राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा दिवस

rashtriy shiksha divas
abulakalam azad|200px|center
vivaran	'rashtriy shiksha divas' svatantr bharat ke pratham shikshamantri maulana abul kalam azad ki smriti mean manaya jata hai. bharat mean shiksha ke vikas mean maulana azad ki mahattvapoorn bhoomika thi.
desh	bharat
tithi	11 navambar
shuruat	11 navambar, 2008
vishesh	maulana azad mahila shiksha ke khas himayati the. unaki pahal par hi bharat mean 1956 mean 'yoonivarsiti graant kamishan' ki sthapana huee thi.
any janakari	maulana azad ki aguvaee mean 1950 ke shuruati dashak mean 'sangit natak akadami', 'sahity akadami' aur 'lalit kala akadami' ka gathan hua. isase pahale vah 1950 mean hi 'bharatiy saanskritik sanbandh parishad' bana chuke the.

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rashtriy shiksha divas (aangrezi: National Education Day) pratyek varsh '11 navambar' ko manaya jata hai. yah divas bharat ke mahanh svatantrata senani, prasiddh shikshavidh evan svatantr bharat ke pratham shikshamantri aur 'bharat ratn' se sammanit maulana abul kalam azad ki smriti mean manaya jata hai. bharat mean shiksha ke vikas mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhane vale maulana abul kalam azad aj hi ke din (11 navambar, 1888 ee.) paida hue the.

shuruat

vaidhanik roop se 'rashtriy shiksha divas' ka prarambh 11 navambar, 2008 se kiya gaya hai. '11 navambar' ki tithi bharat ke prasiddh vyaktitv abul kalam azad se ju di hai. isi din is mahanh vibhooti ka janm soodi arab ke makka mean hua tha.

mahatma gaandhi ke vicharoan se prabhavit hokar bharat ke svatantrata sangram mean shamil hone vale maulana abul kalam azad bharat ke bantavare ke ghor virodhi aur hindoo-muslim ekata ke sabase b de pairokaroan mean the. halaanki vah urdoo ke behad kabil sahityakar aur patrakar the, lekin shikshamantri banane ke bad unhoanne urdoo ki jagah aangrezi ko tarajih di, taki bharat pashchim se kadamatal milakar chal sake.

shiksha mean maulana azad ka yogadan

maulana azad ka manana tha ki aangrezoan ke zamane mean bharat ki padhaee mean sanskriti ko achchhe dhang se shamil nahian kiya gaya, isilie 1947 mean azadi ke bad bharat ke pratham shikshamantri banane par unhoanne padhaee-likhaee aur sanskriti ke mel par vishesh dhyan diya. maulana azad ki aguvaee mean 1950 ke shuruati dashak mean 'sangit natak akadami', 'sahity akadami' aur 'lalit kala akadami' ka gathan hua. isase pahale vah 1950 mean hi 'bharatiy saanskritik sanbandh parishad' bana chuke the. ve bharat ke 'keandriy shiksha bord' ke cheyaramain the, jisaka kam keandr aur rajy donoan staroan par shiksha ka prasar karana tha. unhoanne sakhti se vakalat ki ki bharat mean dharm, jati aur liang se oopar uth kar 14 sal tak sabhi bachchoan ko prathamik shiksha di jani chahie.

maulana azad mahila shiksha ke khas himayati the. unaki pahal par hi bharat mean 1956 mean 'yoonivarsiti graant kamishan' ki sthapana huee thi. azad ji ko ek dooradarshi vidvanh mana jata tha, jinhoanne 1950 ke dashak mean hi soochana aur takanik ke kshetr mean shiksha par dhyan dena shuroo kar diya tha. shikshamantri ke taur par unake karyakal mean hi bharat mean 'iandiyan ianstityoot aauf teknol aauji' ka gathan kiya gaya tha.

sarvashiksha abhiyan

keandr sarakar ne 6 se 14 varsh ki umr vale desh ke sabhi vidyarthiyoan ke lie sarvashiksha abhiyan ke nare ke sath isaki shuruat varsh 2002 se ki thi. isake tahat shikshakoan ke lie lagatar kee prashikshan satr rakhe ge. desh bhar ke sabhi rajyoan ke sabhi prathamik-madhyamik skooloan ke bahar anivary roop se sab "padhean-age badhean" ka bord lagaya gaya, jo samast janata ko yah sandesh dene ke lie lagaya gaya tha ki skooloan ke daravaze samaj ke sabhi vargoan ke lie khule haian. isake tahat sabhi dharmoan-jatiyoan-vargoan ke svasth v apang bachchoan (6 se 14 varsh) ko shikshit karane ka pravadhan kiya gaya. age chalakar ise aur bhi vyapak roop diya gaya. isi yojana ke tahat desh ke alpasankhyak varg ke bachchoan ke lie kee vishesh yojanaoan ko lagoo bhi kiya gaya aur saphal bhi kiya gaya. age chalakar is abhiyan ke tahat 'apang samaveshak shiksha yojana' ko laya gaya aur desh ke sabhi apang bachchoan ko svasth v samany bachchoan ke sath-sath saman shiksha pradan karane ka adhikar diya gaya.

anivary v muft prathamik shiksha adhikar ka qanoon

'sarvashiksha abhiyan' ki saphalata ke sath-sath keandr sarakar ko mahasoos hua ki abhi bhi samaj mean kee dabe-kuchale varg aise haian, jinake bachche padhane ke bajay apane mata-pita ke sath unake kam mean hath bantate haian. sarakar ko yah bhi pata chala ki kee laparavah abhibhavak aise haian, jo apane bachchoan ko padhana hi nahian chahate. jab keandr sarakar ko laga ki poore desh ke 6 se 14 varsh ki umr vale lakhoan bachchoan ko kaksha 1 se 8vian ki shiksha se vanchit rahana p d raha hai to usane varsh 2009 mean "anivary v muft prathamik shiksha adhikar ka qanoon-2009" lagoo kiya, jise sansad ne apani manjoori saharsh hi pradan ki.

is qanoon ke tahat poore desh mean 6 se 14 varsh ki umr vale sabhi bachchoan ko anivary v muft shiksha ka avasar upalabdh karaya gaya. halaanki is qanoon ko kafi pahale hi parit kar diya gaya tha, par isaki janakari adhikatar logoan ko nahian thi. ise poore desh mean vyapak roop se lagoo karane ke lie sarakar ne yojana banaee aur aantat: desh ke pahale shikshamantri maulana abul kalam azad ki jayanti ke shubh avasar par, shukravar ke din "11 navambar, 2011" se isaki shuruat kar di gee. isake tahat sabhi prathamik skooloan ke mukhyadhyapakoan ko kisi bhi anapadh bachche ko usaki umr ke anusar vali kaksha mean poore sal sidhe pravesh dene aur use padha kar saksham banane ka adhikar aur nirdesh diya gaya.

shiksha se vanchit bachche

ek sarvekshan mean yah dekhane mean aya hai ki abhi bhi rah chalate samaj ke kee varg ke aise bachche dikh jate haian, jo skool nahian jate. isamean kachara binane vale bachche pramukh roop se shamil haian. shahari kshetr mean yah bhi dekhane mean aya hai ki atant: laghu star par vyapar karane vale kee parivar aise haian, jo apane bachchoan ko sath lekar hi chalate haian aur unake bachche skool nahian ja pate. isamean s dak kinare mochi ka kam karane vale, nivasi imaratoan mean jhadoo lagane vale, chhoti chay-naste ki dukan chalane vale, pan-bi di ki dukan chalane vale, gharoan mean kutir udyog (agarabatti, biandi, pap d, nakali moti ke dane gooanthane vale, kap doan ki silaee karane vale adi) s dakoan-muhalloan mean ghoomakar kachara binane vale, bhikh maangane vale tatha reloan-basoan mean ghoomakar ya phir rel v bas addoan par koee n koee saman bechane vale bachche adi shamil haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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