बिनकारी
binakari ek hast shilpakala hai. binakari kala ko janane valoan ko binakar kahate haian. binakar samanyataya b de evan sanyukt parivar mean rahate haian. is kala mean log bachapan se hi lag jate haian. kala ki jatilata itani hai ki agar bachapan se hi isapar dhyan n diya jay to phir ise sikhana mushkil ho jata hai. isamean parivar ke sabhi log bachche-boodhe, javan, aurat aur mard lage rahate haian. sabhi l dake-chahe ve skool jate ho ya n jate hoan - binakari das se barah varsh ki avastha mean praranbh kar dete hai. paanch se chhah varsh ka prashikshan (jo ghar mean hi mil jata hai) ke bad ek bachcha ek kushal binakar ke adhe ke asapas kamaee kar leta hai aur agale do se char varsh mean vah poorn karigar ban jata hai evan poori kamaee karane lagata hai. mahilaean samanyataya binane ka kary nahian karati parantu any madad jaise dhage ko sulajhana, bobiang mean dalana, charkha par taiyar karana ityadi kar deti hai. isilie bina aurat ke binaee lagabhag asambhav sa lagata hai. jab ek bachcha is kala ko sikhana praranbh karata hai to samanyataya vah buti kadhane ka ya dharaki ko phekane ka kary karata hai. isilie use buti kadhava ya dharaki phekava bhi kaha jata hai. jab ek binakar apani kala mean samagrata ke sath parangat ho jata hai tab use girahasta (pramukh binakar) kahakar pukara jata hai.[1]
banaras hai mukhy gadh
binakari kala ka mukhy gadh banaras hai. binakar khasakar musalaman binakaroan ko is bat ka atyadhik garv hai ki unake dvara banae ge banarasi vasroan ko poore vishv mean prasiddhi mili huee hai. log garv se kahate haian ki bahut hi jagahoan mean khasakar gujarat ke soorat jaise shaharoan mean reesoan evan sethoan ne banarasi karaghe ko chalana chaha. lakh koshishean kian phir bhi kamayabi hasil nahian huee. ek bujurg binakar kahata hai yah ilm aur yahaan ki mitti donoan ka choli daman ka sambandh hai. n to banaras ki mitti is ilm ke bina rah sakati hai aur n hian binakari ki prakriya is mitti ke bagair phal phool sakati hai. banaras ke binakar is bat se bhi achchhi tarah avagat hai ki unake banae vasroan ki maang bazar mean kafi hai, aur bahut se bichaulie, kothidar yahaan tak ki girasta bhi mala-mal ho rahe haian, jabaki unake mehanat tatha kalatmak jnan ke bavajood unhean jitana parishramik milana chahie utana nahian mil raha hai. alipura ke hi binakar ne bataya ki kashi ke binakar to paras patthar haian. jisane bhi inako chhua malo mal ho ge parantu ye apani avastha par yathavat kh de haian.[1]
pak saf kala
kuchh logoan ka kahana hai ki binakari ki kala bahut hi pak saf kala hai. paigambar bhi apana kap da bhi khud binate the. aur aj alam yah hai ki hamean julaha kahakar chhota samajha jata hai. aleepur ke ek binakar ne yah kahate hue samajhaya phir age kahane lage saty to yah hai ki n to logoan ko aur n binakaroan ko julaha shabd ka arth maloom hai aur n hi isaka itihas. julaha shabd jue ilaha shabd ka vikrit rup hai, jisaka matalab khuda ya bhagavan ki khoj karane vale bande ya bhakt se hota hai. aur to aur mahanh mugal badashah aurangajeb bhi binakari ka kary karata tha. kuchh logoan ne bataya ki eeran se kuchh musalaman banaras ki taraph ae jo silk tatha kalin banane ki kala mean parangat the. binakari vale log banaras mean rah ge jabaki kalin banane vale mirjapur ki taraph chale ge. in eerani binakaroan ne yahaan ke logoan ko binane ki takanik mean bahut se ne ilm ka ijad bhi kiya. itana hi nahian kuchh logoan ne to binakari ke sath-sath samaj sudharak tatha sachche dharmanishth musalaman ki bhoomika bhi nibhaee. isi mean se ek nam mirja alavi ka hai. mirja alavi bhi eeran se banaras ae the tatha sachche musalaman the. sa di binane ke sath sath logoan ke islam dharm mean phaile andhavishvas, ashiksha ityadi ke prati jagrat bhi karate the. unhian ke nam par ek basti alavipura ka namaankaran kiya gaya, jise ajakal aleepura ke nam se jana jata hai. alee mean aj bhi mirja alavi ka majar hai jahaan musalaman tatha hindoo donoan hi mannat maangane ke lie jate haian.
binakari takanik[1]
- banarasi (binakar gaj)
- 16 girah ka ek gaj hota hai.
- 4 aanguli ka ek girah hoti hai.
- 1 girah mean sava do eeanch hota hai.
| phanni ki lambaee |
phanni ki lambaee sadhe satrah girah ke lagabhag hoti hai |
|---|---|
| panaha | phanni ke saeej par nirbhar karata hai. sa di ki chau daee athava arj ko panaha kaha jata hai. |
| bharuee ki phanni | bharuee ki phanni hi paramparagat phanni hai jo lupt pray ho rahi hai. bharuee ki phanni ke donoan bes ek prakar ki lak di se bana hota hai jise satha kaha jata hai. |
| sik | sik narakat se bana hota hai. narakat ko sik ki tarah banakar chau daee mean dala jata hai. bharuee ke phanne ke sik ki chau daee lagabhag 3 eeanch hoti hai. |
| vevar | bharuee ke phanni ke donoan chhor par lohe ke saman akar ke (sik ki akriti evan akar ke saman) sianke lagi hoti haian, jise vevar kaha jata hai. |
| geva | siank ko paramparik tatha prachalit bhasha mean geva kaha jata hai. geva do prakar ka hota hai:
sa di ke panahe ke donoan hissoan ko thos tatha majabooti dene ke lie lohe ka geva diya jata hai. |
| hattha | phanni ke phrem ko hattha kaha jata hai. arthath phanni hatthe mean lagi hoti hai. hattha lak di ka bana hota hai. |
| taraudhi | hatthe ke niche ke bhag ko taraudhi kaha jata hai. hatthe aur taraudhi ke andar vale bhag mean ek nali khudi hoti hai jisamean phanni baithi hoti hai. |
| khaddi | khaddi jamin mean g di hoti hai, jisapar hattha kh da hota hai. arthath hattha khaddi ke oopar kh da hota hai. khaddi lak di ki bani hoti hai jo do khooante par kh di hoti hai. isamean khaddidar siki bani hoti hai, jisake bes par lak di ka mala laga hota hai. |
| gethua (gethava, getava) | gethua ya getava mean lak di ke kaanti nayalon ke dhage se bana jala hota hai. isi ko gethua kaha jata hai. kee varsh poorv jab nayalon ka prachar prasar nahian hua tha us samay varanasi ke binakar sooti dhagoan ka hi gethua banaya karate the. halaanki ajakal sooti gethua kahi bhi vyavahar mean nahian laya jata hai. |
| pauansar | pauansar karakhane mean pair ke pas laga hota hai. samanyatah belaboote par char pauansar hote haian jisamean do damma ka pausar tatha do mashin ka pausar hota hai. mashin ke pausar ko jab dabaya jata hai tab yah naka uthata hai, jabaki dam ke pauansar dabane se yah tani uthata hai. |
| siraki | siraki baans ka bana hota hai, tatha isaka upayog zari tatha kadhaee banane ke lie kiya jata hai. |
| naulakkha (bojha) | pausar dabane par naka ya tani oopar ki or uthata hai jisase kap de ki binaee tatha kadhaee ki prakriya chalati rahati hai. naka ya tani oopar ki or uthane ke bad yah zaroori hai ki vah phir apane poorv sthan par yathavat a jae aur kahian phanse bhi nahian. isi ke lie karakhane mean ek vajan donoan taraph do-do kar dal diya jata hai, jise naulakkha ya bojha kahate haian. pahale naulakkha kumhar ki mitti ko pakakar sundar akriti mean banata tha. halaanki ajakal isake badale eeanta ya baloo ke bojh ka bhi prayog kiya jata hai. |
| patabel | aanchal ke donoan patti ko patabel kaha jata hai. |
| lappa | lappa karaghe ke sabase oopari bhag ko kahate haian. lappa baans ya lak di ke char tuk de se banaya jata hai. baans ya lak di ke tuk de ko ari-tirachhi rakhakar us par rakha jata hai. yahaan ke log jaikvard ko apani bhasha mean mashin kahate haian. lappa lak di ya baans ke tuk de ko hi kahate haian. |
| mashin ka danda | yah jaikvard mashin ka danda hota hai. mashin ka danda lak di se bana hota hai. harek dande mean do chhed kiya jata hai jinhean do lak diyoan ke bich nat tatha bolt se kas diya jata hai. |
| maank di | maank di lappe ke oopar hota hai. yah dandanuma akriti ka hota hai. maank di se vay ki gathua uthata hai. |
| chi daiya (chi dee ka danda) | jis dande se jakard mashin ke slaid ko uthaya jata hai use chi daiya ya phir chi dee ka danda kaha jata hai. chi daiya niche ki or mashin par hamesha jhuka ho is khyal se lohe ke plet se ise baandh diya jata hai. mashin ke dande ka pichhala hissa ek dori dvara niche karakhane mean ek livar dvara kasa hota hai jisako pair se dabane se mashin apana kary shuru kar deta hai. |
binakari pesha aur usaka svasthy par prabhav
bahut se logoan ne apane lekh, adhyayan, riport tatha kitaboan mean is bat ka vistar se varnan kiya hai ki binakari peshe ka binakaroan ke svasthy par bahut hi bura prabhav p data hai. dame ki bimari, yakshama, kamar dard, badan dard ityadi bimariyoan ka zikr bhi in logoan ne vistarapoorvak kiya hai lekin vahaan ke logoan ke anusar binakari peshe se kisi prakar ki bimari hone ki sanbhavana nahian hai. ulte isase phayade hi haian. binakari ek prakar ka vyayam hai, jisamean sharir ke pratyek aang pair se lekar mastishk tak kriyashil rahata hai. logoan ne kaha ki yah to sharir ko chust tatha durust banae rakhata hai. halaanki kuchh logoan ne yah svikar kiya ki budhapa ane par badan dard tatha jo doan ka dard jaisi samasyaoan ka samana inhean karana p data hai. kuchh logoan ne is bat ka bhi pratikar kiya aur bataya ki jo doan ka dard tatha badan dard ek aisi samasya hai jo lagabhag sabhi logoan ko budhape mean pareshan karati haian, chahe ve binakari ke peshe mean hoan ya any kisi bhi peshe mean kyoan n ho. isaka sambandh kisi bhi tarah se binakari ke peshe se jo dana sahi nahian hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 mishr, d aau. kailash kumar. binakari: ek gauravashali parampara (hiandi) (ech.ti.em.el) ignca.nic.. abhigaman tithi: 24 navanbar, 2012.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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