ब्रजभाषा साहित्य का इतिहास (काल विभाजन)

[[chitr:Dadu-Dayal.gif|thumb|dadoo dayal]] brajabhasha sahity ke itihas ko tin charanoan mean baanta ja sakata hai. isaka udayakal jisake oopar 'nagar' apabhransh kavy ki chhap hai. isi karan usamean dikhane vale hindi ke madhy desh mean paida hue amir khusaro se lekar maharashtr mean paida hue mahanubhav aur jnaneshvar ke sathi namadev haian. doosari or panjab se lekar bihar tak ke sant kavi haian, jo bhinn-bhinn prayojanoan se bhinn-bhinn prakar ki bhasha ka vyavahar karate haian, parantu gey prayojan ke lie pray: brajabhasha ka hi vyavahar karate haian. inaki soochi b di lambi hai aur pandrahavian aur solahavian shatabdi ke adhikaansh sant-kavi sahityik brajabhasha ka hi prayog karate haian. mukhy nam ye haian-kabir, raidas, dharmadas aur guru nanak, dadoo dayal aur satrahavian shatabdi ke sundaradas, malookadas aur aksharanany haian.

soofi kavy ka bich roop bhi jis kavy se milata hai, vah mulladaud ka chandayan nahian hai, vah sadhan ka ‘mainasat’ hai, jisaki bhasha gvaliyari hai aur vah kuchh aur nahian brajabhasha hi hai. kuchh vidvanh brajabhasha ka purana nam 'gvaliyari' hi dete haian. ‘mainasat’ ka rachana kal pandrahavian shatabdi hai. yah ullekhaniy hai ki, is koti ke kaviyoan ki bhasha bahut parimarjit nahian hai, n usamean vakr-bhangimaoan ke lie koee vishesh sthan hai. udaharan ke lie namadev ne is chhand mean bahut sidhe-sadhe dhang se lila ka kirtan kiya hai-

ambarish kau diyau abhay pad, raj vibhishan adhik karayo.
navanidhi thakur dee sudamahi, dhruv jo atal ajahooan n tarayo.
bhagat het marayo harinakus, nrisianh roop hvai deh dharayo.
nama kahai bhagati bas kesav, ajahooan bali ke dvar kharau.

[[chitr:Kabirdas.jpg|thumb|kabir]] is prakar kabir ke is pad mean sooradas ki bhasha ka ek pragaroop milata hai, jo ukti ki natakiyata ka b da saras udaharan prastut karata hai-

hau bali kab dekhauangi tohi.
ahanisi aantur darasan karani aisi byapi mohi.
nain hamare tumhako chahaian, rati n manaian hari.
birah agini tan adhik jaravai aisi lehu vichari.
sunahu hamari dadi gosaee, ab jani karahu adhir.
tum dhiraj maian atur, svami kaanche bhaan de nir.
bahut dinan ke bichhure madhi, man nahi baandhe dhir.
deh chhama tum milahu kripa kari arativant kabir.

  raidas aur dharmadas mean bhasha kuchh adhik sanvari huee milati hai, udaharan ke lie raidas ka pad lean-

ab kaise chhoote nam rat lagi.
prabhuji tum chandan ham pani. jaki aang aang bas samani.
prabhuji tum ghan ban ham mora. jaise chitavat chand chakora.
prabhuji tum dipak ham bati. jaki joti barai din rati.
prabhuji tum moti ham dhaga. jaise sonahi milat sohaga.
prabhuji tum svami ham dasa. aisi bhakti kari raidasa..

ya dharmadas ka yah pad jisamean halki si bhojapuri chhata hai aur shabd yojana mean anuranatmak prabhav ki gooanj hai-

jhar lagai mahaliya gagan maharay.
khan garajai khan bijali chamakai, lahari uthai sobha barani n jay.
sunn mahal se amrit barasai, prem anand hvai sadhu nahay.
khuli kevariya, miti aandhiyariya dhani sataguru jin diya lakhay.
dharamadas binavai kar jori, sataguru charan mean rahat samay.

  guru nanak aur dadoo dayal mean brajabhasha ka pray: to mishrit roop milata hai, kintu kahian-kahian brajabhasha mean poora ka poora pad racha milata hai, jaise [[chitr:Guru-Nanak.jpg|thumb|guru nanak]]

nanak ke is pad mean-
jo nar du:kh nahian mane.
sukh saneh aru bhay nahian jake, kanchan mati janai.
nahian ninda nahian astuti jakean, lobh moh abhimana.
harash sok tai rahe niyaro, nahian man apamana.
asa manasa sakal tyagi kai jagatean rahe nirasa.
kam krodh jehi parasai nahin tehi ghat brahm nivasa.
guru kirapa jehi nar pai kinhi tinh yah jugati pichhani.
nanak lin bhayo govind sau jyoan pani sang pani.

  aur dadoo ke is pad mean-

ajahooan n nikasai pran kathor.
darsan bina bahut din bite, sundar pritam mor..
chari pahar charayau jug bite, raini ganvai bhor.
avadhi gee ajahooan nahi aye, katahooan rahe chitachor..
kabahooan nain nirashi nahian deshe, marag chitavat tor.
dadoo aise atur virahini, jaise chand chakor..

  ya sundaradas aur malookadas mean jinaka karyakal solahavian se satrahavian shatabdi tak chala jata hai, brajabhasha ka aur adhik nikhara hua roop milata hai. sundaradas ke ek udaharan mean-

too thagi kai dhan aur kau lyavat, tereu tau ghar auri phorai.
agi lagai sabahi jari jai su too, damari damari kari jorai.
hakim kau dar nahin soojhat, sundar ekahi bar nichorai.
too sharachai nahian apun shai su teri hi chaturi tohi lai bore..

  malookadas ke pad mean-

abaki lagi khep hamari.
lekha diya sah apane ko, sahajai chithi phari.
sauda karat bahut jug bite, din din tooti aee.
abaki bar bebak bhaye ham jam ki talab chho daee.
char padarath napha bhaya mohi, banijaian kabahooan n jihauan.
ab dahakay balay hamari, ghar hi baithe khihauan.
vastu amolak guptai paee, tati vayu n laoan.
hari hira mera jnan jauhari, tahi soan parakhaoan.
dev pitar au raja rani, kahoo se din n bhakhauan.
kah malook mere ramaian pooanji, jiv barabar rakhauan..

[[chitr:Bihari-Lal.jpg|thumb|biharilal]] in donoan udaharanoan mean muhavaredari aur ek ukti ko doosare mean pirone ki kushalata aur roopak ka nirvah tinoan ke gun milate haian. jisase pata chalata hai ki sahityik brajabhasha ke vikas ka rang inamean gahara hai aur inhean rachanakal aur bhasha-vikas ki drishti se brajabhasha sahity ke doosare charan mean rakhana uchit hoga. dharanidas ke nimnalikhit dohe ki bandish aur biharilal ke dohe ki bandish mean bahut kam antar dikhega.

dharani dharakat hai hiya karakat ahi karej.
dharakat lochan bhari bhari piya nahin sej.

  usi prakar sant kavi yari sahab ke is pad aur padmakar ki dhvani-chitramayi bhasha mean antar nahian ke barabar hai-

jhilamil-jhilamil barakhai noora
noor jahoor sada bharapoora..
runajhun-runajhun anahad bajai
bhavan guanjar gagan chadhi gajai..
rimajhim-rimajhim barakhai moti
bhayo prakas nirantar joti..
niramal-niramal-niramal nama
kah yari tahan liyo visrama..

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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