राष्ट्रपति का अभिभाषण

bharat ke rashtrapati mean sabhi karyakari shaktiyaan nihit hoti haian. pradhanamantri ke netritv vali mantriparishad rashtrapati ki sahayata karati hai tatha unhean salah deti hai jo ki us salah ke anusar apani shaktiyoan ka prayog karate haian. sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 87 mean aisi do sthitiyoan ka ullekh kiya gaya hai jab rashtrapati dvara vishesh roop se sansad ke donoan sadanoan ko sanbodhit kiya jaega. pratyek am chunav ke bad pahale satr ki shuruat hone par, jab nichale sadan ki pahali bar baithak hogi, rashtrapati dvara rajyasabha aur lokasabha, donoan ko sanbodhit kiya jaega. pratyek varsh ke pahale satr ki shuruat mean bhi rashtrapati dvara donoan sadanoan ko sanbodhit kiya jaega.

abhibhashan

rashtrapati ke abhibhashan mean sarakar ki nitigat prathamikataoan aur ane vale varsh ki yojanaoan ka anivary roop se ullekh hota hai. abhibhashan sarakar ke ejeanda aur disha ka vyapak phremavark pradan karata hai.

400 sal purani paranpara

sadan ko sanbodhit karane ki paranpara bharatiy nahian, balki aangrejoan ki hai. british parliyameant ki vebasait ke mutabiq, sadan ko sanbodhit karane ki paranpara 16vian sadi se bhi jyada purani hai. us vakt vahaan ke raja ya rani sadan ko sanbodhit karati thian. lekin, 1852 ke bad se har sal briten mean sadan ko vahaan ki kvin sanbodhit karati a rahi haian. yahi sistam aangrejoan ke sath bharat mean bhi aya. 1919 mean british sarakar ne bharat mean 'bharat sarakar adhiniyam' pas kiya.

san 1919 mean hi bharat rajyasabha ka gathan hua, lekin use us samay ‘kauansil aauph stet’ kaha jata tha. halaanki, lokasabha ka itihas 1853 se shuroo hota hai. shuruat mean lokasabha ko ‘lejisletiv kauansil’ kaha jata tha, jisamean 12 sadasy the. ajadi ke bad 1950 se satr shuroo hone se pahale rashtrapati ka abhibhashan hota hai. sanvidhan ke artikal 86 (1) mean isaka pravadhan hai. isake tahat am chunavoan ke bad ke pahale aur sal ke pahale satr ki shuruat rashtrapati ke abhibhashan se hoti hai aur usake bad donoan sadanoan ka kam shuroo hota hai.^[1]

das deshoan se li gee batean

15 agast, 1947 mean ajadi milane ke bad sanvidhan sabha ka gathan hua, jisake adhyaksh rajeandr prasad the. 26 navanbar, 1949 ko sanvidhan sabha mean sanvidhan parit hua aur 26 janavari, 1950 ko sanvidhan lagoo hua. hamara sanvidhan 10 deshoan ke sanvidhan se milakar taiyar hua hai. in deshoan mean se kuchh n kuchh batean hamare sanvidhan mean jo di geean. hamari sansadiy pranali briten se li gee, isalie aj bhi bahut sari sansadiy paranparaean, jo briten mean chalati haian, vahi hamare yahaan bhi haian. kyoanki briten mean satr ki shuruat se pahale use kiang ya kvin sanbodhit karati thian, isalie bharat mean bhi aisa hi hone laga. isake lie sanvidhan mean vyavastha ki gee.

k aaujes aauph saman

briten ki sansadiy pranali mean rajaparivar ka pramukh bharatiy sansadiy pranali ke rashtrapati ke barabar hota hai. briten mean vahaan ke kiang ya kvin ko rashtr pramukh ka darja diya gaya hai. british sistam mean kiang ya kvin ke bhashan ko 'k aaujes aauph saman' kaha jata tha. isamean seshan bulane ka karan bataya jata tha. pahale jab bhi rajagharane ko paise ki jaroorat hoti thi, tab vah sadan ki baithak bulate the aur is baithak ko bulane ka karan batate the. lekin, dhire-dhire sarakar apani nitiyaan, karyakram aur upalabdhiyaan bhi batane lagi, kyoanki kiang ya kvin ka bhashan sarakar hi taiyar karati thi. bharat mean bhi aisa hi hota hai. british iandiya ke vakt jab bharat mean sanvaidhanik sanshodhan hone lage to yahaan par bhi kiang/kvin ki jagah gavarnar janaral ya vayasaray sadan mean bhashan dete the. usake bad hamare sanvidhan mean bhi ise jo da gaya.

abhibhashan ko lekar pravadhan

sansad ke kisi ek sadan ya ek sath donoan sadanoan ke samane rashtrapati ke abhibhashan ka pravadhan sanvidhan mean kiya gaya hai. isaka pravadhan bharat sarakar adhiniyam, 1919 mean kiya gaya tha aur 1921 se yah chala a raha hai. rashtrapati jo abhibhashan dete haian, vah sarakar hi taiyar karati hai. sanvidhan ke artikal 86 (1) mean rashtrapati ko yah adhikar hai ki ve jab chahean tab sansad ke kisi ek sadan ya donoan sadanoan mean abhibhashan de sakate haian aur isake lie sadasyoan ko bula sakate haian. halaanki, aj tak is artikal ka istemal nahian hua hai. sanvidhan ke artikal 87 (1) mean yah pravadhan hai ki am chunav ke bad pahale satr aur har sal ke pahale satr mean sansad ke donoan sadanoan mean rashtrapati abhibhashan deange.

mahattv

rashtrapati ka abhibhashan sanvaidhanik jaroorat hai, kyoanki unake abhibhashan ke bina satr shuroo nahian ho sakata. sansad ke donoan sadanoan mean salabhar mean tin satr hote haian.

bajat satr
manasoon satr
shitakalin satr

sal mean sabase pahale bajat satr hota hai. isalie rashtrapati isi satr mean donoan sadanoan ko sanbodhit karate haian. lekin pahale aisa nahian hota tha. ajadi ke bad 1950 mean jab sanvidhan lagoo hua to rashtrapati ko har satr ko sanbodhit karana hota tha, lekin bad mean isamean sanshodhan hua. sanshodhan ke bad rashtrapati am chunav ke bad ke pahale satr aur sal ke pahale satr ko hi sanbodhit karane lage. lokasabha chunavoan ke bad har saansad ki shapath ke bad aur lokasabha adhyaksh ke chunav ke bad hi rashtrapati ka abhibhashan hota hai. jab tak rashtrapati donoan sadanoan mean abhibhashan nahian de dete, tab tak koee any kary nahian kiya ja sakata. vahian, har sal ke pahale satr ke pahale din hi rashtrapati donoan sadanoan mean abhibhashan dete haian.

sansad ko is bat ko janane ka adhikar hai ki sarakar kya kar rahi hai aur kya karane vali hai. isalie rashtrapati sansad ko sanbodhit karate haian aur use sarakar ki nitiyoan aur kamakaj ke bare mean batate haian, kyoanki rashtrapati bhi sansad ka hi hissa haian. kyoanki rashtrapati ka abhibhashan sarakar hi taiyar karati hai, isalie isamean sarakar ke agale ek sal ke kamakaj ka byora bhi rahata hai.

abhibhashan par charcha

rashtrapati ke abhibhashan ke bad is par charcha hoti hai. is charcha ke lie samay donoan sadanoan ke adhyaksh tay karate haian. lokasabha ke niyam 16 aur rajyasabha ke niyam 14 ke mutabiq, adhyaksh sadan ke neta ya pradhanamantri se rashtrapati ke abhibhashan par charcha ka samay tay karega. isake bad lokasabha ke niyam 17 ke tahat, sadan ka koee sadasy dhanyavad prastav pesh karata hai, jisaka anumodan koee doosara sadasy karata hai. isake bad dhanyavad prastav par charcha hoti hai. saansad dhanyavad prastav mean sanshodhan ki maang bhi kar sakate haian. ye sanshodhan un vishayoan ke bare mean die jate haian, jinaka jikr rashtrapati ke abhibhashan mean kiya gaya ho ya aise vishayoan par bhi de sakate haian jinaka jikr abhibhashan mean kiya jana chahie tha.

lokasabha ke niyam 20 (1) aur rajyasabha ke niyam 18 ke tahat, dhanyavad prastav par charcha ka javab dene ka adhikar sarakar ke pas hai. pradhanamantri chahean to khud ya sarakar ki taraph se koee mantri charcha ke bad javab de sakata hai. bhale hi ve charcha ke dauran sadan mean maujood rahe hoan ya n rahe hoan. pradhanamantri ya kisi mantri ki taraph se sarakar ka javab die jane ke bad sadan ke any sadasy ko uttar dene ka adhikar nahian hota.

saval uthane ka adhikar nahian

donoan sadanoan ke kisi bhi sadasy ko rashtrapati ke abhibhashan par saval uthane ka adhikar nahian hai. lekin, dhanyavad prastav par charcha ke dauran sadasy bahas kar sakate haian. is dauran sadasy aise vishay nahian utha sakate, jisaka sidha sanbandh sarakar se nahian hai. isake sath hi bahas ke dauran rashtrapati ka nam bhi nahian le sakate, kyoanki abhibhashan ka prastav sarakar taiyar karati hai.

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↑ rashtrapati ke abhibhashan ki paranpara desh mean kaise shuroo huee aur kya hai isaka itihas? (hiandi) bhaskar.com. abhigaman tithi: 29 janavari, 2020.

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[1] rashtrapati ke abhibhashan ki paranpara desh mean kaise shuroo huee aur kya hai isaka itihas? (hiandi) bhaskar.com. abhigaman tithi: 29 janavari, 2020.

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