se kaha tha ki shantanu se unake garbh dharan karane ke uparant unake janmate hi jal mean pravahit kar dena. ganga ne shantanu se utpann sat vasu jal mean pravahit kar die. athavean vasu (bhishm) ko shantanu ne bacha liya. [26]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ padm puran 6|267|47
- ↑ vamapadambujaangushthanakhasrotovinirgatamh. vishnorbabharti yaan bhaktya shirasahanianshan dhruv:.. vishnu puran (2|8|109); kalpataru (tirth, prishth 161) ne ‘shiv:’ pathantar diya hai. ‘nadi sa vaishnavi prokta vishnupadasamudabhava.’ padm puran (5|25|188).
- ↑ tathaivalakananda ch dakshinadety bharatamh. prayati sagaran bhittva saptabheda dvijottam:.. koorm puran (1|46|31).
- ↑ mahabharat, van parv, adhyay 12, 42, 47, 83-88, 90, 93, 95, 99, 107-109 adi.
- ↑ van parv (adhyay 85
- ↑ van parv (shlok 88-97
- ↑ anushasan parv (36|26, 30-31
- ↑ srotasamasmi jahnavi, 10|31
- ↑ manu (8|92
- ↑ yamo vaivasvato devo yastavaish hridi sthit:. ten chedavivadaste ma ganga ma kuroongam:.. manu (8|92).
- ↑ vishnu puran (2|8|120-121
- ↑ shrutabhilashita drashtasprishta pitavagahita. ya pavayati bhootani kirtita ch dine dine.. ganga gangeti yainami yojananaan shateshvapi. sthitairuchcharitan hanti papan janmatrayarjitamh.. vishnu puran (2|8|120-121); gangavakyavali (prishth 110), tirthachi. (prishth 202), gangabhaktitarangini (prishth 9). doosara shlok padm puran (6|21|8 evan 23|12) evan brahmand puran (175|82) mean kee prakar se padha gaya hai, yatha- ganga........yo brooyadyojananaan shatairapi. muchyate sarvapapebhyo vishnulokan s gachchhati.. pady puran (1|31|77) mean aya hai......shatairapi. naro n narakan yati kian taya sadrishan bhaveth..
- ↑ darshanartsshanatpanath tatha gangeti kirtanath. smaranadev gangaya: sady: papai: pramuchyate.. bhavishy puran (tirthachi. prishth 198; gangavakyavali prishth 12 evan gangabhaktitarangini prishth 9). pratham pad anushasan parv (26|64) evan agni puran (110|6) mean aya hai. gachchhanstishthanh japandhyayanh bhunjanh jagrat svapanh vadanh. y: smareth satatan gangaan soapi muchyet bandhanath.. skand puran (kashikhand, poorvardh 27|37) evan naradiy puran (uttar, 39|16-17).
- ↑ sarvatr sulabha ganga trishu sthaneshu durlabha. gangadvare prayage ch gangasagarasangame.. tatr snatva divan yanti ye mritasteapunarbhava:.. matsy puran (106|54);koorm puran (1|37|34); garu d puran (poorvardh, 81|1-2); padm puran (5|60|120). naradiy puran (40|26-27) mean aisa pathantar hai- ‘sarvatr durlabha ganga trishu sthaneshu chadhika. gangadvare.......sangame.. eshu snata divan.......rbhava:..’
- ↑ matsy puran 107|4
- ↑ tisr: kotyordhakoti ch tirthanaan vayurabravith. divi bhuvyantarikshe ch tatsarv jahnavi smrita.. koorm puran (1|39|8); padm puran (1|47|7 evan 5|60|59); matsy puran (102|5, tani te santi jahnavi).
- ↑ kian yajnairbahuvittadhyai: kian tapobhi: sudushkarai:. svargmokshaprada ganga sukhasaubhagyapoojita.. padm puran (5|60|39); kimashtaangen yogen kian tapobhi: kimadhvarai:. vas ev hi gangayaan sarvatopi vishishyate.. naradiy puran (uttar, 38|38); tirthachi. (prishth 194, gangayaan brahmajnanasy karanamh); prayashchittatattv (prishth 494).
- ↑ padm puran (srishti. 60|65
- ↑ padm puran, srishtikhand, 60|25-26).’
- ↑ matsy puran (104|14-15
- ↑ kashikhand (27|69
- ↑ varah puran (adhyay 82
- ↑ padm puran(srishti khand, 60|64-65
- ↑ narad puran (uttar, 43|119-120
- ↑ tiradh gavyootimatran tu parit: kshetramuchyate. tiran vasetkshetre tire vaso n cheshyate.. ekayojanavistirna kshetrasima tatadvayath. narad puran (uttar, 43|119-120). pratham ko tirthachi. (prishth 266) ne skand puran se udadhrit kiya hai aur vyakhya ki hai-‘ubhayatate pratyekan koshadayan kshetramh.’ antim pad ko tirthachi. (prishth 267) evan gangavakyavali (prishth 136) ne bhavishy puran se udadhrit kiya hai. ‘gavyooti’ doori ya lambaee ki map hai jo samanyat: do krosh (kos) ke barabar hai. lambaee ke mapoan ke vishay mean kuchh antar hai. amarakosh ke anusar ‘gavyooti’ do krosh ke barabar hai, yatha- ‘gavyooti: stri kroshayugamh.’ vayu puran (8|105 evan 101|122-123) evan brahmand puran (2|7|96-101) ke anusar 24 aangul=ek hast, 96 aangul=ek dhanu (arthath ‘dand’, ‘yug’ ya ‘nali’); 2000 dhanu (ya dand ya yug ya nalika)=gavyooti evan 8000 dhanu=yojan. markandey puran (46|37-40) ke anusar 4 hast=dhanu ya dand ya yug ya nalika; 2000 dhanu=krosh, 4 krosh=gavyooti (jo yojan ke barabar hai). aur dekhie is granth ka khand 3, adhyay 5.
- ↑ mahabharat, adiparv, adhyay 2, 3, 61, 63, 67, 70, 87, 95-10.
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sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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